Olga Freiin von Lersner

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Olga Toni Freiin von Lersner (* July 21, 1897 in Karlsruhe , † July 8, 1978 in Reutlingen ) was a German nurse , one of the initiators and head of the nursing school at Heidelberg University . With the development of the university model school , von Lersner had a decisive influence on German nursing education. The school she co-initiated established the upgrading of European nursing care in international comparison and its later academization.

Career

In 1919 Lersner began a two-year training course as a nurse in the Katharinenhospital in Stuttgart . She spent her first year working in refugee aid in Turkey and Greece . From 1922 to 1927 she was the superior of a hospital in Saloniki and head nurse at the Athens University Hospital. This was followed by various management positions in hospitals in Königsberg i.Pr., Dresden, Senftenberg and Offenbach am Main. There she joined the sisterhood of the German Red Cross (DRK) Offenbach and took over the management of the nursing school there. In 1940 she attended a one-year advanced training course at the DRK in which she was taught the theoretical basics of her previous activities in care management . In 1940 von Lersner also joined the Rotkreuz parent company in Marburg-Übersee. She was then appointed matron of the Ludolf Krehl Clinic at the University of Heidelberg , where she was also responsible for the DRK nursing school. Richard Siebeck was the medical director of the DRK nursing school . The productive collaboration between Olga von Lersner and Richard Siebeck during this time was continued even after the sister school at Heidelberg University was founded. Olga von Lersner saw nursing as part of Siebeck's "Medicine in Motion". At the University of Heidelberg Olga von Lersner also received support from Viktor von Weizsäcker , with whom there was also a friendly relationship. The level of internal and psychosomatic care that was created during this time has been demonstrated since 2017 in the new care image campaign of the Heidelberg University Hospital “You will grow - variety care. Since 1561 ”continued by the INPUD“ Internal Medicine up to date ”event.

Heidelberg model school

After the end of the Second World War , the American High Commission endeavored to upgrade German nursing and adapt it to international standards, in particular the academization of nursing training. To this end, the American government as well as the Rockefeller and McCloy foundations pledged financial aid for the establishment of a university model training course in Germany. The rector of Heidelberg University Karl Heinrich Bauer and von Lersner were ready to develop a corresponding model.

With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation , von Lersner was able to complete a one-year scholarship in the United States and Toronto / Canada and attended nursing schools in Gothenburg and Stockholm.

While the university approved the establishment of the model school as early as 1948, after her return von Lersner tried to convince the President of the Association of German Mother Houses of the Red Cross, General Superior Luise von Oertzen, of the idea. Von Oertzen considered such a school to be “ethically unsustainable” and threatened Lersner with expulsion from the DRK if it wanted to realize its idea. Lersner left the DRK and switched to the Agnes Karll Association . Also Auguste Mohrmann , who worked for the Kaiserswerther Association (KWV) in the Berlin office was hard to convince them of the idea of a model school. The deaconess Anna Sticker from Kaiserswerth, however, welcomed the idea. Olga von Lersner opened the nursing school at Heidelberg University in May 1953 with a three-year basic training in nursing and public health care . The Dean of the Medical Faculty, Horst Habs , gave the opening speech and referred to the importance of academically trained nurses at Heidelberg University since Franz Anton Mai . Right from the start, the school was oriented towards international standards.

Neurological, psychiatric, community and psychosomatic care

The Rockefeller Foundation called for an expansion of "mental health care". This concern was met primarily by the student nurses Christa Winter von Lersner, who liked to attend events at Walter Bräutigam , and Ulrike Villinger. Unfortunately, Olga von Lersner did not succeed in convincing the psychiatric nurse Eva von Gadow of a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship to study mental health care in the USA and then to work as a teaching nurse at the USH. Olga von Lersner became the nestor for psychosomatic care in Germany, because it was possible for her to win over the Heidelberg physician Alexander Mitscherlich for the concerns of the school and so, for the first time in Germany, the nurses were also employed in psychosomatic medicine. Theoretical instruction in psychosomatics was given by Clemens de Boor (1920–2005), who later became the head of the Sigmund Freud Institute in Frankfurt am Main. The student nurse Sabine Bartholomeyczik , who had done a nursing internship in a state psychiatric hospital before her training, heard lectures from Alexander Mitscherlich. In 1946, Alexander Mitscherlich had originally envisioned the designation "Institute for Biographical Medicine" for his institute.

From the English side came the demand for an expansion of community nursing, which was implemented through cooperation with the relevant institutions of the two Christian churches and the Diaconal Science Institute with Herbert Krimm and Paul Philippi . The Heidelberg neurologist Dieter Janz (1920–2016) also ensured that a USH nurse was deployed both in the inpatient and outpatient area (50% of the full-time job) by establishing a bridge nursing home together with Olga von Lersner. Revolving door effects in neurology should be reduced.

There was also close cooperation with the educationalists Alfons Schorb and especially Christian Caselmann . Certificates of achievement could also be acquired in philosophical events. Nursing history was taught and presented dramaturgically on the basis of personalities such as Henry Dunant , Theodor Fliedner , Vincenz von Paul and Florence Nightingale . As early as the 1950s, nursing theories, especially Florence Nightingale's nursing theory, were used. The curriculum of the school therefore had a total to a variety of innovations that gradually as amendments to move into the Nursing Act held. In December 1962, Lersner retired and handed over the management of the nursing school to Antje Grauhan (school management from 1962 to 1971), who added further nursing theories to the curriculum.

The new sister school of Heidelberg University (USH) was quickly nicknamed "Hollywood School". The schoolchildren were nicknamed “Hollywood Sisters” at the nursing wards. The nickname was invented by Hanns Gotthard Lasch , then a school doctor for the USH and senior physician at the Medical Clinic (Ludolf von Krehl Clinic). Inspired tab through the sandelholzfarbene costume of student nurses, the white-gray in color around seemed refreshing. The sister school's regular program also included trips to Alsace with students from other neighboring faculties at Heidelberg University.

Training diaries

During their training, the student nurses kept diaries in which they described and processed their experiences on the wards, in the community and in kindergarten. Olga von Lersner provided the diaries with questioning, praising and critical remarks in the margin. The care of the handicapped, of people with handicaps, was not a designated focus of the curriculum of the sister school of Heidelberg University. However, the training diaries show that the disabled were not forgotten at the USH.

Olga von Lersner Nursing School in Frankfurt a. M., Dorothea Kroeber

Olga von Lersner was a co-founder of the Olga von Lersner nursing school at the Markus Hospital in Frankfurt am Main. Several young nurses who had completed their training at the nursing school of the University of Heidelberg later worked in the Markus Hospital. The school nurse Dorothea Kroeber, who has a good knowledge of community nursing in the USA and Germany, who received a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation for a study visit to Sweden in 1951 , also moved from the USH to the Markus Hospital at the beginning of the 1960s, where she led the » Group care «(care system). The student nurse Sabine Bartholomeyczik was very impressed by this group care, so that she joined the Markus Sisterhood after her training. The Markus Sisterhood was incorporated into the German Professional Association for Nursing Professions (previously Agnes Karll Association) in 1973 . In Heidelberg, group care was initially introduced in the Ludolf von Krehl Clinic at the request of chief physician Karl Matthes together with graduates of the nursing school.

Farewell to the nursing school

In March 1963, Olga von Lersner was adopted as superior of the nurses' school. In an impressive ceremony, Oberregierungsrat Roesinger and Vice-Rector Köthe thanked them for the work they had done. Christian Caselmann (pedagogy) gave an insight into the school's broad teaching program. Superior Lisa Schleiermacher spoke for the German sisterhood. Karl Heinrich Bauer (medicine) described the outgoing superior and himself as an "unequal, but tolerant team" and referred to the high level of performance of the school, for which primary school is a prerequisite. Antje Grauhan emphasized that Olga von Lersner had induced her to take up the nursing profession. The student nurses performed polyphonic choral movements and a sonata by Domenico Brasolini. Olga von Lersner was moved by the many greetings and telegrams on her departure.

Some students accused them of never trying to acquire an academic title despite the one-year study visit to the USA and Canada, although this would have been possible at the time. As a woman who thinks in a modern way, she has adapted to the pressure of socialization, sought a niche in the nursing profession and thus missed the connection to the professionalization processes in nursing. The nurses' school at Heidelberg University remained in the style of the beginning of the 20th century, despite its university proximity.

Olga Freiin von Lersner was buried in the main cemetery in Frankfurt am Main . Her grave is not far from the grave of Frankfurt nursing scientist Hilde Steppe .

Honors

  • In 1963 Lersner was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st Class .
  • The nursing school opened on April 18, 1968 at the Agaplesion Markus Hospital in Frankfurt am Main was called the “Olga von Lersner School”. Until the renovation work on the Agaplesion Markus Hospital in 2008-2013, a building on the site was called "Olga-von-Lersner-Haus".

Publications

  • with Hans Opitz: The interest of domestic and foreign institutions in the sister school of Heidelberg University. In: health care. Journal of health tasks in the context of family care. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, February 1954, 3rd year, issue 11, p. 203. (The USH is to be included in the archive of recognized schools managed by the World Association of Nurses .)
  • Man as the content and goal of nursing. Lecture psychiatric clinic Weissenhof Weinsberg (other sources speak of Weingarten as the conference location) Heidelberg 1955. (Human content and target CP)
  • with Alta Elisabeth Dines, Kathleen Leahy, Angela Hackett and Dean Couley: Spokesmen for Nursing. In: The American Journal of Nursing. 59, 6, 1959, pp. 760-760. doi : 10.2307 / 3417577

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Antje Grauhan: Obituary for Olga von Lersner from July 20, 1978 , Heidelberg University Archive KE 211, Heidi Friedl Collection.
  2. ↑ a b c Karin Wittneben and Maria Mischo-Kelling: Nursing education and nursing theories , Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich, Vienna, Baltimore 1995, pp. 272 ​​+ 273.
  3. ↑ Bernhard Naarmann: Colonial working under the Red Cross "The German Women's Association of the Red Cross for the colonies" between 1888-1917 , Dissertation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, academic supervisor Richard Toellner , 1986, to the founding of the Women's Association in West Germany as a sisterhood " overseas "Based in Marburg, p. 78.
  4. ↑ Olga von Lersner: Man as the content and goal of nursing. Heidelberg 1955. (Article in the estate of the sister school of Heidelberg University in the University Archives HD)
  5. ^ Wolfgang U. Eckart : Medicine in motion. The focus is on people. Richard Siebeck, Viktor von Weizsäcker and anthropological medicine. In: KlinikTicker. Magazine of the Heidelberg University Hospital: Two Years of HIT - A Success Story, Issue 05, November / December 2011, pp. 34–35.
  6. ↑ Mechthilde Kütemeyer : Anthropological medicine or the emergence of a new science. Dissertation . Institute History of Medicine Uni HD, 1973.
  7. ↑ Christa Winter von Lersner: Memory of Olga Freiin von Lersner. In: Limpurger Brief. Frankfurt am Main, June 1997, p. 4. (on the importance of Richard Siebeck and Viktor von Weizsäcker for Olga von Lersner)
  8. ^ Christine R. Auer: Antje Grauhan and Wolfgang Rapp (Dept. Paul Christian). The expansion of the bipersonal to a tripersonal situation “patient-nurse-doctor” presented us with new challenges (the first years of the USH). Festschrift for Sabine Bartholomeyczik (former student at the USH) on the Federal Cross of Merit, May 2015 Heidelberg.
  9. ^ Nursing / shortage of nurses: legal protection for the hood . In: Der Spiegel . No. 26 , 1957 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Christine R. Auer: A free-thinking nurse, Antje Grauhan MA is 80 years old. here: Speech by Antje Grauhans on the occasion of the farewell to Olga von Lersner, self-published HD 2010.
  11. ↑ Karl Jaspers : General Psychopathology. 4th edition. Springer, Heidelberg 1946.
  12. ^ Rhein-Neckar-Wiki: Eva von Gadow
  13. ^ Eva von Gadow: Irrenpflege, contributions from general medicine. Volume 6, Enke, Stuttgart 1948.
  14. ↑ Clemens de Boor : Psychosomatic Medicine , in: Harald Weise: Fundamentals of psychiatric nursing, an introduction to eight lectures. With a contribution by Clemens de Boor, series of publications on the theory and practice of all nursing, EC Baumann Kulmbach 1966, pp. 155–220.
  15. ↑ Udo Benzenhöfer : The medical philosopher Viktor von Weizsäcker. An overview of life and work , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 2007, p. 187.
  16. ^ Papers and correspondence of the Heidelberg University Nurse School, Acc 43/08 Heidelberg University Archives, box 28.
  17. ↑ Christine R. Auer: History of the nursing professions as a subject. The curriculum development in nursing education and training, dissertation Institute for the History of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Heidelberg 2008, pp. 91–95.
  18. ↑ Christine R. Auer: A free-thinking nurse, Antje Grauhan MA is 80 years old. Self-published, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030494-1 , p. 15. (Antje Grauhan 80 years old)
  19. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : Milestones in circulatory, vascular and blood research. In: Peter Nawroth, Hanns Gotthard Lasch (Hrsg.): Vascular medicine systematically. Uni-Med Verlag, Bremen 1999, ISBN 3-89599-143-0 , p. 33. (on HG Lasch, "latent coagulation" and the pathomechanism of consumption coagulopathy )
  20. ↑ so z. B. Training diaries Heidi Friedl, b. Hofer, USH 1956–1958, annotated by Olga von Lersner; After the death of Ms. Friedl (2017) handed over to the Heidelberg University Archives, signature KE 211.
  21. ↑ Training diaries Heidi Friedl, b. Hofer, USH 1956–1958, commented on by Olga von Lersner, UAH KE 211, volume V., p. 16 ff., Use in child psychiatry, Blumenstrasse, Heidelberg − Weststadt.
  22. ^ Frankfurter Rundschau, April 18, 1968: Olga von Lersner School opened at St. Markus Hospital , accessed on April 13, 2017.
  23. ^ Inauguration of the Olga-von-Lersner School in St. Markus Hospital in Frankfurt-M . In: German sister newspaper. Volume 21, Number 6, June 1968, pp. 288-289, PMID 5186772 .
  24. ↑ see C. Auer 2015, pp. 32 + 36.
  25. ↑ Narrative interviews with Heidi Friedl (née Hofer) and Ulrike Dörtenbach-Umlauff on Olga Freiin von Lersner, Dorothea Kroeber and the early years of the USH, conducted in July 2016 during the anniversary of Heidelberg Alumni International. The interviews can be found on two audio CDs in the Heidelberg University Archives.
  26. ^ Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung Heidelberg : High recognition. Impressive ceremony on the farewell of Oberin von Lersner. Giving Direction to the Nursing School, Friday March 22, 1963, No. 69, p. 5.
  27. ^ Hilde Schädle-Deininger : Specialist care psychiatry . Elsevier, Urban & FischerVerlag, 2006, ISBN 3-437-27120-2 , pp. 429 .
  28. ^ School of Nursing . In: Frankfurter Rundschau . April 18, 1968.
personal data
SURNAME Lersner, Olga Freiin von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lersner, Olga von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German nurse, head of the nursing school at Heidelberg University
DATE OF BIRTH July 21, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsruhe
DATE OF DEATH July 8, 1978
Place of death Reutlingen