Okrug Sumadija

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Шумадијски округ
Šumadijski Okrug
Okrug Zapadna Bačka Okrug Severna Bačka Okrug Severni Banat Okrug Srednji Banat Okrug Južni Banat Okrug Južna Bačka Okrug Srem Okrug Pčinja Okrug Jablanica Okrug Pirot Okrug Toplica Okrug Zaječar Nišavski okrug Okrug Rasina Okrug Raška Okrug Zlatibor Okrug Moravica Okrug Šumadija Okrug Podunavlje Okrug Kolubara Belgrad Okrug Mačva Okrug Bor Okrug Braničevo Okrug Pomoravlje Okrug Peć Okrug Kosovo Okrug Kosovo-Pomoravlje Okrug Prizren Okrug Kosovska Mitrovica Okrug Kosovo-PomoravljeLocation in narrower Serbia
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State : Serbia
Area : 2,387 km²
Residents : 293,308 (2011)
Capital : Kragujevac
ISO 3166-2 : RS-12

Šumadija ( Serbian : Шумадијски округ, Šumadijski okrug ) is an administrative district in Serbia and at the same time a region, although the historical Šumadija region is significantly larger than the district. The name of this region is derived from the thick forest, as "Šuma" means in the Serbian forest . There are 312,160 inhabitants in the “administrative district” of Šumadija. The southern part of the Okrug Belgrade with the municipalities of Barajevo , Lazarevac , Mladenovac and Sopot is still considered part of the "region" Šumadija, but forms its own Okrug (district) with the capital Belgrade. The city of Kragujevac is the center of this region as well as the main administrative seat of the district.

It consists of the following municipalities ( opštine ):

The Šumadija is both a district and a region . The border of the Šumadija region is not clearly defined, as large areas outside the present-day region also count towards Šumadija. In general, the area between the rivers Danube , Sava , Great Morava , Western Morava (which together with the Southern Morava is a source river of the Great Morava) and the Kolubara is referred to as the Šumadija region, which includes large areas of the neighboring districts.

The following municipalities are included in the Šumadija region:

u. a.

- In the border area of ​​the Šumadija region there are the following municipalities, which are often included in Šumadija:

The eastern municipalities of the Šumadija region are also included in the Pomoravlje region (see Pomoravlje administrative district ), which is why the Šumadija and Pomoravlje regions are often referred to.

history

Approximate borders of the Šumadija region

In the Middle Ages, densely wooded Šumadija formed the border between the Serbian state and its northern neighbor, Hungary, for centuries . To the east were the Byzantine and Bulgarian empires alternately . In early medieval sources, the Šumadija is also mentioned as a Bulgarian or Greek forest or Bulgarian hinterland , etc. With the Serbs the area was often only called rujno , i.e. H. dark (in the sense of dark land).

While the small Serbian people were often unable to hold the more flat areas on the Danube and Sava against powerful neighbors like Byzantium or Hungary, the Šumadija offered sufficient protection from invasions from the north. In their dense forests, where it was allegedly night even during the day, large armies could not develop, and not infrequently these withdrew again. It was not until the 14th century that the Serbs were able to permanently push the border of their state up to the Danube, which means that the Šumadija has increasingly developed from a border region into a central area of ​​Serbia. When the Ottomans conquered the southern areas of the former Serbian Empire, Šumadija finally got its central location in Serbia, which it still has today. During the Ottoman rule, the Šumadija offered a certain amount of protection to numerous Serbian rebels , and the Šumadija Serbs also took part in every Serbian uprising . Finally, the uprisings in the 19th century led to a state of their own, all of which began in the Šumadija. But the Serbs did not only know how to lead the Šumadija uprising against the Ottomans: as the Serbian princes became increasingly absolutism , they enforced a parliamentary constitution in Serbia in 1839 and 1844, which severely restricted the power of the princes and later kings.

The Šumadija in the proposed administrative division of Serbia into regions

In the vicinity of Kragujevac there are several medieval monasteries and churches, such as Divostin and St. Nicholas (sv. Nikola), both from the 13th century, and the Draca monastery of as yet unknown age. What is certain is that these 3 monasteries already existed at the time of the battle on the Amselfeld in 1389. It was documented at the time that an enormous number of women, children and the elderly came to the monasteries to pray on the day of the battle and the days before it.

In the city of Kragujevac , which was also the first capital of Serbia in modern history, the first primary school south of the Sava and Drina rivers was founded in 1833. But this school, along with the city, has been suffering deeply for more than 50 years. In the Šumarice National Park there is a memorial to the children and teachers killed in the school during World War II. This happened on October 21, 1941, when the Nazis retaliated against the partisan attack that had previously occurred and executed over 7,300 residents on that day, including 300 pupils and 18 teachers from elementary school. For more information see the Kraljevo and Kragujevac massacres

Nowadays, Kragujevac is a modern industrial city in the heart of Serbia. The best-known company that has its origins here is the car brand Zastava , which had been supplying the whole of former Yugoslavia with cars since the 1950s , including the then popular Fića (actually Zastava 750, an earlier licensed version of the Fiat 600) and the Yugo .

A very large and popular health resort called Bukovička Banja has existed near the town of Aranđelovac since 1846 . Its iodine natural source is available to all guests in an open swimming pool. The famous Venčac marble , which is also named, is mined in nearby Venčac .

The Šumadija is rich in natural resources, such as B. four springs of cold primeval water and two thermal water areas, or mineral water springs such as that of "Knjaz Miloš", which was named after Prince Miloš Obrenović and is now the leading beverage manufacturer in Serbia.

At the time of the first Serbian uprising against the Ottomans, the city of Topola was the seat of Karađorđes , from where he organized the uprising (1811–1813). On the mountain Oplenac stands the monumental Church of St. George, built in the years 1910–1930 as a mausoleum of the royal dynasty Karađorđević .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.knjaz.co.yu

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