Peter Franz Noël

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Peter Franz von Noël (born September 24, 1738 in Mainz , † March 23, 1809 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German lawyer , a count , attorney and procurator at the Imperial Court of Justice , professor for German constitutional law at the University of Trier and privy councilor , chancellor and Envoy from Prince Constantine at Salm-Salm . Emperor Franz II ennobled him throughNobility letter of June 27, 1806.

Life

After studying law in Mainz and obtaining a license to practice law in Gießen , Noël, son of the Mainz wine merchant Franz Noël († 1753) and the Mainz citizen's daughter Johanna Margaretha Spanier († 1776), started a legal career in Wetzlar from 1765 . As an imperial councilor , lawyer and procurator, he worked there at the Imperial Court of Justice. In 1768 he became Count of the Palatinate . In Wetzlar he also held exercises for prospective lawyers to introduce them to the Reich Trial. Then he went to Trier , where he taught German constitutional law as a professor at the university.

From there he moved to the service of the Salm-Salm family in 1770 . As their privy councilor and chancellor, he led the government of the Principality of Salm-Salm to Senones . Noël soon made himself unpopular within the civil service by persuading the prince to require the lawyers of the Salmian civil service to learn the German language and to attend a German university for a year, including adequate knowledge of German constitutional law. When the ideas of freedom and popular sovereignty spread in the Principality of Salm-Salm as a result of the French Revolution , there were acts against the law and public order, in particular forest, hunting and customs offenses. The situation came to a head, so that Noël fled to Wetzlar in March 1790 as the head of the hated princely government. The revolutionary forces soon formed a “National Assembly”. This moved Constantine zu Salm-Salm in April 1790 to withdraw to his Westphalian rule Anholt . After the tension subsided a little, he and Noël returned to the principality. However, the prince and his court finally left the country on August 15, 1791, after it had become apparent that princely rule could not be restored. On March 2, 1793, the French National Convention decided to unite the Principality of Salm-Salm with France .

Prince Konstantin and Noël, who had settled in with his family at Haus Penekamp near Anholt, followed with interest the political ideas that developed in the mid-1790s to compensate the imperial princes " deposed " on the left bank of the Rhine through secularization of spiritual territories on the right bank of the Rhine . As a special envoy Salm-Salms, Noël traveled to the Rastatt Congress in 1797 to advocate that his sovereign be given a new right-bank imperial territory for the loss on the left bank of the Rhine. During the congress, Noël also took on the negotiating mandate for Duke Anne Emmanuel von Croÿ (1746-1803). He also represented various imperial princes at the Reichstag in Regensburg . Noël received diplomatic support from Princess Amalie Zephyrine von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen , a born Princess zu Salm-Kyrburg, who was on friendly terms with the leaders of French politics, in particular with the French Foreign Minister Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord and with Joséphine de Beauharnais , from 1796 wife of Napoleon Bonaparte , the first consul of France. She was able to successfully present the concerns of Salm-Kyrburg, Salm-Salm, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Croÿ there.

At the Treaty of Lunéville , the princes' claims for compensation finally manifested themselves in international law. Until 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss formulated the compensation for their loss of territory and property under Reich law. In this context, the Princely Houses Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg were able to restore their sovereignty from 1802 in the form of the jointly governed Principality of Salm in the areas of the former Munster offices of Bocholt and Ahaus . With Franz Xaver von Zwackh , the representative of the underage Prince Friedrich IV. Zu Salm-Kyrburg , Noël concluded a contract on October 9, 1802 about the joint government of both offices with all domains and income. As representative of Prince Konstantin zu Salm-Salm and office director, Noël again held a leading position in the Bocholt government . In 1806 the princes of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg sent him to Frankfurt am Main as their envoy to the Rhine Confederation .

Marriages and offspring

In his first marriage Noël married Maria Apollonia Straub (1736– ~ 1784) in Wetzlar, the widow of his colleague Adam Edmund Victor at the Imperial Court of Justice and daughter of the chief magistrate Vitus Gottfried Straub from Hattenheim in the Rheingau. From this marriage there were five daughters and four sons. Two perished in the Austrian military service in the 1790s, one entered the service of princely salmians like his father. This was Jeremias Gottfried von Noël (1768-1834), who rose to the position of Privy Councilor and Chamber Director in the Bocholt government. Some of Noël's daughters from his first marriage married princely officials, Maria Anna Ernestine (1771–1842) married Hofrat Franz Martin Walter, Maria Anna Louise (1776–1848) the forester Nicolaus Leopold Thelosen (1773–1821). The granddaughter of Jeremias Gottfried von Noël's first marriage was the teacher and Bochum school founder Henriette von Noël .

In his second marriage Noël married Marie Agnes Messier (1759-1836) in Senones in 1785, the daughter of the princely Salm-Salm'schen general occupant Hyacinthe Messier (1717-1791) and niece of the astronomer Charles Messier . This marriage resulted in the daughter Felicité (* 1786), who married the Countess Schönborn'schen Hofrat and central chancellery director Ludwig von Bäumen in Vienna, and the son Felix Hyazinth von Noël (1789-1856), who embarked on an officer career and initially for the Kingdom of Westphalia , from 1814 for the Grand Duchy of Baden . The daughter of son Felix was Mathilde Rüdt von Collenberg (1846–1921), wife of the State Commissioner Rudolf Rüdt von Collenberg-Eberstadt , activist of the German women's movement of the 19th century and founder of the Old Catholic women's movement.

literature

  • Peter Franz Noël . In: Friedrich Cast: South German noble hero . Second section, first volume: Historical and genealogical book of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Verlag der JF Cast'schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1843, p. 288 ( Google Books ).
  • Arthur Kleinschmidt : History of Arenberg, Salm and Leyen . Perthes, Gotha 1912, p. 133, footnote 5 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Manfred Wolf: The compensation of the Duke of Croy in connection with the secularization of the Principality of Münster . In: Westfälische Zeitschrift , 137 (1987), p. 132 ( PDF )
  2. ↑ Gisela Wilbertz : Richtschwert and poets wreath. Ancestors and relatives of the Bochum school founder Henriette von Noël (1833–1903) . In: Contributions to Westphalian family research , 45 (1987) p. 126 ff. ( PDF )
  3. ↑ Angela Bergis: A Baden missionary for Old Catholicism: Mathilde Freifrau Rüdt von Collenberg . In: Christians Today , 2005
personal data
SURNAME Noël, Peter Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Noël, Peter Franz von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, court count and procurator of the Reich Chamber of Commerce, professor for German constitutional law at the University of Trier and privy councilor, chancellor and envoy of Prince Konstantin zu Salm-Salm
DATE OF BIRTH September 24, 1738
PLACE OF BIRTH Mainz
DATE OF DEATH March 23, 1809
Place of death Frankfurt am Main