Pyotr Martynovich Aleinikov

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Pyotr Aleinikov (1937)

Pyotr Martynowitsch Aleinikow ( Russian Пётр Мартынович Алейников * 29 . Jul / 12. July  1914 . Greg in Kriwel, Shklow District , Russian Empire ; † 9. June 1965 in Moscow ) was a Soviet theater - and film - actor .

Life and accomplishments

Pyotr Aleinikov was the third child of a poor peasant family. His father died after falling into the Dnieper at a pneumonia , was as Pyotr about five years old, his mother followed him shortly afterwards. In 1932 his older sister Katerina and brother Nikolai also died.

Aleinikov left home at the age of 10 and initially went begging. Then he got a boarding school place and was able to attend school. The friendship with a projectionist gave Aleinikov the desire to become an actor. Because of this, he fled the boarding school to Moscow , but was stopped at the train station and taken to a special home. He was able to develop his talent for the first time in the theater group there. After moving to Mogilev in the late 1920s, Aleinikov founded his own drama group there. It was here that the director and actor Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Kumelski (1884-1939) became aware of him, but according to an anecdote, Sergei Kirov Aleinikow is said to have motivated him to pursue a professional acting career. In 1930 Aleinikov moved to Leningrad , where he settled in the Ochra district and, on presentation of a letter of recommendation from the management of the home, obtained a place at the Institute of Performing Arts . Here he made friends with Georgi Schschonow , who also supported him materially. In 1932 Aleinikov made his film debut in an unlisted role as a young worker in Встречный ( Wstretschny ). Two years later he shot Крестьяне ( Krestjane ) with co-director Friedrich Ermler . In the same year Sergei Gerasimow engaged the young actor for a small supporting role in Люблю ли тебя? ( Ljublju li tebja? ). Aleinikov fell in love with the main actress of the film, his fellow student Tamara Fyodorovna Makarova (1907-1997), who, however, had a relationship with Gerasimow, which Aleinikov shook badly. In 1935 he completed his training and in the following year played his first major role as a cook in The Seven Bold , again under Gerassimov's direction and at Makarowa's side. Aleinikow gained the reputation of a charmer and talented comedy actor through this commitment. He was regularly seen in films until 1950 and stood for City of Youth - Komsomolsk (1938), Непобедимые ( Nepobedimyje , 1942) and Большая земля ( Bolschaja semlja , 1944) in front of the camera three more times for Gerasimov. Another success in Aleinikov's career was The Great Life (1939/40). During the filming, he developed a lifelong friendship with Boris Andreev . In Шуми, городок ( Schumi, gorodok , 1939) Aleinikov was seen for the first time as the main actor, again shortly afterwards in The Wonder Horse (1941). Aleinikov's wife Valentina and his son Taras also worked here as extras. During the German-Soviet War he also appeared in several war films , including two leading roles. The dark-haired mime was one of the most popular actors in Soviet cinema at the time, but was increasingly committed to the role of the funny and light-footed hot spur with both audiences and filmmakers.

1946 Aleinikow tried on a change of image and set, the offer of director Leo Arnstam following in Glinka the Russian national poet Alexander Pushkin . However, the audience did not take Aleinikow in this role seriously, so that he even asked his name from the credits to to brush. This failure as well as the accused lack of discipline and his alleged tendency towards alcohol ensured only a few film offers in the next few years, between 1950 and 1955 he did not take any engagements. Aleinikov's hope to be taken seriously even in demanding roles was not fulfilled until shortly before his death. During the film break of several years, the man in his mid-thirties earned his living from, among other things, small theater appearances, but he spent a large part of his time walking in the Moscow zoo . Although he made a comeback with Земля и люди ( Semlja i ljudi , 1955) and he remained abstinent while filming, his decline could not be stopped. Aleinikow had to undergo a leg operation and in the early 1960s one of his lungs was removed due to pleurisy , which further worsened his physical condition.

In his early 50s, he was offered the lead in Утоление жажды ( Utolenije schaschdy , 1966), a film about the construction of the Karakum Canal , generously supported by the local authorities . This project was of great importance for Aleinikow, as his daughter Arina had been hired as the leading actress and his son Taras was also to play a small role. He worked very meticulously during the shoot and thus encouraged his colleagues. However, the exposure led to the ultimate collapse in health. He died about a month before his 51st birthday in Moscow, his body was laid out in the theater of the movie actors. Boris Andrejew urged Moscow mayor Vladimir Fyodorowitsch Promyslow to ensure that Aleinikov was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery according to his wishes and even made the grave site in section 6 of the cemetery available to him as a people 's artist himself . Andreyev himself was later buried in the Vagankovo ​​cemetery .

Honors

On April 14, 1944, Aleinikov received the Decoration of Honor of the Soviet Union for his role in Во имя Родины ( Wo imja Rodiny , 1943) and in the same year was awarded "for successful work in the field of Soviet film during World War II and the publication of valuable works "appreciated.

In 1967 he was posthumously awarded the Best Actor Award for Утоление жажды at the Filmmakers' Competition of the Central Asian Republics and Kazakhstan . Said role also brought him a special award at the III. All Union Film Festival 1968 in Leningrad.

In 1974, Nikita Vladimirovich Orlov made the film Пётр Мартынович и годы большой жизни ( Pyotr Aleinikow i gody bolschoi schisni ) about Aleinikov. In 1995 his work was the subject of the television program В поисках утраченного ( W poiskach utratschennogo ), and in 2006 an episode of the multi-part documentary series Как уходили кумиры ( Kak uchodili kumiry ) was dedicated to him. In 2008 and 2009 the documentaries Петр Алейников were also published. Неправильный герой ( Pyotr Aleinikow. Neprawilny geroi ) and Пётр Алейников. Жестокая, жестокая любовь ( Pyotr Aleinikov. Schestokaya, Schestokaya Lyubov ).

personality

Aleinikov enjoyed a bad reputation, especially among filmmakers, as he was considered undisciplined and uncontrollable. While working on Случай в вулкане ( Slutschai w wulkane , 1940), he is said to have stretched his bare bottom towards one of the directors. During the shooting of Морской батальон ( Morskoi batalon , 1944), the use of violence by the director Alexander Fainzimmer was necessary to curb Aleinikov. Shortly thereafter, the actor assaulted his lover Lidija at the time. Because of his behavior, he missed several roles over the years, including in Admiral Nakhimov (1947) and Company Planquadrat 45 (1956).

According to his fellow student Georgi Schschonow, he and Aleinikow occasionally earned a living through criminal acts in the early 1930s. In addition, Schschonow himself and Ivan Kuznetsov are said to have been leaders of a clique within the institute for the performing arts , between which Aleinikov always wavered. Conflicts are also said to have often arisen from among these groups.

Compared to Bulat Bogautdinowitsch Mansurow (1937-2011), the director of Утоление жажды, Aleinikow described himself as shy, but Schschenow also attested him a penchant for jealousy and generosity bordering on waste.

Aleinikow was very attached to his family, but was not a domestic person and always lived out his inclination for the unbound and spontaneous, which ultimately stood in the way of normal family life. As a result of his mental crisis, which followed his successes in the 1930s and early 1940s, he left his wife and children. On the other hand, he always spent a lot of time with his friend Boris Andrejew, their pranks together caused some public attention. Aleinikov has also been arrested several times.

His supposedly enormous alcohol consumption also contributed to his bad reputation, to which his physical complaints, which have occurred at least since the early 1960s, are attributed. The actress Tatiana Kirillowna Okunewskaja (1914-2002) suspected that he was in therapy because of a meal with Aleinikow, during which he emphasized that he was not allowed to drink alcohol . According to several people, including the dramaturge Jakow Aronowitsch Kostjukowski (1921–2011), however, no signs of an alcoholic could be found on him and, according to Bulat Mansurow, Aleinikov's liver showed no typical damage at autopsy . He probably consumed small amounts of alcohol frequently, which, in connection with his character, had a negative impact on the public image of him.

Private

Aleinikow was married to Valentina Ivanovna Lebedewa (1918-1993), who originally worked as a fitter for the Lenfilmstudio , but after the birth of her son Taras (1938-2003) retired from professional life. In addition to his extras in The Wonder Horse and Утоление жажды, Taras also appeared in the Turkmen production Рабыня ( Rabynja , 1968), but his character was voiced by Lev Dmitrievich Zhukov. He trained as a cameraman and was also involved in В поисках утраченного, one of the films about his father.

The daughter Arina Aleinikowa (born August 30, 1943) attended the State All-Union Institute for Cinematography and became an actress. It is among others for their roles in a stopover in Moscow (1963) by Georgi Danelija пожаловать and Добро, или Посторонним вход воспрещен ( Dobro poschalowat, ili Postoronnim wchod wospreschtschen , 1964) by Elem Klimov known. She currently lives in the United States with her family.

Filmography (selection)

  • 1936: The Seven Bold (Semero smelych)
  • 1938: City of Youth - Komsomolsk (Komsomolsk)
  • 1939: Young Life (Traktorist) (Traktoristy)
  • 1939/40: The great life (Bolschaja schisn)
  • 1941: The miracle horse (Konjok-gorbunok)
  • 1947: Glinka
  • 1951: The Donbass buddies (Donezkije schachtery)
  • 1955: Youth pranks (Wasjok Trubatschjow i ego towarischtschi)
  • 1957: a poet (poet)
  • 1959: The father's house (Ottschi dom)

Web links

Commons : Petr Aleinikov  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Biography of Pyotr Aleinikov on stuki-druki.com (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h article about Pyotr Aleinikow on the website of Ogonyok (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  3. ↑ Vladimir Kumelski's biography at kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  4. ↑ a b c Biography of Pyotr Aleinikov on kino.kulichki.com (Russian), accessed on June 24, 2020
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Biography of Pyotr Aleinikov at kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  6. ↑ a b Filmography of Pyotr Aleinikows on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  7. ↑ Tamara Makarowa's biography at kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  8. ^ Obituary for Pyotr Aleinikow on russkoekino.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  9. ↑ Film data for Пётр Мартынович и годы большой жизни on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  10. ↑ Bulat Mansurov's biography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  11. ↑ Tatiana Okunewskaja's biography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  12. ↑ Jakow Kostjukowski's biography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  13. ↑ Taras Aleinikov's filmography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  14. ↑ Film data for Рабыня on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  15. ↑ Lev Zhukov's filmography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 25, 2020
  16. ↑ Arina Aleinikova's biography on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on June 24, 2020
  17. ↑ Stopover in Moscow in the Internet Movie Database , accessed on June 25, 2020
  18. ↑ Добро пожаловать, или Посторонним вход воспрещен in the Internet Movie Database , accessed June 25, 2020
personal data
SURNAME Aleinikov, Pyotr Martynovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Алейников, Пётр Мартынович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet theater and film actor
DATE OF BIRTH July 12, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Kriwel , Shklou Rajon, Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH June 9, 1965
Place of death Moscow