Philipp Ernst Spieß

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Philipp Ernst Spieß (born May 27, 1734 in Ettenstatt in Middle Franconia , † March 26, 1794 in Bayreuth ) was a German historian , archivist , officer and publicist .

Life and work

Spieß attended high school in Ansbach from 1746 and studied law in Jena from 1752 , but was unable to complete the course. Due to his enormous height, he was conscripted into the margravial army during a visit to his family in 1754. In 1762, Spieß became a lieutenant . In addition to his service, he continued to educate himself in constitutional law, literature, history and languages. Again and again spit was to investigate and order work to Secret Hausarchiv to Kulmbach on the Plassenburg sent.

Margrave Christian Friedrich Karl Alexander introduced the now the lieutenant carried skewer 1769 archivist for the Secret Archive House of Hohenzollern on the Plassenburg in Kulmbach on. From 1770 he held the title of Hochfürstlich-Brandenburgischer würklicher government council and the foremost secret archivist in Plassenburg . Margrave Karl Alexander gave Spieß two more archivists, an archive secretary, an archive clerk and an archive clerk.

Spieß arranged the holdings at the Plassenburg and researched the history of the Hohenzollern family and the empire in this archive. He created new working techniques and theories on archiving. Securing and supplementing the existing archive material was important to him, he restricted the sale of waste paper to merchants and the sale to the army for the manufacture of cartridges. He wanted to supervise all the registries of the two Franconian margravate in order to secure important material for the archives. With his colleagues, he created registers, finding aids and copies of numerous archival documents and compiled them thematically as transcripts, including a so-called diplomatic flower picking , without tearing the original archive documents out of their context and, as usual, arranging them according to subject matter (pertinence principle). In his writings he advocated filing the archives according to a file plan and arranging the documents as they were originally received. With this, Spieß anticipated the principle of provenance that is common in archives today .

Spieß unmasked numerous documents as forgeries of earlier centuries and also published his methods of proving the inauthenticity of documents. As a result of this work and research, he published numerous writings on archiving , document doctrine or diplomacy and history. Together with his employer, Margrave Alexander, he is considered one of the founders of modern monument protection . From 1783 he brought out the archival ancillary work and news with mixed content with documents, the first German journal on document teaching and archiving. All of his work and publications gave him a high degree of fame in the learned world and archivists and princely administrations from all over the empire came into contact with him and asked them to explain the effective structure and sensible management of a large archive inventory. From 1777 on, Spieß trained the envoys from several principalities in diplomacy, archiving and palaeography . He was invited by cities, aristocratic families, royal and ruling houses to sift through their archives and make suggestions for their order and administration, for example with Emperor Joseph II in Vienna and with King Friedrich II of Prussia in Berlin. Due to a serious illness, Spieß moved from Kulmbach to Bayreuth near the Margravial Court in 1790 , where he was now primarily responsible for the Bayreuth Secret Archives . Together with the Bayreuth publisher Hacker, Spieß published his autobiography in 1794 under the title Life of Mr. Phil. Ernst Spieß, which he wrote by hand . A large part of the Secret House Archive of the Plassenburg that he edited is now in the Bamberg State Archives .

In 1783 he was admitted as a foreign member to the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and in 1792 to the Prussian Academy of Sciences .

Works

  • Additional archival work , 2 volumes, Hall 1763–65
  • Enlightenment in History and Diplomatics , Bayreuth 1791
  • Bulla aurea Rudolfi. I. Romanorum regis, quae Plassenburgi in archivo Brandenburgico asservatur - exhibita et descripta additis quibusdam ad sphragisticam annotationibus a Philippo Ernesto Spies , Bayreuth 1774
  • Something from the report of a trip to Vienna in 1785 , Bayreuth without the year (after 1785)
  • History of the Imperial nine-year federation from 1535 to 1544 as a new phenomenon in the history of the German Empire , Erlangen 1788
  • Life circumstances of Mr. Phil. Ernst Spieß written by him personally , Bayreuth 1794
  • From archives , hall 1777. ( digitized )
  • From Reuter seals. Handbook of Sphragistics , 3 volumes, Hall 1784

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Pierer's Universal-Lexikon, Volume 16. Altenburg 1863, p. 552
  2. ↑ The Bamberg State Archives still contain the breastplate known as the "ring collar", part of the uniform of Lieutenant Spieß, who deposited it in the Plassenburg Secret House Archive in 1771. Archived copy ( memento of the original dated August 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gda.bayern.de
  3. ↑ And while the archivist Philipp Ernst Spieß was probably the only one who tried in 1777 to derive an order from the form and content of the material itself, the majority of his colleagues who dared to come up with theoretical suggestions, such as Friedrich Bernhard Zinkernagel, pleased themselves (1800) or Josef Anton Oegg (1804) in constructing the ultimate ordering scheme in a deductive way . http://www.landesarchiv-bw.de/web/47729
  4. ↑ A flower picking, Latin Florilegium , corresponds to an anthology in the 18th century in the area of ​​administration and the state and archival system
  5. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated February 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.archiv.sachsen.de
  6. ↑ In 1778 Spieß unmasked all of the Burgbernheimer privileges available on the Plassenburg as the birth of a simple-minded diplomatic fraudster, and their confirmation by Emperor Ferdinand II as sneaked http://emmert.homepage.t-online.de/faelschungen1.htm  ( page no longer available , Search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / emmert.homepage.t-online.de  
  7. ↑ Much of it can be found in the holdings of the Thuringian Main State Archives in Weimar http://www.b2i.de/fabian?Thueringisches_Hauptstaatsarchivs_Weimar
  8. ↑ Spieß is responsible for two tenders from the margrave for monument protection from 1771 and 1780. Hammer, Felix: The historical development of monument law in Germany , Tübingen 1993, p. 38 f.
  9. ↑ Philipp Ernst Spieß: Something from the report of a trip to Vienna in 1785 in: ArchBayreuthG 1, Heft 3, 1830, pp. 141-146
  10. ^ Max Döllner : Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933 . 1950; 2nd edition, Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1978, ISBN 3-87707-013-2 , p. 83
  11. ^ Members of the previous academies. Philipp Ernst Spieß. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on June 18, 2015 .

See also

personal data
SURNAME Spieß, Philipp Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian, archivist, officer and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH May 27, 1734
PLACE OF BIRTH Ettenstatt near Ansbach
DATE OF DEATH March 26, 1794
Place of death Bayreuth