Parasha

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Parascha ( Hebrew פרשה , division , separation ; plural פרשות Paraschot or פרשיות Paraschiot or Paraschijot) is a reading section according to the Babylonian order in the Masoretic text of the Torah . According to the Palestinian order, the Torah is also divided into sections, called Sidra (Aramaic סדרא , order , plus the Hebrew plural סדרות , Sidrot).

Sabbath

On the Sabbath , the Torah is read as a continuous text. According to the weeks of the Jewish year (see Jewish calendar ), the Masoretic text was divided into 54 sections in the 3rd century AD. Therefore, a Parascha in German is also called a week period . The Sabbaths themselves are also referred to in Judaism after the names of the Paraschiot.

Following the Parascha, the Haftara , a text from the biblical books of prophets, is read aloud.

The cycle of Torah readings ends and begins on the Simchat Torah holiday ( “Joy of Torah” ), which is also the last day of the Jewish pilgrimage festival Sukkot ( “Feast of Tabernacles” ). If the year has fewer sabbaths than are necessary for 54 readings due to public holidays or switching regulations, two consecutive readings are given together.

history

In Talmudic times, relatively short pieces were read as weekly segments in the synagogues on Shabbat. In the Land of Israel, it took the churches three to three and a half years to read the entire Torah.

In the Babylonian exile, on the other hand, the year-long reading of the entire Torah prevailed; the weekly sections are accordingly much longer. These weekly periods are called Parascha.

Benjamin von Tudela , a Jewish traveler from the 12th century, observed synagogues with the Palestinian Sidrot (i.e. the three-year-old) and the Paraschiot in the Babylonian (i.e. the one-year) tradition in Alexandria with his very diverse Jewish life .

The Palestinian tradition has caught on with changes in many liberal and some conservative communities. Today the Palestinian Sedarim are assigned to the Babylonian Parschiot. Babylonian and Palestinian orders are harmonized; The entire Torah is read once in the course of three reading years, namely by reciting the Sidra of the respective reading year from the current Babylonian Parascha.

List of weekly segments

The paraschiot are named in Hebrew after the words they begin with or the first important term that appears in the text.

Bereshit (1st book of Moses - Genesis)

  • Bereschit בראשית "At the beginning" (Gen 1,1–6,8: 1 EU ; 2 EU ; 3 EU ; 4 EU ; 5 EU ; 6.1–8 EU )
  • Noach נח "Noah" (Gen 6.9–11.32: 6.9–22 EU ; 7 EU ; 8 EU ; 9 EU ; 10 EU ; 11 EU )
  • Lech Lecha לך לך "Go for you" (Gen 12.1–17.27: 12.1–20 EU ; 13 EU ; 14 EU ; 15 EU ; 16 EU ; 17 EU )
  • Wajera וירא "And it appeared" (Gen 18–22: 18 EU ; 19 EU ; 20 EU ; 21 EU ; 22 EU )
  • Chaje Sara חיי שרה "The Life of Sarah " (Gen 23.1-25.18: 23.1-20 EU ; 24 EU ; 25.1-18 EU )
  • Toledot תולדות "gender" (Gen 25.19–28.9: 25.19–34 EU ; 26 EU ; 27 EU ; 28.1–9 EU )
  • Wajeze ויצא "And he went out" (Gen 28.10–32.3: 28.10–22 EU ; 29 EU ; 30 EU ; 31 EU ; 32.1–3 EU )
  • Wajischlach וישלח "And he sent" (Gen 32.4–36.43: 32.4–33 EU ; 33 EU ; 34 EU ; 35 EU ; 36 EU )
  • Wajeschew וישב "And he lived" (Gen 37–40: 37 EU ; 38 EU ; 39 EU ; 40 EU )
  • Mikez מקץ "At the end" (Gen 41–44.17: 41 EU ; 42 EU ; 43 EU ; 44.1–17 EU )
  • Wajigasch ויגש "And he came up" (Gen 44.18-47.27: 44.18-34 EU ; 45 EU ; 46 EU ; 47.1-27 EU )
  • Wajechi ויחי "And he lived" (Gen 47.28–50.26: 47.28–31 EU ; 48 EU ; 49 EU ; 50 EU )

Sch'mot (2 Book of Moses - Exodus)

  • Schemot שמות "names" (Ex 1.1–6.1: 1 EU ; 2 EU ; 3 EU ; 4 EU ; 5 EU ; 6.1 EU )
  • Wa'era וארא "And I appeared" (Ex 6,2–9,35: 6,2–30 EU ; 7 EU ; 8 EU ; 9 EU )
  • Bo בא "Komm" (Ex 10.1–13.16: 10 EU ; 11 EU ; 12 EU ; 13.1–16 EU )
  • Beschalach בשלח "When he let go" (Ex 13.17–17.16: 13.17–22 EU ; 14 EU ; 15 EU ; 16 EU ; 17 EU )
  • Jitro יתרו "Jitro" (Ex 18.1-20.23: 18 EU ; 19 EU ; 20 EU )
  • Mischpatim משפטים "Rights" (Ex 21.1–24.18: 21 EU ; 22 EU ; 23 EU ; 24 EU )
  • Teruma תרומה "Hebopfer" (Ex 25.1-27.19: 25 EU ; 26 EU ; 27.1-19 EU )
  • Tezawe תצוה “You shall command” (Ex 27.20–30.10: 27.20–21 EU ; 28 EU ; 29 EU ; 30.1–10 EU )
  • Ki Tissa כי תשא "When you rise" (Ex 30.11–34.35: 30.11–33 EU ; 31 EU ; 32 EU ; 33 EU ; 34 EU )
  • Wajakhel ויקהל "And he gathered" (Ex 35.1–38.20: 35 EU ; 36 EU ; 37 EU ; 38.1–20 EU )
  • Pekude פקודי "The Counts" (Ex 38.21-40.38: 38.21-31 EU ; 39 EU ; 40 EU )

Wajikra (3rd book of Moses - Leviticus)

  • Wajikra ויקרא "And he called" (Lev 1,1-5,26: 1 EU ; 2 EU ; 3 EU ; 4 EU ; 5 EU )
  • Zaw צו "areas!" (Lev 6,1-8,36: 6 EU ; 7 EU ; 8 EU )
  • Schemini שמיני "eighth" (Lev 9,1-11,47: 9 EU ; 10 EU ; 11 EU )
  • Tasria תזריע "She receives" (Lev 12.1-13.59: 12 EU ; 13 EU )
  • Mezora מצורע "leper" (Lev 14.1-15.33: 14 EU ; 15 EU )
  • Achare Mot אחרי מות "After death" (Lev 16.1-18.30: 16 EU ; 17 EU ; 18 EU )
  • Kedoschim קדושים "saints" (Lev 19.1-20.27: 19 EU ; 20 EU )
  • Emor אמור "Sage" (Lev 21,1-24,23: 21 EU ; 22 EU ; 23 EU ; 24 EU )
  • Behar בהר "On the mountain" (Lev 25.1–26.2: 25 EU ; 26.1–2 EU )
  • Bechukotai בחוקותי "In my statutes" (Lev 26.3-27.34: 26.3-46 EU ; 27 EU )

Bemidbar (4th book of Moses - Numbers)

  • Bemidbar במדבר "In the desert" (Num 1,1–4,20: 1 EU ; 2 EU ; 3 EU ; 4.1–20 EU )
  • Nasso נשא "Erhebe" (Num 4,21–7,89: 4,21–49 EU ; 5 EU ; 6 EU ; 7 EU )
  • Beha'alotcha בהעלותך "When you light up" (Num 8,1-12,16: 8 EU ; 9 EU ; 10 EU ; 11 EU ; 12 EU )
  • Schelach Lecha שלח לך "Send!" (Num 13.1–15.41: 13 EU ; 14 EU ; 15 EU )
  • Korach קרח "Korach" (Num 16.1–18.32: 16 EU ; 17 EU ; 18 EU )
  • Chukkat חקת "Articles of Association" (Num 19.1–22.1: 19 EU ; 20 EU ; 21 EU ; 22.1 EU )
  • Balak בלק "Balak" (Num 22.2–25.9: 22.2–41 EU ; 23 EU ; 24 EU ; 25.1–9 EU )
  • Pinchas פינחס "Pinchas" (Num 25.10–30.1: 25.10–19 EU ; 26 EU ; 27 EU ; 28 EU ; 29 EU ; 30.1 EU )
  • Matot מטות "tribes" (Num 30.2–32.42: 30.2–17 EU ; 31 EU ; 32 EU )
  • Mass מסעי "Travel" (Num 33.1–36.13: 33 EU ; 34 EU ; 35 EU ; 36 EU )

Dewarim (5th book of Moses - Deuteronomy)

  • Dewarim דברים "Reden" (Dtn 1–3,22: 1 EU ; 2 EU ; 3.1–22 EU )
  • Waetchanan ואתחנן "And I begged" (Dtn 3,23–7,11: 3,23-29 EU ; 4 EU ; 5 EU ; 6 EU ; 7,1-11 EU )
  • Ekew עקב "If" (Dtn 7.12–11.25: 7.12–26 EU ; 8 EU ; 9 EU ; 10 EU ; 11.1–25 EU )
  • Re'eh ראה "See!" (Dtn 11.26–16.17: 11.26–32 EU ; 12 EU ; 13 EU ; 14 EU ; 15 EU ; 16.1–17 EU )
  • Schoftim שופטים "Richter" (Dtn 16.18–21.9: 16.18–22 EU ; 17 EU ; 18 EU ; 19 EU ; 20 EU ; 21.1–9 EU )
  • Ki Teze כי תצא "If you pull" (Dtn 21.10-25.19: 21.10-23 EU ; 22 EU ; 23 EU ; 24 EU ; 25 EU )
  • Ki Tawo כי תבוא "When you come" (Dtn 26-29.8: 26 EU ; 27 EU ; 28 EU ; 29.1-8 EU )
  • Nizawim ניצבים "You stand" (Dtn 29.9–30.20: 29.9–28 EU ; 30 EU )
  • Wajelech וילך "And he went" ( Dtn 31  EU )
  • Ha'asinu האזינו "Hear!" ( Dtn 32  EU )
  • Wesot Habracha וזאת הברכה "And this is the blessing" (Deut. 33–34: 33 EU ; 34 EU )

Holidays and fasting days

Web links