Nursing Chamber

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A care chamber is a corporation under public law in which members of the care professions are compulsory members by law. Nursing chambers are organized nationwide. Where there are care chambers, the federal states provide the legal framework in the respective health professions chamber laws or separate chamber laws. Legal supervision is the responsibility of the relevant federal state ministry. A care ring differs from a care chamber in that membership is voluntary.

Nursing chambers take on both the function of self-administration of their profession and, depending on the legislature's discretion, legitimate public tasks, in the fulfillment of which, according to prevailing case law, there is an increased interest of the community. In December 2018, the Lower Saxony Chamber of Nursing published a “report on the situation of the nursing professions in Lower Saxony”, in which it is emphasized that it is important to “be able to make well-founded and sustainable decisions in the interests of the caregivers and those to be cared for”. This makes it clear that the nursing chamber also sees itself as responsible for the interests of those to be nursed.

There are currently three care chambers in Germany: the Rhineland-Palatinate State Chamber of Nursing , the Schleswig-Holstein Chamber of Nursing and the Lower Saxony Chamber of Nursing .

goals and tasks

The Nursing Chamber pursues several goals. The top priority is to ensure appropriate professional nursing care based on current nursing science findings. This goes hand in hand with promoting quality assurance in nursing and using nursing science findings. On the other hand, it is important to promote the identification of the chamber members with their profession, to offer security for professional owners and to enable the self-administration of the profession of carers. The goals of a care chamber thus include the classic chamber-typical triad: professional representation, professional supervision and professional development.

The following tasks of a care chamber result from these goals:

  • Creation of uniform professional ethics and professional code,
  • Registration of all members of the nursing professions,
  • Advice to legislators, participation in legislative procedures and cooperation with public administration, interpretation of legal provisions, implementation of laws, preparation of expert reports,
  • Cooperation and maintenance of contacts with other national and international institutions in the healthcare sector,
  • Promotion, monitoring and recognition of professional development and advanced training, holding examinations, setting standards for training and practice,
  • Regulation of the expert activity and appointment of experts,
  • Arbitration work to settle disputes arising from the practice of the profession between the members or between them and third parties,
  • Intervene in disregard of professional ethics and professional code,
  • Information of the chamber members,
  • Collection and evaluation of job-related data and
  • Public relation.

The Ver.di union fundamentally doubts that care chambers can fulfill the hopes placed on them:

“The care chambers want to protect against improper care through professional regulations and [the] monitoring of professional duties. Violations should be sanctioned. There are already professional regulations in Hamburg, Bremen, Saarland and Saxony. For example, it says - I quote from the Saarland's professional code of conduct: 'Nursing professionals are obliged to practice their profession in accordance with the generally recognized state of nursing, medical and other related scientific findings.' A real goal. But how will that work? What if I work as a nurse in a hospital with a lack of staff at the back and front ? A professional code obliges employees without giving them the means and skills to influence or even change the framework conditions. It increases the pressure on the nursing staff instead of relieving them and giving responsibility where it belongs: to employers and politicians. [...]
Unions in the former GDR know that membership is compulsory. For us this is out of the question. It has to be a free decision where I organize myself. We rely on conviction, on the emancipation of adult people. "

history

For over 100 years, carers have been demanding self-management of their profession. Even Agnes Karll defined in 1903 at the inaugural meeting of the professional organization of nurses in Germany (BOKD) the first time the self-image of the nursing profession:

“We, who face life as independent, self-responsible people, are to blame if we do not seek and help pave the way for legal channels in order to become capable of our life's work. Who should build up our profession if we don't do it ourselves. "

- Agnes Karll

In the seventies of the 20th century, nurses again spoke out in favor of self-administration, in particular for the establishment of a chamber for nursing professions. At the 4th National Congress for Nursing in Hamburg in 1981, nurses first formulated the dilemma of nursing that arises when their profession was foreign to them. As justification, they cited the doctors' delegation of activities, a lack of adequate changes to the position plan or training program, and a lack of clarification of diffuse legal situations.

The Munich Nursing Workers Working Group (AMP) was founded in the mid-1980s . She campaigned for better working conditions and better pay for carers. Together with trade unions and nursing associations, she demonstrated nationwide for fundamental changes in content and the self-administration of the nursing profession. At the delegates' meeting of the federal committee of the working groups of teaching nurses and teaching nurses, senior nurses also plead in 1989 for the establishment of nursing chambers. In the early 1990s, the split group Munich nurses in the nursing union and the development association establishing a foster chamber in Bayern. V. Support associations and initiative groups have also been formed in almost all federal states.

On February 11, 1995, the round table for the establishment of care chambers was established. He networked all the sponsoring associations that had been founded up to that point and the nursing associations that helped found the chamber. In 1997 this became part of the National Conference for the Establishment of Nursing Chambers in Germany , which has since cooperated with the care- political umbrella organization, the German Nursing Council founded in 1998 . In his Strausberg Declaration of August 31, 2004, he appealed to politicians to start setting up nursing chambers at the state and federal level for professional carers. Ten years later, on 19 December 2014, was Landespflege chamber Rheinland-Pfalz being with the first care of Appeal of the Rhineland-Palatinate state parliament built. This was followed by the Schleswig-Holstein Chamber of Nursing Professions on July 15, 2015 and the Lower Saxony Chamber of Nursing on December 14, 2016 .

Current situation in Germany

Due to the federal constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany , the self-administration of the health professions in the form of chambers falls under the responsibility of the federal states . Each federal state has its own law on the Chamber of Health Professions (HKG). The HKG of the respective federal state forms the basis for the structure and organization of the chambers as a corporation under public law. Several state care chambers can merge to form a federal care chamber .

Confusingly, political parties are currently (as of January 2019) positioning themselves differently on the topic of care chambers depending on the federal state: In most countries, the SPD supports care chambers, in Berlin, however, according to the SPD, there should be no care chamber. There, as in North Rhine-Westphalia, the CDU is one of the driving forces behind the establishment of a care chamber, while in other countries the CDU rejects the institution of a care chamber. The FDP is in principle against care chambers, but supports these institutions in North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. In Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, plans regarding the establishment of care chambers have been discontinued. Employers' associations and trade unions position themselves predominantly against the establishment of care chambers.

The decision as to whether there is a care chamber in a country and (if so) how it is structured and what tasks it has to fulfill in detail is made by the majority of the members of the parliament of the country concerned.

Federal level

The starting shot for the establishment of this federal working group was given during the German Nursing Day in March 2016. There, the National Conference for the Establishment of Nursing Chambers in Germany handed over the responsibility for the establishment to the German Nursing Council . The German Nursing Council decided to set up a founding conference for a federal nursing chamber together with the Rhineland-Palatinate regional nursing chamber . The founding conference is to make preparations with the existing chambers and initiatives in the federal states within a year in order to form a federal nursing chamber as the future central organization of nursing self-administration. All of these processes are important insofar as they put pressure on politicians, who are the only ones authorized to make binding resolutions on care chambers.

Country level

Baden-Württemberg

The establishment of a care chamber in Baden-Württemberg was discussed on July 10, 2014 in the social committee of the state parliament. Bärbl Mielich , Member of the State Parliament and chairman of the committee , invited representatives of the State Care Council. In conversation they opened up another perspective on the subject of the nursing chamber. The talks and discussions are to be continued. However, this is not enough for the Provincial Care Council. In a petition Yes - to the nursing chamber in Baden-Württemberg , he collected around 16,500 signatures for the establishment of a chamber between December 2014 and February 2015. They handed this over to Minister Katrin Altpeter on March 5 , who advocates self-administration for nursing staff. After 68 percent of the survey participants voted in favor of the establishment of a nursing care chamber in spring 2018, the state government declared its intention to tackle specific plans.

Bavaria

According to a survey by the ministry, 50 percent of nurses have spoken out in favor of a chamber in recent years (see final report of the survey, p. 14). Melanie Huml (State Minister for Health and Care, CSU) offers care, against massive resistance (demonstration with 2500 carers in front of the Ministry in Munich 2016), a care ring or interest group of carers. The BLPR (Bay Arge) is clearly against this solution. The construct is advertised with voluntary membership and funding from the state of Bavaria. The membership structure should not consist exclusively of care workers. Due to the dependency on the finances of politics, this solution is also considered not free from external influences and not as a pure representation of the interests of the care recipients and carers.

The Association of Nurses in Bavaria was founded on October 24, 2017 . The voluntary association of carers, as a public corporation, is to be responsible, among other things, for professional supervision in the Free State instead of a state maintenance chamber, which would have been mandatory for all carers. In addition, it is intended to improve the quality of care with the help of advanced training. Whether an institution without compulsory membership has democratic legitimation for the measures it has ordered is a matter of dispute among lawyers.

Berlin

Berlin is the first federal state in which a trade union interest group , namely the DBB Beamtenbund and Tarifunion , supported the establishment of a care chamber. Accordingly, the DBB Berlin wants to work towards the establishment of a nursing chamber in relation to the Berlin Senate. Berlin employer representatives, however, vehemently oppose the establishment of a care chamber. Unlike their Berlin colleagues in 2013, in 2019 the officials of the Lower Saxony Association of Officials are of the opinion that "[with] the Chamber [...] a construct [was] created [which] has neither acceptance by the members nor real competencies."

In the period between November 2014 and March 2015, the Alice Salomon University carried out a representative study on the acceptance of the establishment of a chamber, funded by the Senate Department for Health and Social Affairs.

The results of the study were marked by great approval: 58.8 percent of those questioned were in favor of establishing a care chamber, only 17.1 percent against. Nevertheless, the Berlin Senate is not pushing any plans to establish a nursing care chamber.

Brandenburg

In 2013, the CDU opposition in the state parliament called for a care chamber for Brandenburg . One should follow the example from other federal states and initiate a survey of the professionals on the subject. In addition, it should be checked whether a joint Berlin / Brandenburg care chamber can be formed. However, the state government rejected the application.

In April 2014, the CDU and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen as well as the ruling parliamentary group from the SPD and DIE LINKE again submitted their proposals to the state parliament. The government approved the request from the SPD and DIE LINKE, which initially called for an information campaign to educate and sensitize nurses to a questionnaire on the nursing chamber.

In parallel to the parliamentary process, the Brandenburg Nursing Chamber was founded, which collects signatures for a chamber as part of a petition.

A decision is not expected before the 2019 state elections.

Bremen

At the beginning of 2012, the Bremen Nursing Council received over 1,000 signatures from nurses for the establishment of a nursing chamber in Bremen. According to this, 70 to 75 percent of the nursing staff demand the establishment of a nursing chamber.

In a draft for the Bremen care offensive dated September 20, 2011, the federal state undertook to review the possibility of setting up and the legality of a care chamber. The vast majority of professional carers rated the establishment of a care chamber at the kick-off event for the Bremen care offensive as the highest priority. This is the only way to achieve the goal of ensuring a high quality and needs-based care landscape in Bremen. In the draft of May 15, 2012 of the agreement on the Bremen care offensive against the shortage of skilled workers, the subject of the nursing chamber then slipped to the bottom of the list of priorities, without taking the will of the professional caregivers into account.

The CDU submitted again for the citizenship debate on July 11, 2012 the application for examination of a care chamber. However, this was rejected by the opposition in the state parliament on the grounds that it would not endanger the existence of the Chamber of Employees, in which all employees (except civil servants) are compulsory members in Bremen. The examination of a care chamber disappeared from the political scene.

Hamburg

November 21, 2006 it is in Hamburg the development association to set up a maintenance chamber in Hamburg e. V., which has set itself the goal of setting up a nursing chamber in Hamburg and thus to secure and improve the health care of citizens.

In June 2013, the parliamentary group of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen introduced a motion to the state parliament to examine the introduction of a Hamburg care chamber. In addition, a representative survey is to be carried out among the nursing staff with the question of whether they would fundamentally support the establishment of a nursing chamber in Hamburg. According to this survey, carried out between September and December 2013, only 36 percent of those questioned were in favor of a care chamber, 48 percent rejected it, 16 percent could not or did not want to make a decision.

As a result, Hamburg's Senator for Health Cornelia Prüfer-Storcks declared that she would not set up a care chamber.

Hesse

In its coalition agreement for the 19th electoral period from 2014 to 2019, the Hessian government coalition made up of the CDU and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen will examine the establishment of a care chamber with the participation of those affected.

As early as 2001, Barbara Stolterfroht ( SPD ) , member of the state parliament, asked the state government how it stood with regard to the establishment of care chambers. The state government answered the question insofar as the opinion-forming process was not yet completed. In addition to the tasks, the technical prerequisites and the legal options for establishing a chamber for nursing professions are examined.

A position paper from the Care Advisory Board on the establishment of a chamber for care professions in Hesse from 2007 is available on the same topic. In summary, a care chamber is the logical and absolutely necessary consequence when it comes to ensuring the health and care of all people in need. However, the professional carers make an appropriate decision.

In response to a small request from MPs Neuschäfer and Weiß ( SPD ) on June 5, 2014, the state government also stated that the lack of professional expertise in politics and the associated therewith was named as a key argument for the establishment of care chambers in the statements of the professional associations Deficits in the further development of the nursing profession.

The Hessian Ministry for Social Affairs and Integration does not agree with this line of argument. It takes the position that the Care Advisory Board set up by decree of February 12, 1996 would offer the actors sufficient opportunity to participate within the framework of legislation, quality standards and opportunities for recognition.

The subject of the nursing chamber was repeatedly the subject of the advisory board meetings, most recently on March 6, 2013. In 2014, only 36 percent of those questioned supported the establishment of a nursing chamber.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , the SPD and CDU parliamentary groups submitted an application to the state parliament in 2012 to examine the establishment of a care chamber. However, this was withdrawn under pressure from employers.

On February 20, 2014, the Minister for Labor, Equal Opportunities and Social Affairs, Birgit Hesse , wrote a letter to employees in the care sector. In it she announced her plan to have a study on the situation of the nursing professions carried out by an external representative. The results obtained in this way are intended to support decisions to ensure high-quality care in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

In this context, the opinion of the nurses on the establishment of a nursing chamber was asked. 73 percent of those surveyed voted for a nursing chamber between February and May 2015, 16 percent reject it and 11 percent are undecided, as it became known on December 2, 2015. This is the second highest approval for the establishment of a care chamber of all country surveys after Rhineland-Palatinate. The DBfK is now calling on the state government to immediately begin complying with the professional group's request.

Lower Saxony

In Lower Saxony on December 12, 2016, the Lower Saxony State Parliament decided to set up a care chamber.

The association for the establishment of a nursing chamber in Lower Saxony has existed since September 29, 1998 . V. from Schortens , which has set itself the goal of promoting the safeguarding and improvement of public health care for citizens in Lower Saxony and the establishment of a care chamber in Lower Saxony.

In February 2010 the parliamentary groups of the SPD and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen submitted two motions to the state parliament from the opposition , which concern the care chamber. On the recommendation of the Committee on Social Affairs, Women, Family, Health and Integration, the state parliament approved the SPD's motion to increase the attractiveness of the care professions - establish a care chamber . In it, this calls on the state government to present a concept for the establishment of a Lower Saxony care chamber.

In the following, the state commissioned an expert opinion to review the legality of the establishment of a care chamber. In essence, the expert comes to the conclusion that an institution is lawful if the state legislature finds that the requirements for the establishment of a care chamber are met. Furthermore, on behalf of the Ministry of Social Affairs , Infratest dimap carried out a representative survey of 1,039 nursing professionals from Lower Saxony from November 2012 to January 2013. The result was a differentiated picture. The vast majority (67 percent) were initially in favor of establishing a care chamber. Only 42 percent of those surveyed agree to compulsory membership with compulsory contributions. The Lower Saxony Nursing Chamber is currently under severe criticism. Many nurses in Lower Saxony are demanding at the turn of the year 2018/2019 to dissolve the nursing chamber again, but at least to abolish compulsory membership in it and the associated compulsory contributions.

North Rhine-Westphalia

In North Rhine-Westphalia , the association has set up a care chamber in NRW e. V. founded on September 20, 1997 in Lemgo . He set himself the goal of securing and improving public health care for citizens in North Rhine-Westphalia, in particular the establishment of a care chamber.

The association develops information media, informs society and the specialist public and in this context supports the petition Nursing Chamber of North Rhine-Westphalia NOW! of the health and nurse Jan Wollermann. From April to July, 42,303 supporters signed this petition, which was presented to the public health spokesman for the parliamentary groups on September 15, 2015 as part of a political talk in Düsseldorf . Even if the required 45,000 signatures were not achieved, several parties have already commented on the care chamber in North Rhine-Westphalia.

Motions from the CDU , the SPD and the Greens were brought to the Landtag Presidium in Düsseldorf, all of which deal with the North Rhine-Westphalia Nursing Chamber. In summary, the question is formulated what the professional group stands for the establishment of a care chamber.

At the end of August 2018, Karl-Josef Laumann, as Minister, opened the official information process. In October 2018 there is to be a representative survey of registered nurses in North Rhine-Westphalia, the results of which will be presented to the public "at the beginning of 2019". It is asked whether the nursing staff in North Rhine-Westphalia want a special interest representation and whether this should take the form of a nursing chamber or - as in Bavaria - a voluntary nursing ring. How to deal with the results of the survey is to be decided in the state parliament.

In the survey conducted among 1,500 nursing professionals, 79% were in favor of establishing a nursing chamber in North Rhine-Westphalia. Membership would be binding for all registered nurses. In addition to the representation of the nursing staff, the professionalization and academization, the available resources and the remuneration of the nursing services are considered as topics. Employee and employer representatives were critical.

Rhineland-Palatinate

The first nursing chamber in Germany started its work on January 1st, 2016 in Rhineland-Palatinate . According to her own information, she represents the interests of around 40,000 nursing staff. In addition to the members of the three nursing professions, the trainees in nursing and geriatric care are also voluntary members with full voting rights. With 21 seats, the joint list of professional associations DPO / komba holds the majority of the votes.

Saarland

Compared to other federal states, the Saarland has a special situation that can only be compared with that in the state of Bremen. All employees are compulsory members of the Saarland Chamber of Labor . If a nursing chamber is established, the nursing staff would have to pay double contributions.

In a statement dated November 3, 2014, the Chamber of Labor, the DGB and the Verdi union reject a care chamber for the Saarland. In return, they propose to set up a Care Unit and a separate Care Committee of the Representative Assembly and to strengthen the position of care in the public.

However, the Saarland State Care Council rejects these steps. One argument was that it is not the task of the Chamber of Labor to represent the professional interests of professional carers.

The position for a nursing officer advertised on June 1, 2015 led the Saarland nursing council to terminate the nursing dialogue, in which numerous organizations have been dealing with the question of whether a nursing chamber should be created in Saarland since 2012.

In November 2015, the chairman of the health committee of the Saarland state parliament confirmed that there would be no nursing chamber for the Saarland nursing staff in the near future. The state government wants to wait for the experiences with the state maintenance chamber in Rhineland-Palatinate first. However, the topic should be addressed again in 2016 in the health committee.

Saxony

The result of discussions between the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Care Council was a nationwide survey of care workers in Saxony as well . This was suggested by politics in order to create a broad basis for further action. In this study from November 2010 to March 2011, 69.8 percent were in favor of establishing a care chamber. However, only 19.73 percent of all respondents returned the questionnaires.

The chairman of the Saxon Nursing Council Konrad Schumann presented the results of the basic survey to the Saxon State Minister for Social Affairs and Consumer Protection Ms. Christine Clauß on September 29, 2011 . Further talks were announced in 2016. There are no plans to set up a nursing chamber in Saxony in 2019.

Saxony-Anhalt

The state government in Saxony-Anhalt was asked by the state parliament on June 5, 2013 to write a report on the pros and cons of setting up a care chamber. The government submitted this report on August 6, 2015.

The DBfK, however, considers the recommendation of the CDU parliamentary group in Saxony-Anhalt to initiate further representative surveys in the professional group to be superfluous, since positive results are already available from numerous representative surveys. In Saxony-Anhalt there are no plans to set up a nursing chamber in 2019.

Schleswig-Holstein

In Schleswig-Holstein, the state parliament decided on July 15, 2015 to set up a chamber of nursing professions. The second care chamber in a federal state is thus being established. Minister Kristin Alheit ( SPD ) appointed professionals to the so-called establishment committee, which prepares the convening of the first elected chamber assembly.

Thuringia

In the state of Thuringia there are currently no efforts to create a care chamber. According to the coalition agreement of the governing parties, a care chamber should be set up if the actors concerned demand this and if it helps to strengthen the professional field of care.

Nursing chambers in Europe

Outside of Germany there are a large number of models of professional self-administration of care. The oldest care chamber in Europe dates back to 1918 and was founded in Great Britain. More recent foundings took place in Portugal in 1998, in Slovakia in 2002 and in France in 2010. In addition to the care chambers mentioned, there are others in Denmark, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Hungary and Cyprus. Care chambers can therefore be found in numerous European legal systems.

Web links

literature

  • Heinrich Hanika: Nursing Chambers in a European Context. In: Health Professions Science. 3, 2012, p. 6. (online)
  • Gerhard Igl: Further public law regulation of the nursing professions and their activities. German Nursing Council V., Verlag Urban und Vogel, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-89935-256-6 .
  • Mario Martini: The Nursing Chamber - administrative policy sense and legal admissibility. Duncker & Humblot Publishing House, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-428-14093-0 .
  • Robert Roßbruch: On the legal admissibility of care chambers with special consideration of the aspects of compulsory membership, pension scheme, delegation of tasks and their usefulness. In: Care law. 9, 2013, pp. 530-542. (on-line)

Individual evidence

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Remarks

  1. Schleswig-Holstein: Nursing Professions Law