Pavel Petrovich Anosov

Pavel Petrovich Anosov (1851)

Pavel Petrovich Anossow ( Russian Павел Петрович Аносов * June 29 ^{. Jul} / 10. July  1796 ^greg. In Tver , † May 13. ^{. Jul} / 25. May  1851 ^{. Greg} in Omsk ) was a Russian mining engineer and metallurgist .

Life

Anosov, son of a minor official who died in 1809, was raised by his maternal grandfather Lev Fyodorowitsch Sabakin ( mechanic in the Kama factories in Izhevsk and Votkinsk ) together with his three siblings after the death of his father . Like his brother Peter, who died early, he joined the Bergbau-Kadetten-Korps-Institut ( St. Petersburg State Mining University ) in 1810 , where he soon stood out for his mathematical interests and skills.

After completing his studies in 1817 as a sub-lieutenant in the mining cadet corps , Anossow began his first job as an intern in the state-owned companies in Slatoust and looked after his two younger sisters. In 1819 he became supervisor of the jewelry department of the local arms factory and in 1821 assistant to the director. In 1824 he became managing director of the arms factory and finally in 1831 director and at the same time director of the mining authority. In the mining cadet corps he rose to general . From 1847 until his death in 1851 he was the director of the Altai mining operations and civil governor of Tomsk .

Anossow gained worldwide recognition for his publications on the production of iron and the rediscovery of the manufacturing process of Damascus steel . His findings formed the basis for understanding quality steels. He summarized the results of his studies in the monograph On Damascus Steel , which was immediately translated into German and French . In 1831 he was the first to use the light microscope to examine the structure of the steel . He systematically examined the effects of various alloying elements on steels, in particular those of gold , platinum , manganese , chromium , aluminum and titanium , and was the first to show that the properties of steels can be significantly influenced and improved by adding alloying elements. He developed a process for extracting gold from gold-bearing sands by melting the sands in a blast furnace. He replaced the harmful mercury - plating of blades in the factory with galvanization . Anossov's work was continued by PM Obukhov , who initiated significant production of cast steel and gun barrels .

In 1844 the University of Kazan elected him a Corresponding Member, and in 1846 he became an honorary member of the University of Kharkov .

Anossow left his wife Ann geb. Kononovna and nine children, of whom only his eldest daughter completed her education in St. Petersburg's Smolny Monastery during his lifetime . Despite the uncertainty of her situation, the widow decided to erect an appropriate funeral monument on his grave in Omsk . She made a sum possible for her available for production in the Yekaterinburg grinding plant, which was managed by one of Anosov's closest collaborators. But immediately all employees and acquaintances donated for the best possible design of the monument and made sure that it was realized. The authorities supported the orphaned family with a pension for the widow and an educational obligation for the children.

By decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1948, an Anosov monument was erected in Slatoust in 1954, and the Slatouster Industrial Technical Center was named after Anosov. The Russian Academy of Sciences awards the Anosow Metallurgy Prize for the best work every three years . Anossows name bear streets in Moscow , Zlatoust, Lipetsk , Chelyabinsk , Mariupol and Omsk as well as a station of the railway line from Zlatoust to Ufa . Anosov's picture was on the 10-Ural-Franc banknotes used in Sverdlovsk Oblast after the collapse of the USSR . The village of Anosowo near Shimanovsk was named after him. The playwright KW Skworzow dedicated the play We don't leave home to Anosow . In 1962, the Chersonese shipyard delivered the steam turbine freighter Metallurg Anosow to the Black Sea shipping company. This ship was one of the ships that were supposed to bring rockets to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 .

Honors

• Russian Order of Saint Anne 3rd Class ( personally awarded by Tsar Alexander I in 1824 )
• (Russian) Order of Saint Stanislaus 2nd class
• Russian Order of Saint Anne 2nd class
• Order of St. Vladimir 3rd class
• Gold Medal of the Moscow Agricultural Society

literature

• NA Mesenin: The Companions of the Ice . Metallurgija, Moscow 1972 (Russian).
• DA Prokoschkin : Pavel Petrovich Anosov . Nauka, Moscow 1971 (Russian).
• E. Zablotski: Mining Dynasties in Pre-Revolutionary Russia . In: Proceedings of the International Mining History Congress 2003 in Akabira , pp. 337-340.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ M. Glawazki, L. Daschkewitsch: Pawel Anosow - Known and Unknown . Nauka i Schisn No. 9, Moscow 2005 (Russian, accessed April 7, 2016).
2. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron : Anosow . St. Petersburg 1890–1907 (Russian, accessed April 8, 2016).
3. ↑ EM Sablozki: mining dynasty Anosows: Genealogical context (Russian, accessed on April 8, 2016).
4. ↑ NA Mesenin: interesting facts about the iron . In: Metallurgija, Moscow 1972, pp. 128–130 (Russian).
5. ↑ Where were the people buried in Omsk and what is now in these places \ (Russian, accessed April 8, 2016).
6. ↑ Slatoustowski Industrialny College Im. PP Anosowa (Russian, accessed April 8, 2016).
7. ↑ KW Skworzow: Sons of Glory . Sowetski Pisatel, Moscow 1988, ISBN 5-265-00423-8 , p. 561 (Russian).
8. ↑ Ship Stamp Metallurg Anosov (accessed April 8, 2016).

Web links

Commons : PP Anossow  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files