Pančevo Bridge
Coordinates: 44 ° 49 ′ 41 ″ N , 20 ° 29 ′ 31 ″ E
 Pančevo Bridge
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| Convicted | Europastraße 70 | |
| Crossing of | Danube | |
| place | Belgrade | |
| construction | Truss bridge | |
| overall length | 1.) 1518 m 2.) 1526.4 m 3.) 1068 m |
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| Longest span | 1.) 160 m 3.) 162 m |
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| opening | 1.) October 27, 1935 2.) November 7, 1946 |
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| planner | 1.) United Steel Works 2.) Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Golowko |
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The Pančevo Bridge ( Serbian Панчевачки мост Pančevački most ) is a combined rail and road bridge in the Serbian capital Belgrade . Until 2014 it was the only bridge in the city to cross the Danube . It is named after the town of Pančevo in Vojvodina , which can be reached via the bridge.
location
The bridge stands in Belgrade's Palilula district - the only one that stretches across both banks of the Danube - and spans the river at around river kilometer 1166. It connects the two large Serbian regions of Šumadija and Banat .
The southern entrances begin in the Bogoslovija district on the streets Mije Kovačevića and Višnjička , the immediate driveway is at Bulevar despota Stefana about 800 meters from the river bank. On the northern (Banat) side, the access begins in the Krnjača district between Blok Braća Marić and Blok Branko Momirov .
The Mihajlo-Pupin Bridge, opened in 2014, is 10 km further upstream.
King Peter II Bridge (1935)
The original Danube bridge was the King Peter II Bridge ( Most Kralja Petra II ) opened in 1935 , a combined rail and road bridge. It was the only bridge over the Danube between the Franz Joseph Bridge in Novi Sad (Neusatz), which was built for the Budapest – Belgrade railway line and opened in 1883, and the King Carol I Bridge , opened in Cernavodă in 1895 shortly before the Danube Delta , which was used for the Railway line Constanța - Bucharest was built.
The construction of the bridge was based on German reparations payments after the First World War , which were agreed within the framework of a trade agreement with Serbia. A German group of companies, consisting of a number of large steel companies, received the order for the 16 km long Belgrade – Pančevo stretch, which included the Danube bridge in particular, but also the much smaller bridge over the Timisoara , now known as Železnički most , shortly before Pančevo. In detail these were Hein, Lehmann & Co. , Düsseldorf , Gutehoffnungshütte , Oberhausen , CH Jucho , Dortmund , Aug. Klönne , Dortmund, Fried. Krupp A.-G., Friedrich-Alfred-Hütte , Rheinhausen , Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg A.-G., Gustavburg plant , Mainz-Gustavsburg plant and Vereinigte Stahlwerke , Dortmund, who had split up the steel deliveries among themselves. The overall planning was done by the United Steel Works. Siemens-Bauunion was called in for the substructures . The German Society for the Assembly of the Pančevo Bridge was founded for on-site services.
The foundation work began in 1927 and continued after interruptions in 1933. The inauguration followed on October 27, 1935 by the Prince Regent Paul of Yugoslavia , who named the building after the underage King of Yugoslavia Peter II ( Most Kralja Petra II ).
The 1524 m long bridge consisted of three sections. On the right bank of the Danube there was a 135 m long foreland bridge. It was a vaulted bridge of reinforced concrete with five openings. It was followed by the steel, 1132 m long river bridge. The main bridge had seven trusses , designed as semi-parabolic girders with a curved top chord. The side center distance of the belts was 10.9 m. The 160 m long girders were supported on the pillars at a distance of 2.10 m. On the left bank of the Danube, a 256 m long foreland bridge, consisting of eight openings, each with 32 m span, spanned by solid wall girders , completed the bridge. Its clearance height was 14 m above the mean water level of the river. The bridge had a track and - separated by a wall - a street wide enough for two carriages or the cars, which were still rare at the time. It was designed in such a way that it would later have been possible to set up double-track traffic on the bridge with brackets on both sides for one lane and one pedestrian path.
When the Balkan campaign of World War II began on April 6, 1941 with the air raid on Belgrade , the Yugoslav army command decided to blow up all bridges in Belgrade (two over the Save and one over the Danube). It was a futile attempt to stop the advance of the Wehrmacht . King Petar II's bridge was blown up on the night of April 10th to 11th, 1941. The fourth and fifth semi-parabolic beams fell into the Danube.
The Germans repaired the bridge and used it for their own purposes during the occupation from 1941 to 1944. In the spring of 1944, the Allied bombing of Belgrade began. The bridge was hit and destroyed during the April 16 and September 3, 1944 attacks. When the Germans ended their retreat from Belgrade in October 1944, they destroyed the remains of the bridge.
Russian Bridge (1946)
Reconstruction began in 1945 from upstream by rebuilding the destroyed pillars. The planning was done by 50 Soviet engineers, headed by Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Golowko (1897–1956), a lieutenant general in the technical troops of the Red Army . According to Josef Stalin's ideas, a temporary crossing should be created rather than an expensive railway bridge, but Josip Broz Tito convinced him of a comprehensive bridge construction. Remnants of the old bridge and various other girders were used. The bridge had 10 openings with the following field widths: 88.08 + 2 × 70.60 + 87.60 + 70.05 + 87.60 + 160.00 + 56.00 + 55.00 + 45.00 m. The first train passed the new bridge on November 7, 1946 and regular road traffic began three weeks later on November 29. Tito originally called it the Red Army Bridge ( Most Crvene Armije ).
New building (1965)
After 20 years, a new building about 1068 m long was erected in 1965. It received its current appearance with a subdivided Warren framework with spans of 161.30 + 3 × 162.14 + 161.30 m and a total length of 809 m. In the middle, about 12 m wide, there are two tracks. A two-lane road and a sidewalk are mounted on brackets on both sides of the bridge.
If you do not count the Đerdap dams on the Romanian border, the Pančevo Bridge was the only bridge in Serbia across the Danube that was not destroyed by NATO air strikes during Operation Allied Force from March 24 to June 12, 1999 .
railway station
At the southern end of the bridge is the Pančevački most train station of the same name . This is where the Beovoz regional trains stop . It is also the terminus of the S-Bahn line Bg: voz, which went into operation on September 1, 2010 .
literature
- Martin Metzler: The steel structures for the bridges in the course of the new Belgrade – Pancevo railway line, carried out on behalf of the Yugoslav government by the
Hein, Lehmann & Co. Düsseldorf-Oberbilk
Gutehoffnungshütte A.-G., Oberhausen (Rhld.)
CH Jucho, Dortmund
Aug. Klönne, Dortmund
Fried. Krupp A.-G., Friedrich-Alfred-Hütte, Rheinhausen (Niederrh.)
Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg A.-G., Gustavburg plant, Mainz-Gustavsburg
Vereinigte Stahlwerke A.-G., Dortmund.
Julius Springer, Berlin 1932 (with reprint Springer Book Archive, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-31615-3 ).
Web links
- Mostovi Beograda - Pančevački most video with historical photos (6:27)
- Kako smo gradili Pančevački most: 16 fotki koje vam niko nikada nije pokazao (photo) Article from July 1, 2016 with historical photos on telegraf.rs
Individual evidence
- ↑ Turističko područje Beograda: Geokarta , 2007, ISBN 86-459-0099-8
- ↑ Beograd - plan i vodič , 3rd edition, "Geokarta", 2007, ISBN 978-86-459-0297-2
- ↑ a b Martin Metzler: The steel structures for the bridges in the course of the new Belgrade – Pancevo railway line (see literature)
- ↑ Glas Javnosti - Pančevački most u očajnom stanju ( Memento from October 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ St. Szavits-Nossan: The Belgrade-Pančevo Railway Bridge. In: Schweizerische Bauzeitung , Volume 106, December 14, 1935, pp. 287–288
- ↑ Railway and road bridge over the Danube in Belgrade. In: Structurae
- ↑ Railway and road bridge over the Danube in Belgrade. In: Structurae