Oelsa (Löbau)
|
Oelsa
City of Löbau
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 0 ″ N , 14 ° 38 ′ 15 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 285 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 4.73 km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1979 |
| Postal code : | 02708 |
| Area code : | 03585 |
 Location of Oelsa in the area of the city of Löbau
|
|
Oelsa ( Upper Sorbian ) is a village in the district of Görlitz in Upper Lusatia belonging to the Saxon town of Löbau .
geography
Geographical location
Oelsa extends three kilometers west of Löbau on the upper reaches of the Seltenrein . The area of the place is 473 hectares and extends to the south over the valley of the Litte . In the west of the village rises the double peak of the 376 meter high Bubenik , which forms the beginning of a chain of hills. This continues in a south-easterly direction over the Fuchsberg (345 m), the Fichtelberg (341 m), Lärchenberg (331 m) and the Nonnenberg (315 m) to Großschweidnitz .
Nechen and Laucha are to the north of Oelsa, and Altlöbau joins in the east, which in turn merges into Löbau in the east. Southeast to south are small and Großschweidnitz , located in the southwest Lawalde , and west to the northwest close Kleindehsa and Großdehsa on.
geology
The soil consists mainly of boulder clay , which is covered with a one meter thick layer of loess clay . The average land value number is 45.
While the northern part of the district has loose, Pleistocene embankments, the chain of hills lying to the south with lamprophyr and porphyrite tunnels forms a transition to the Lusatian mountains .
history
The Waldhufendorf was first mentioned in 1306 as Ülsen and has been under the jurisdiction of the city of Löbau since then. In the course of the 15th century the Löbauer council bought the place and with a short interruption due to the Pönfall Oelsa remained a council village of the six-town Löbau.
The inhabitants lived from agriculture, which was quite bearable due to the good loess loam soils that existed in the valleys of the Seltenrein and Litte. In the source area of the Seltenrein, the city of Löbau took its first pipe water.
With the inauguration of the railway from Löbau to Cunewalde in 1928 , the route of which ran north of the town, Oelsa and Großdehsa received a stopping point. At this stop, VEB Minol built a larger fuel store in 1967. For this purpose, the breakpoint was abandoned and in 1972 it was re-established further west near Großdehsa.
In 1958 the collectivization of agriculture was complete and the farmers had all more or less voluntarily joined the LPG Type I Wiesengrund. In 1979 Oelsa was incorporated into Löbau.
In December 1995 the tank farm was closed. In 1997, Deutsche Bahn ceased passenger transport and in 1998 the line was closed and partially dismantled.
The Löbau bypass of the federal road 178 , inaugurated on November 5, 2001 , which begins east of the Lärchenberg, leads between Oelsa and Altlöbau through to the north and leads to Nechen, where it leads back to the federal road 6 in the valley of the buttermilk water .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1834 | 328 |
| 1871 | 327 |
| 1890 | 376 |
| 1910 | 395 |
| 1925 | 379 |
| 1939 | 362 |
| 1946 | 447 |
| 1950 | 515 |
| 1964 | 446 |
| 2011 | 264 |
In 1547 the place consisted of 23 farms. Until 1777 the population increased, so that 18 farmers, 7 gardeners and 38 cottagers could be counted. In 1840 there were 8 large, 4 medium and 7 small farmers, 4 large and 4 allotment gardeners and 33 cottagers. The number of economies fell from 63 in 1777 to 60 in 1840.
As early as 1834, the German Customs Union counted 328 residents in the census . This number changed little until the founding of the empire in 1871, after which it rose to around 400 by the beginning of the 20th century. By the Second World War , the number fell again by around 10%, but rose again after the end of the war due to the admission of refugees and resettlers, so that in the meantime there were over 500 inhabitants. By the beginning of the 1970s the number fell again, so that around 240 adult residents were still counted.
While the majority of the population was Sorbian until the end of the 19th century , the number of Sorbian speakers decreased significantly in the period that followed. While there were 100 in 1885, 60 were determined 15 years later and just 4 in 1956. In Oelsa, the now extinct Löbauer dialect of Upper Sorbian was spoken.
The population is predominantly evangelical, but the majority are no longer religious. In 1925, 368 evangelical, 9 catholic and 2 non-religious residents were identified.
Place name
The German name developed from Uͤlsen (1306), Olße (1432), Olsen (1438), Olßen prope Lobaw (1519) to Oelse (1563), Oelßa (1791) and finally Oelsa . In addition, a Sorbian name emerged, which was first documented in 1700 with Woleschinza by Abraham Frencel . This name developed over Wólschinza and Łoleschizy (1835) to Wólšinca and finally Wolešnica (1886).
The name is derived from the Old Sorbian word Ol'šina " alder forest ".
In contrast to the towns of Klein-Oelsa , Oelsa and Steinölsa located a little to the north, all of which are located in the then Prussian part of Upper Lusatia, the Saxon Oelsa was not renamed during the Nazi era.
literature
- Between Strohmberg, Czorneboh and Kottmar (= values of our homeland . Volume 24). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1974.
Footnotes
- ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony. Retrieved February 17, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Between Strohmberg, Corneboh and Kottmar , pages 99, 207.
- ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 213 .