Palais Lower Austria
The Palais Lower Austria (until 2005 (Lower Austria) Landhaus called) is on the 1st Viennese district of Inner City on the Herrengasse . 13
The estates of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns once gathered here, and later the Lower Austrian state parliament, the state parliament . This is where the archdukes' hereditary tributes (the title of sovereign prince since the 15th century) took place. The revolution in the Austrian Empire began here in 1848 .
On October 30, 1918, the Provisional National Assembly founded the state of German Austria here , which in autumn 1919 was renamed the Republic of Austria at the request of the war winners . In 1997 the state parliament and state government of Lower Austria moved to St. Pölten , which was declared the new capital of the state in 1986.
The building, which is owned by the state of Lower Austria, is used today to represent the state in the federal capital. The new name is promotional, but unhistorical; the building has never been the residence of a noble family in the last 500 years.
history
Building history
The former Liechtenstein free house was acquired by the estates in 1513 in order to be close to the sovereign as a political representative. The transverse tract at Minoritenplatz was originally designed in a late Gothic style by stonemasons from the cathedral building. The Gothic room and the ceiling of the chapel are still preserved today. In the 1520s construction stalled and was not completed. After that, the building was redesigned in many sections and expanded with additions and additions.
The stalls bought the stones themselves, u. a. Burgschleinitzer Stein, now called Zogelsdorfer Stein , and for the stairs to the ordained room, a tier of stairs made of hard stain from Leythaberg , i.e. hard imperial stone from Kaisersteinbruch , wrote Hans Saphoy in an invoice. These steps appear today as if they were only installed yesterday.
Saphoy vaulted the great boardroom around 1570. The country house chapel, the Gothic room and a portal have been preserved from the Renaissance period . This column portal from 1571 consists of an aedicule attachment with relief , on it two knights with archducal hats and five-eagle coat of arms or shield of the coat of arms of Old and New Austria, an antique head sculpture in the gable and lateral female figures with horns of plenty . The year 1571 was etched into red Adnet marble .
The meeting room was later decorated in a baroque style, including a fresco by Antonio Beduzzi in 1710 , the largest connected ceiling painting in Austria. It shows " Austria ", which is glorified floating in front of divine providence . The painting is decorated with vaulted frescos depicting illusionistic stucco frames surrounded by river allegories (Sebethos, Danube, Po, Rhine, Save, Tajo, Elbe, Rio de la Plata). Balthasar Haggenmüller created this new stucco marble decor and wall paneling in 1710 .
The justice throne in the great hall , to which Claude Le Fort du Plessy is attributed, is also baroque . Knight's Hall, Lord's Hall and Prelate's Hall were designed by master builder Leopold Ernst in 1845/46.
The building made a very mixed impression at the beginning of the 19th century due to the many alterations and connecting structures with neighboring houses. The last renovation was aimed at giving the building a uniform facade while retaining the older structure, which was carried out in 1837–1839 by Alois Pichl , a student of Nobiles . This facade with its characteristic colossal columns is an important example of classicism in Vienna.
Use until the 20th century
In the 16th century, the country house was the cultural and religious center of the then mostly Protestant nobility from Lower Austria and the Lutheran-minded Viennese citizens. This function disappeared with the Counter Reformation .
On March 13, 1848, the country house became the starting point of the revolution , when citizens and students forced the Lower Austrian estates to support a petition to Emperor Ferdinand I demanding a constitution as well as freedom of the press and freedom of assembly (see Lajos Kossuth and Adolf Fischhof ).
In 1861, after a decade of neo-absolutist rule from Emperor Franz Joseph I, the Lower Austrian Landtag, now replacing the estates, took over the building. In the same year, the Reichsrat was also formed as a state parliament. Since there was no parliament building yet, the mansion , the upper house of the Imperial Council, met provisionally in the country house from 1861 to 1883.
Importance in the republic
Shortly before the end of the First World War , on October 21, 1918, the constitution of the Provisional National Assembly took place here, in which the members of the Reichsrat, elected in 1911, from all areas of Upper Austria populated by Germany took part. On October 30, 1918, the first cabinet of German Austria , the Renner I state government , was formed here - regardless of the Kaiser who was still in office until November 11, 1918. On November 12, 1918, the National Assembly moved into the previous Reichsrat building , today's parliament building in Austria.
Until 1920/21, the Lower Austrian Landtag comprised the members of the two present-day federal states of Lower Austria and Vienna. The new federal constitution , which came into force on November 10, 1920 , gave Vienna all the rights of a federal state independent of Lower Austria. In 1921, extensive negotiations took place on the separation law , the economic divorce. At the same time, the Lower Austrian Landtag has held office here since November 1920 without a representative from Vienna. As a result, the country house, interrupted by the dictatorship years 1934 to 1945, was the seat of the Lower Austrian state parliament until 1997 , which then, like the state government, moved to the new capital St. Pölten .
On April 27, 1945, after the Nazi era, the republic was re-established in Vienna, which was then only occupied by the Soviets ( Provisional State Government Renner 1945 ). In autumn 1945, a conference of state representatives took place in the Landhaus, at which it was decided that the western federal states should also recognize the Renner government (originally only effective in the Soviet zone of occupation) ; an essential step towards establishing the Second Republic as it still exists today.
The Separation Act of 1921 had transferred ownership of the country house to the new state of Lower Austria as long as the state parliament and state government were in office here. If the seat of the political representatives of Lower Austria were to be relocated elsewhere, half of the ownership of the City of Vienna in the Landhaus would be revived. Therefore, the signed Vienna Mayor and Governor Michael Häupl and the Lower Austrian governor Erwin Pröll 1995 an agreement in Vienna, which he is entitled, according to separate law half the property transferred in the Lower Austrian Landhaus the province of Lower Austria.
As compensation for this transfer of ownership, Vienna received from the state of Lower Austria, among other things, its shares in
- Klosterneuburg nursing home, at the
- Danube Island North and on
- The building of the district authority Vienna-Umgebung in Alserbachstrasse 41 in the 9th district was transferred.
Todays use
The Palais Niederösterreich is used for conferences, meetings and celebrations of public and private institutions and can also be rented for private purposes. The offices of the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs are located on the upper floors .
The Kunstraum Niederoesterreich project has existed since 2015.
Web links
- www.palais-niederoesterreich.at
- Foreign Ministry brochure on the building from p. 22 (PDF file; 3.27 MB)
- Entry via Lower Austrian country house on Burgen-Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ Description of the allegories and ceiling paintings in the meeting room
- ^ Wien.gv.at - Häupl and Pröll: Exchange of land and real estate agreed
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '36 " N , 16 ° 21' 53" E