Nurse School of the University of Heidelberg

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Building of the former sister school of the University of Heidelberg (USH, Holly School), on November 21, 2009.

The nursing school of Heidelberg University (USH) was a model institution for the further development of nursing education in Germany .

In particular, it became known far beyond the borders of Heidelberg and Germany under its nickname "Holly School" .

Emergence

The sister school at Heidelberg University was founded in 1953 on the initiative and with support of the US government and the American Rockefeller and McCloy foundations. The initiative dates back to the late 1940s. The above-mentioned institutions had set themselves the task of upgrading nursing in Europe and establishing study opportunities at university level. In Heidelberg this intention fell on fertile ground. Olga Freiin von Lersner , at the time the superior of the Ludolf Krehl Clinic and head of the nursing school there, and Karl Heinrich Bauer , Rector of the University of Heidelberg, began planning a corresponding facility. The support from the Rockefeller Foundation, with its European headquarters in Paris , Rue de la Baume, was tied to various conditions. So should among other things

  • the school be affiliated with the medical faculty
  • the pupils should not be obliged to work towards the hospital
  • the training should last three years
  • Theoretical lessons and practical assignments should be planned and monitored by the school
  • Nursing and public health care should be provided by a sufficient number of appropriately trained teachers
  • Teacher training should also be carried out at the nursing school.

Heidelberg University agreed to these conditions as early as 1948. Even if integration into the research and teaching operations of the university subsequently failed due to numerous resistance (not least from within its own professional group), the nursing school was able to start teaching in May 1953 as an experimental school with a three-year basic training in nursing and public health care . In 1952 the pediatrician Hans Opitz became the leading medical president of the school's new board of trustees. During the opening speech in 1953, the dean of the medical faculty, Horst Habs , looked back on the academic traditions for nursing and midwifery at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität since Franz Anton Mai and placed the USH in this tradition. The training was oriented towards international requirements and was intended to make the profession more attractive for interested young women and to prepare new concepts in clinics. The Rockefeller Foundation also called for an expansion of the concepts for " mental health care ."

The second mainstay of the school was established in the mid-1950s: continuing education to become a teaching nurse . The also planned further training to become a ward nurse did not take place, or was limited to a few further training courses for ward nurses.

When the first basic course with nursing training began on April 1, 1953, the curriculum had many innovative elements that were gradually integrated into the respective amendment of the Nursing Act ; the nursing school set the pace in nursing training in the Federal Republic of Germany. So was z. B. designed a third year of training in 1953, which was voluntary until 1957. It was not until the Nursing Act of July 15, 1957, which was revised on September 20, 1965, that the exam was stipulated at the end of the three-year training with the assistance of the President of the German Medical Association, Hans Neuffer (1892–1968).

International orientation in theory and practice

During the Grauhan era (1962 to 1971), teaching sequences were held in English. The technical English served as preparation for the elective in the third year of training, which has been attracting female students all over the world since the mid-1970s.

As an alternative to the election, the pupils could take part in the three-month Socrates - Erasmus exchange program for EU students from 1995 to 2005 . In May 1995 the nursing school was officially recognized as the 5th member in the network of partner institutions (Athens, Lyon, Oxford, Stockholm). In 2003, the nursing school at Inselspital in Bern ( Switzerland ) concluded contracts with the nursing school based on this program. There were two places available for each institution for the "outgoing students" and two places for the "incoming students", which were actively used. The exchange included both practical assignments in the clinics and participation in lectures and seminars. The teachers involved also sat in for one week.

Nursing theory

In the 1950s, under the school management of Antje Grauhan, the examination of nursing theories, mostly from the Anglo-American language area, began. Initially, the curriculum was mainly based on Faye Glenn Abdellah (enabling approach), Virginia Henderson and Ernestine Wiedenbach . Soon there were extensions and additions through other theories, especially by Nancy Roper together with Winifred Logan and Alison Tierney , Dorothea Orem , Madeleine Leininger and Hildegard Peplau . Today, the examination of nursing theory and research has become an integral part of the curricula of health and nursing schools.

Student participation

The shared responsibility and participation of the students was an important concern of the nursing school from the start. The so-called “Joint Committee” was institutionalized, in which pupils and teachers discussed and clarified questions in regular meetings. Depending on requirements, a plenary session was held several times a year with all students, further training participants and teachers. The students' points of criticism and suggestions for training were asked in individual reflective discussions and in regular course evaluations. The second year students also took part in the job interviews. As “preliminary course assistants”, two third-year students in the teaching staff were able to take part in the preparation and implementation of the new course.

Teaching and learning methods

Regular study times, homework, projects and other means encouraged the students to learn independently and independently. The current teaching concepts and methods were incorporated through the close interlinking with teacher training . These included, among other things, action-oriented teaching , problem-based learning and experience-based teaching .

outlook

From 2003 the nursing school of the University of Heidelberg started a cooperation with the Ev. Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences to facilitate access to a degree in nursing science for graduates interested in studying, which at that time was no longer possible in Heidelberg itself, despite the promising beginnings in 1953. Margret Flieder from Ev. Was responsible for the cooperation with USH. Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences.

On January 1, 2004, a new Nursing Act came into force. In § 1 hold the professional designation "was health and nurse or registered nurse " regulated. The “generalist training” model was started with the 2005 course: as part of a model experiment , the students qualified in caring for people of all age groups.

With effect from August 1, 2006, the Karlsruhe Regional Council approved the merger with the health and nursing school. The generalist model training was carried out in the Academy for Health Professions Heidelberg gGmbH, a cooperation between Heidelberg University Hospital and Ev. City Mission Heidelberg, for the time being continued in its previous form. In addition, in cooperation with the Department of General Medicine and Health Services Research at Heidelberg University Hospital, the bachelor's degree in “Interprofessional Health Care” was offered with course director Cornelia Mahler (USH). Cornelia Mahler was appointed professor for nursing science at the Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen in 2018 . The building of the Heidelberg nursing school has been waiting for new use or demolition since 2006, and teaching has since taken place in the premises of the Heidelberg Heinsteinwerk.

The advanced training course “Teacher for Nursing Professions” offered at the USH was replaced in 2005 by the course for higher teaching qualifications at vocational schools specializing in “Health and Society - Care” at the Institute for Gerontology at Heidelberg University.

Broadcast by USH

The USH school directors who followed Olga von Lersner and Antje Grauhan in office were Erika von Amann, Inge Vollstedt, Elke Kuno and Wiltrud Grosse.

Former members of the Heidelberg University's sister school have formed the “Alumni Nursing Science” specialist group in the Heidelberg Alumni International network at Heidelberg University (moderator: Christine R. Auer). In October 2016, due to structural changes at Heidelberg University, the specialist group was renamed in » Alumni of nursing, health and therapy science as well as health professions .« This group is also open to interested parties from neighboring disciplines.

Due to family connections, Thyra von Boddien spends July 20th in Berlin-Plötzensee . The successor to Karin Wittneben in the creation of care biographies in the " Biographical Lexicon for Care History. Who is who in Nursing History ”(Ed. Horst Peter Wolff followed by Hubert Kolling) became Adelhaid Kastner-Schulz, followed by the translator Elisabeth Brock. Edith Wolber made special contributions to the processing of the biography of the Heidelberg gynecologist Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer , as well as to the processing of the history of the Jews in Kraichgau. Marion Alcock took over the management of care in the Orthopedic Clinic Heidelberg in 1972 and introduced the care documentation. Elke Müller received the Golden Badge of Honor from the German Professional Association for Nursing Professions (DBfK) in Stuttgart in April 2016 . Brigitte Benzinger-König was co-author of the textbook “ Chirurgie für Pflegeberufe ”, which appeared in several editions with a foreword by Christian Herfarth . Reinald Schmidt-Richter was the lead author of the generalist and competence-oriented Heidelberg curriculum for nursing professions, which was published by Thieme Verlag in 2012. The knowledge of Maria Jäger was also incorporated into this book. Jutta Friedel became a supervisor, Anette Klingberg completed basic training and advanced training as a teacher for nursing professions at the USH, and in 1994 wrote the training model for the health and nursing school of Ev. City Mission Heidelberg and later completed training as a palliative care nurse at the Heidelberg Academy for Health Professions. Maria Hommelsheim (née Becker), today Bad Boll , completed further training with Eva von Gadow and became a music therapist at the Christophsbad Clinic in Göppingen .

Monika Habermann studied ethnology and became a professor for nursing science in Bremen. In 2016 she was appointed as one of two German representatives in the COST campaign (European Cooperation in Science and Technology): " Rationing - Missed Nursing Care: An international and multidimensional problem" . Olivia Dibelius moved to Berlin as a professor of nursing science. Christa Winter von Lersner became professor for nursing science at the Fulda University of Applied Sciences. Marga Ingeborg Thome (* 1942) moved to Iceland. She was appointed to one of the first professorships in nursing at the University of Iceland.

On the medical side, it was above all the later psychiatrist Klaus Dörner who followed the beginnings and the further history of the nursing school of the University of Heidelberg with interest and commitment. Dörner completed his medical studies in Heidelberg at Viktor von Weizsäcker's house . Ulrike Villinger (USH) later published with Hilde Schädle-Deininger , one of Klaus Dörner's colleagues. With the Heidelberg neurologist Dieter Janz , a position was created for a " bridge nurse " for the first time in the 1950s , who worked in both inpatient and outpatient care. This approach was followed up by Dörner and Schädle-Deininger. Thus the concern of the Rockefeller Foundation to develop modern concepts for " mental health care " was taken into account.

In 2017, Anja König became the contact person for the Heidelberg University Hospital's new personnel campaign “ You will grow. Diversity care. Since 1561 ”. This image campaign goes back to the beginnings of the Heidelberg University Hospital in 1561 in Bussemergasse in Heidelberg's old town, where the city acquired a “nosocomium”.

The USH and the German Association for Nursing Science (DVP) from 1989–1994

The school management Inge Vollstedt was one of the board members of the first electoral term of the board of the newly established German Association for Nursing Science (today: German Society), which was elected on May 10, 1989. Inge Vollstedt left both the nursing school and the DVP in 1991 to study nursing science in Scotland and do a PhD there. She was followed by Barbara Hobbeling as a board member in the DVP for a period of one year. Ms. Hobbeling was also a teacher at the USH at the time and she too left the DVP to study. She was followed by Elke Müller as a board member for a limited period of one year until 1994. Elke Müller was also a teacher at the USH. The development of a scientific society with almost no scientific structures that could have provided support was a challenge for these first pioneers of nursing science in the DVP and required their great commitment. The work was done without a sufficient financial basis and was also largely done on a voluntary basis.

First habilitation in nursing science in Germany

Marianne Arndt (today Sr. Maria Benedicta Arndt), who completed her advanced training as a teacher for nursing professions at the USH, became the first member of the German Association for Nursing Science (today: German Society for Nursing Science ) and wrote the introductory formula here. Marianne Arndt, with her focus on nursing ethics, became the first qualified nurse for nursing science / nursing ethics in Germany. The habilitation took place at the Humboldt University in Berlin . Marianne Arndt later became a religious (Sr. Maria Benedicta) because she “realized that it would not work without Christian nursing”. With Klus Edomin , she was given a small church and a church garden, which she took care of.

Sabine Bartholomeyczik (basic course USH 1964–1967), who followed a recommendation from Karl Heinrich Bauer with her training at the USH , became a long-time director (1999–2009) of the German Society for Nursing Science and spokeswoman for the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases at Helmholtz -Community at the Witten-Herdecke site. Sabine Bartholomeyczik completed her habilitation in 1998 at the University of Witten-Herdecke at the Institute for Epidemiology / Nursing Science and has been the professor for epidemiology and nursing science here since 2001.

Professorship Karin Wittneben

Karin Wittneben , b. Claussen, (1935–2016) received her doctorate in 1991, after completing her training as a teaching nurse at the USH, at the Leibniz University of Hanover with a thesis on the “Concept of nursing in vocational training for nursing teachers”. In 1993 she was appointed professor for educational science with a focus on " Didactics in the professional field of health " at the University of Hamburg. Karin Wittneben also worked as a nursing historian. She wrote numerous biographies in the “Biographical Lexicon for Nursing History. Who is who in nursing history ”, which has appeared in seven editions since 1997 and is edited by Horst-Peter Wolff (successor: Hubert Kolling). Another research focus of Wittneben were the nursing theories (together with Maria Mischo-Kelling).

USH estate, correspondence Gerda Kaufmann, heidIcon, audio CDs, training diaries Heidi Friedl

The estate of the sister school of Heidelberg University (USH) is in the Heidelberg University Archives under the shelfmarks Acc 43/08 and Acc 61/15. Gerda Kaufmann, one of the first USH students in 1953, was a USH exchange student at the Bon Secour nursing school in Geneva. She later studied education and nursing at Columbia University New York's Teachers College. Gerda Kaufmann completed further training in Lausanne, Switzerland, and studied at the WHO International Nursing College in Lyon, France . Then she was entrusted with educational tasks at the DBfK and in Kaiserswerth. In 1965 she took part in the congress of the International Council of Nurses (= ICN) in Frankfurt am Main, and in 1977 in the ICN congress in Tokyo. From 1980 she worked at the Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences with Ruth Schröck and Christa Winter- von Lersner, became deputy chairwoman of the German Association for Nursing Science and in 1991 a member of the editorial group for the creation of a "Memorandum on the training and further education of nursing managers and teaching staff in the nursing profession" of Robert Bosch Foundation Stuttgart. Gerda Kaufmann was fascinated by the history of nursing. She also left her correspondence to the Heidelberg University Archives under the signature Acc 14/15.

USH photos can be found in the heidIcon of the Heidelberg University Library.

Narrative interviews with Heidi Friedl (née Hofer; † May 3, 2017) and Ulrike Dörtenbach-Umlauff, conducted in July 2016 during the anniversary of Heidelberg Alumni International, can also be found on two audio CDs in the Heidelberg University Archives. The training diaries of Heidi Friedl geb. Hofer were handed over to the Heidelberg University Archives after their death in 2017. There are reports here about the first class visit in July 1956 to the Hufeland ward or about the first room system at the Naunyn ward. In the children's clinic, on the other hand, maintenance was carried out in the hall system, for example on the "Eleonoren Hall". The still frequent cleaning work for nursing staff, against which school management Olga von Lersner also resisted, was discussed in the training diary.

Workshops, exhibitions, lectures

  • Lecture by Susanne Kreutzer (University of Osnabrück) on the occasion of the Florence Nightingale Congress “ International Perspectives in the History of Nursing Conference ” from 14. – 16. September 2010 (Royal Holloway, University of London): " Hollywood Nurses " in West Germany - biographies, self-images and experiences of academically trained nurses, 1945–1980 (Conference Book of Abstracts, p. 8).
  • Lecture by Christine R. Auer (University of Heidelberg) dto. Florence Nightingale Congress 2010: Implementation Bologna Directive: from " peppermint freedom " in Heidelberg to " German Society of Nursing Science " - development academization of nursing 1945–1989 / 90 (Conference Book of Abstracts, p. 71).
  • Lecture by Christine R. Auer and Reinald Schmidt-Richter at the institute evening of the Diaconal Science Institute of the University of Heidelberg in the summer semester 2013 on the history of the nursing school of the University of Heidelberg and on the history of the " beneficial Heidelberg doctor and nurse training ", such as the Nobel Prize winner and National Socialist Philipp Lenard had established. Christine R. Auer and Reinald Schmidt-Richter discussed with the former school administration Elke Kuno.
  • Workshop on the occasion of the annual meeting of the Viktor von Weizsäcker Society on October 25, 2014 in Heidelberg to Olga von Lersner with board member Hartwig Wiedebach, with Dieter Janz (1920–2016), founding member of the Viktor von Weizsäcker Society, with Christa Winter von Lersner, who had made a name for psychiatric nursing, as well as Reinald Schmidt-Richter (USH) in the presence of the nursing scientist Yutaka Maruhashi, University of Hyogo (Jpn), dto. Viktor von Weizsäcker Society and member of the HAI specialist group. In Viktor von Weizsäcker's letters, a letter to Paul Christian so far (2016) contained a brief reference to the sister school of the University of Heidelberg and Olga von Lersner. There was friendly contact between Olga von Lersner and the von Weizsäcker family. It is known that the nurse Irma Kless reported in a letter to Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker in 1986 about Viktor von Weizsäcker's commitment to sick Jews in the deaconess hospital in the Plöck between 1939 and 1941. This engagement was similar to that of the deacon Immanuel Rieker, who, together with the pastor Hermann Maas, protected Jewish citizens from persecution and who, like Viktor von Weizsäcker, also worked in the houses of the Ev. City Mission Heidelberg hid.
  • Exhibition on the history of the Heidelberg University's sister school on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Heidelberg Alumni International in the Heidelberg University Archives from 12. – 15. July 2016.

Literature, German digital library

  • Olga von Lersner and Hans Opitz: The interest of domestic and foreign institutions in the sister school of Heidelberg University. In: health care. Journal of health tasks in the context of family care. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, February 1954, 3rd year, issue 11, p. 203. (The USH is to be included in the archive of recognized schools managed by the World Association of Nurses = ICN.)
  • Heidi Hofer (married Friedl), USH: Voice of Youth: Excerpt from a diary about a factory maintenance internship , in: Deutsche Schwestern Zeitung . Journal for Nursing and Children's Nursing (main editor Oberin Lisa Schleiermacher), W. Kohlhammer Verlag Postverlagsort Stuttgart, 11th year, issue 8, August 10, 1958, pp. 313-314, leading article: Dietrich Berg and Gotthard Schettler : Fettproblem und Diet .
  • Eduard Seidler : Agnes Karll in her time, Agnes Karll Association Frankfurt a. M., 1968. Eduard Seidler: Agnes Karll
  • Erika von Amann (Ed.): Commemorative publication for the 25th anniversary of the sister school of Heidelberg University on April 21 and 22, 1978 , 1953–1978, self-published 114 pages. Erika von Amann: USH's 25th anniversary.
  • Iris Mamier and Horst-Peter Wolff: Olga von Lersner and the nursing school of the University of Heidelberg in the context of all-German nursing history , in: Horst-Peter Wolff: Contributions to nursing history in Germany (Part III), issue 7 of the writings from the Institute for Nursing History Qualzow 1996 , available as above. Horst-Peter Wolff collection, Göttingen (archivist Traudel Weber-Reich).
  • Anja König, USH: Influencing the development of the nursing profession in a social context. Subject area 11: Analysis and suggestions for teaching , Elsevier, Urban & Fischer Munich 2006. König: Development of the nursing profession .
  • Christine R. Auer: History of the nursing professions as a subject. The curricular development in nursing education and training , dissertation at the Institute for the History of Medicine (now: History and Ethics) of the University of Heidelberg, academic supervisors Wolfgang U. Eckart and Rolf Verres , self-published Heidelberg 2008. History of the nursing professions as a subject
  • Margot Sieger: Transformations in Nursing after 1945: Between Professionalization and Deprofessionalization , in: Jochen-Christoph Kaiser and Rajah Scheepers (eds.): Servants of the Lord, contributions to female diaconia in the 19th and 20th centuries , historical-theological gender research, Evang. Verlagsanstalt Leipzig 2010, p. 178. JC Kaiser, Rajah Scheepers: Servants of the Lord .
  • Reinald Schmidt-Richter (USH): Heidelberg curriculum - generalist training in nursing . Stuttgart: Thieme 2012. ISBN 978-3-13-164061-1 . R. Schmidt-Richter: Generalistic curriculum for nurses' school Uni HD .
  • German Digital Library: Sister School of the University of Heidelberg, Sr. Maria Bea, Oberin Olga Freiin von Lersner

Web links

  • Docplayer: Festschrift for the 50th anniversary of the sister school of Heidelberg University on June 26th and 27th, 2003, with a lecture by Reiner Wiehl : In Search of a New Image of Man between Technology and Ethics, pp. 25–33, accessed on April 17th 2020. Digitized

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Socrates Litsios: The Rockefeller Foundation's Struggle to Correlate Its Existing Medical Program with Public Health Work in China , in: Iris Borowy (ed.): Uneasy Encounters. The Politics of Medicine and Health in China 1900-1937 , Peter Lang Ffm 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-57803-2 , pp. 177-205 on the Public Health Policy of the Rockefeller Foundation in Europe (Paris) and China. Uneasy encounters
  2. ↑ Dagmar Ellerbrock: Healing Democracy - Democracy as a remedy. Health, Illness and Politics in the American Zone of Occupation 1945–1949, publications d. Inst. F. Social history Braunschweig-Bonn, Verlag JHW Dietz Nachf., 1st edition 2004, pp. 186–188, ISBN 978-3-8012-4139-1 . Online resource Uni Bielefeld Healing Democracy
  3. ^ Heinrich Krebs and Heinrich Schipperges : Heidelberger Chirurgie 1818–1968. A commemorative publication on the 150th anniversary of the Surgical University Clinic , Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1968, on Karl Heinrich Bauer and the “extremely lively university nursing school” p. 103.
  4. ^ Heinrich Schipperges : Doctors in Heidelberg. From “Homo Heidelbergensis” to “Medicine in Motion” , here: On the reconstruction of Heidelberg medicine under Karl Heinrich Bauer, Edition Braus Heidelberg 1995, commitment to nursing school p. 194 left column. Heinrich Schipperges published for the USH in the magazine "the Agnes Karll sister". The Agnes Karll sister
  5. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : Long shadows from Königsberg - Philipp Bamberger (1898–1983) and the Heidelberg Children's Clinic in the difficult post-war period , on Hans Opitz and the nursing school p. 123, in: Georg F. Hoffmann , Wolfgang U. Eckart and Philipp Osten (Ed.): Developments and perspectives in child and adolescent medicine (1918–2000), 150 years of pediatrics in Heidelberg , Heidelberg University Hospital, Kirchheim Verlag Mainz 2010, ISBN 978-3-87409-489-4 . Online resource
  6. ↑ Christine R. Auer: Antje Grauhan and Wolfgang Rapp (Dept. Paul Christian): The expansion of the bipersonal to a tripersonal situation presented us with new challenges. For Sabine Bartholomeyczik on the Federal Cross of Merit 2015, self-published Heidelberg, p. 60, ISBN 978-3-00-050734-2 .
  7. ↑ Simone Moses: The academization of care in Germany. Series of publications by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, Huber Verlag Bern, pp. 20–21, ISBN 978-3-456-85510-3
  8. ↑ Kreutzer, Susanne: From "love service" to the modern women's profession. The reform of nursing after 1945. Frankfurt / Main: Campus 2005. ISBN 978-3-593-37741-4
  9. ^ Matron Lisa Schleiermacher (main editor of the Deutsche Schwestern Zeitung): 16. – 22. October 1958 Advanced training course for ward nurses at the nursing school of the University of Heidelberg , in: Deutsche Schwestern Zeitung. Zeitschrift für die Kranken- und Kinderkrankpflege, W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart, 11th year, issue 8, 10th August 1958, p. 319, (leading article of the edition: Dietrich Berg, Gotthard Schettler : Fettproblem und Nutrition.)
  10. ↑ Judith Clift, University of Graz: What does nursing science bring to senior nursing staff? , in: USH training conference on the occasion of Ms. Antje Grauhan's retirement from active professional life. Academy of Nursing , Friday, April 20, 1990, self-published by the University of Heidelberg's sister school, pp. 33–34, typescript available Heidelberg University Archives, Acc 43/08, and Hilde Steppe Documentation Center, University of Applied Sciences Frankfurt / M library.
  11. ↑ Volker Klimpel : Hans Neuffer . In: Hubert Kolling (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon for Nursing History - Who was Who in Nursing History , Volume eight, Hpsmedia GmbH Nidda, 2018, p. 212 f.
  12. ↑ USH estate in the Heidelberg University Archives, Acc 43/08
  13. ^ Academy for Health Professions AfG AfG Homepage
  14. ↑ Wiki: Academy for Health Professions Heidelberg
  15. ↑ Reinald Schmidt-Richter : Heidelberg curriculum - generalist training in nursing . Stuttgart: Thieme 2012. ISBN 978-3-13-164061-1 . R. Schmidt-Richter: Generalistic curriculum for nurses' school Uni HD .
  16. ↑ Campus report University of Heidelberg April 6, 2016: Midwifery training first training in a health profession in Heidelberg
  17. ↑ BSc Interprofessional Healthcare
  18. ↑ Prof. Dr. Cornelia Mahler, University of Tübingen , accessed on April 17, 2019.
  19. ↑ YouTube (34 min.): Nursing science in portrait. With the Dean of Studies Prof. Dr. Cornelia Mahler, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, May 4, 2020, accessed on June 14, 2020.
  20. ↑ Teacher training course in Health and Society - Care
  21. ↑ Paeslack, Volkmar and Wiltrud Grosse, Heidelberg Rehabilitation Foundation: Physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of paraplegics , Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1980.
  22. ^ Section Alumni Nursing Science, HAI
  23. ^ Edith Wolber: Jewish life in Meckesheim until 1940. The forgotten history of a Kraichgaudorfes , Verlag Regionalkultur Ubstadt-Weiher 2015, Jewish life in Meckesheim
  24. ↑ Promotion Edith Wolber: You hold out the keys to me
  25. ↑ " Johnny, have you chewing gum? "- Awarded state prizes for local research, Edith Wolber received the state price for local research for her book" Jewish life in Meckesheim until 1940. The forgotten history of a Kraichgaudorf ", in: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , Heidelberger Nachrichten, Monday, November 21, 2016, 72nd year / no. 270, p. 12. In 2001, Ilse Schulz , the renowned Ulm nurse and colleague of Antje Grauhan , had already received the state price for local research.
  26. ↑ Heidelberg University Hospital, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery: Nursing then, 1972 Marion Alcock becomes PDL , accessed on November 15, 2016.
  27. ↑ Elke Müller PhD: Guiding principles in nursing
  28. ↑ Birgit Sommer: Because care is more than just a job. Elke Müller is one of the first nurses who also studied her trade: Now she has received the "Oscar" from her professional association , in: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , Heidelberg edition, 72nd year, no. 199, Sat./Sun. 27./28. August 2016, p. 5.
  29. ^ Brigitte Benzinger-König 2000: Surgery for nursing professions
  30. ^ Reinald Schmidt-Richter: Heidelberger Curriculum
  31. ↑ Supervisor Jutta Friedel
  32. ↑ cf. C. Auer Dissertation 2008, p. 210
  33. ↑ PhD Monika Habermann: "You just have to believe it"
  34. ^ COST European Cooperation in Science and Technology: Rationing - Missed Nursing Care , accessed on July 25, 2017.
  35. ↑ Promotion Olivia Dibelius: Widowing women
  36. ↑ Hilde Schädle-Deininger (Ed.): Pflege Not Stand
  37. ↑ Image campaign care University Hospital Heidelberg: You will grow , accessed on March 10, 2017.
  38. ↑ KlinikTicker Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, May 18, 2017: "You will grow. Diversity care. Since 1561. "
  39. ^ Heinrich Schipperges : Doctors in Heidelberg. A chronicle from "Homo Heidelbergensis" to "Medicine on the move". Edition Braus Heidelberg 1995, with insert Wolfgang U. Eckart 2006, on the acquisition of the » Nosocomium « in 1561 p. 68 a .
  40. ↑ a b c d Sabine Bartholomeyczik: 30 years of the DGP. 30 years of nursing science in Germany. Lecture on the occasion of the symposium on the 30th birthday of the DGP in Berlin on May 17, 2019, accessed on June 1, 2019.
  41. ↑ a b c d Sabine Bartholomeyczik : About the beginnings of the DGP: The founding of the German Association for the Promotion of Nursing Science and Research (DVP) 30 years ago, in: Pflege & Gesellschaft. Journal for Nursing Science, Volume 24, H1, 2019, special issue: Thirty Years of the German Society for Nursing Science (DGP) , Beltz Juventa, Weinheim, pages 13 + 16.
  42. ↑ Karin Wittneben's dissertation , accessed on January 11, 2017.
  43. ↑ Birgit Trockel et al .: Who's Who in Care. Germany – Switzerland – Austria , Hans Huber Bern 1999, pp. 253-258., With a preface by Ruth Schröck .
  44. ↑ Simone Moses: The academization of care in Germany , series of the Robert Bosch Stiftung, Huber Verlag Bern 2015, p. 81, ISBN 978-3-456-85510-3
  45. ↑ Edited by Christine R. Auer, completed in September 2016.
  46. ↑ heidicon - ush , archiving completed in January 2017.
  47. ^ Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung Heidelberg 6./7. May 2017: Obituary notice Heidi Friedl b. Hofer , p. 31.
  48. ↑ Training diaries Heidi Friedl, UAH KE 211, volume 1, pp. 55–138.
  49. ^ Institute evening DWI Heidelberg, May 2013. History section USH
  50. ↑ Press release May 7, 2013 DWI Institute Evening: History of the USH at Heidelberg University
  51. ↑ Tobias Schopper, Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung of April 17, 2020: How the "Holly School" gradually lost its special position, accessed on April 17, 2020.
  52. ^ VvWeizsäcker Gesellschaft, board member H. Wiedebach , accessed on July 19, 2016.
  53. ↑ Christa Winter von Lersner: Psychiatric nursing
  54. ↑ Udo Benzenhöfer : doctor philosopher VvW , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 2007, p. 167.
  55. ↑ Marion Gottlob: The service to people has counted for 60 years. Haus Philippus in Handschuhsheim celebrates its birthday on October 6th - several generations live there under one roof , in: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , Heidelberg edition, No. 225 of Tuesday, September 27, 2016, supplement p. 7.
  56. ↑ Photo: Kind, nurses and Hans Opitz , accessed on August 31, 2016.