Pontic mugwort

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Pontic mugwort
Artemisia pontica.jpg

Pontic mugwort ( Artemisia pontica )

Systematics
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Sub tribus : Artemisiinae
Genre : Artemisia
Type : Pontic mugwort
Scientific name
Artemisia pontica
L.

The Pontus mugwort ( Artemisia pontica ) or Roman wormwood is a plant of the genus Artemisia within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).

description

The Pontic mugwort is an aromatic, deciduous, perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 40 to 60, rarely up to 80 centimeters. As a storage organ, the species has a creeping, woody rhizome with subterranean runners. It forms several upright, brown stems that are either hairless or covered with small, fine hairs. The leaves develop a dull, matt gray felt, silky hair. The hairs on the leaf surface can also be gray-green. They are twice pinnate and have an egg-shaped outline. The length is 1 to 5 centimeters, the width varies between 1 and 3 centimeters. The regularly protruding, pointed leaf lobes are about 3 to 4 millimeters long and 0.5 to 1 millimeter wide. The leaves have auricles that encompass half the stem . The lower stalk leaves are short stalked, the upper against it sitting.

The flowers are grouped in almost spherical baskets , which are densely arranged in a columnar panicle . The diameter of the baskets is 2.5 to 4 millimeters. The bottom of the basket is hairless. The pressed bracts have gray felted hair. Except for the outer, lanceolate bracts, they have an inverted egg-shaped shape. A flower head contains about 10 to 12 female and 40 to 45 hermaphrodite flowers. The 0.2 to 0.3 millimeter long, yellow crown of the tubular flowers is not glandular and glabrous or hairy. The relatively short scar lobes remain hidden in the corolla tube. The fruit is a hairless, ellipsoidal achene 0.1 to 0.2 millimeters long.

Pontic mugwort ( Artemisia pontica )

The flowering period extends from August to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The pontic mugwort belongs to the flower class of the Windblütler. The pollination is usually performed by the wind . Occasionally it is visited by insects, which then also carry out the pollination. Typical pollinators are short-nosed bees , hover flies , beetles and flies . Nectar is not offered. The spread of the achenes is via the wind and people, e.g. B. ensured by seeds. The vegetative propagation takes place via root shoots.

Occurrence and endangerment

The natural range of the species includes the warm temperate Southeast Europe, North Kazakhstan and Southwest Siberia. The species is native to the Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Siberia and China. Here it grows in groups of bushes and disturbed meadow steppes. In addition, the pontic mugwort was naturalized in Central Europe and in the temperate east of America. The pontic mugwort occurs in Central Europe in societies of the order Agropyretalia and the class Festuco-Brometea.

In Austria the pontic mugwort is rare in the Pannonian flora province and very rare to inconsistent in the remaining regions. He can be found in Burgenland , Vienna , Lower Austria and Carinthia . In Upper Austria and Styria there are only local and inconsistent occurrences. The pontic mugwort is listed as an endangered species in Austria's Red List .

Taxonomy

Artemisia pontica was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .

Common names

In German-speaking countries, the common names Allkraut ( Silesia ), Albraute (Silesia), Frauenwermuth ( Württemberg ), Grabkraut and Schofwiermerth ( Transylvania ) are or were used for this plant species, in some cases only regionally .

use

The pontic mugwort is rarely used as a ground covering ornamental plant. It has been cultivated as a medicinal plant since the 16th century, but today it is seldom grown. It needs a sunny location. The propagation takes place via sowing and division.

supporting documents

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 620 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 853-854 .

Single receipts

  1. ↑ a b Leila M. Shultz: Artemisia pontica. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 531 (English, online ).
  2. ↑ Pontic mugwort. In: FloraWeb.de. , accessed January 30, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  944 .
  4. ↑ BiolFlor, database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany, accessed on February 2, 2012.
  5. ^ Artemisia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  6. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 925 .
  7. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 2 . Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 847 ( online ).
  8. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 44, online.
  9. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 618-620 .

Web links

Commons : Artemisia pontica  - collection of images, videos and audio files