Protests against the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline

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Stop Eminent Domain Abuse (Stop the eminent Area abuse) : protest sign in Ames , Iowa (Jan 2016)
The Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851 contracted the Sioux Territory. According to this contract, the pipeline runs within the boundaries of the Great Sioux Nation , as the Heart and not the Cannonball River forms its northern border. The Indian Claims Commission has confirmed these limits
Oahe Dam and Lake near Pierre South Dakota , captured by the International Space Station . The dam flooded parts of the Cheyenne River - and the Standing Rock Indian Reservation and the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation

The protests against the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) Lakota Zuzeca Sape Black Snake are one of the largest environmental movements of the 2000s in the United States and led, among other things, to the largest gathering of " Native Americans " (also known as " Indians of North America ") since 1920. From August to early December 2016, the police arrested 575 people around the protest camp and in Bismarck , the capital of North Dakota . This brought z. B. the local judicial and judicial system to its limits. The protests are under the Lakota motto Mni wiconi , water is life .

National

Construction of Dakota Access on 50th Avenue near New Salem , (North Dakota)
January 26, 2017: The protest hashtag #NODAPL was projected onto a building in San Francisco

After the pipeline plans became known, a movement against the project formed throughout the USA : It is strongly supported by the Native Americans directly affected , and nature conservation organizations and a number of civil society movements across the country expressed their solidarity with the protest; He was also supported by Native Americans from South America , Kichwa from Sarayacu on the Ecuadorian Amazon section, who are resisting the Ecuadorian government's decision to develop the Kichwa rainforest for oil production by the Argentine oil company Compañía General de Combustibles (CGC) .

Many opponents see the construction of the DAPL in contradiction to a future energy policy that really takes climate protection into account. In addition, non-governmental organizations see the building as a further disregard for the rights of the traditional residents. The Sioux of the Standing Rock Reservation oppose the construction of the pipeline over graves and holy land of their ancestors and the threat to their water supply. In doing so, they refer to the Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851 : According to it, the Heart and not the Cannon Ball River forms the northern border of the Great Sioux Nation (English: Great Sioux Nation, Seven Council Fire , " Seven Council Fire ") and with it the Standing Rock Reservation , and after that the pipeline is on Indian territory. It should also not be forgotten that this was not the first project that the US Army Corps of Engineers decided and carried out over the heads of the Indians: In the 1950s and 1960s, the Pick – Sloan Missouri Basin program made the most fertile parts of Flooded Standing Rock. Lake Oahe came into being and the economy and culture of the residents changed dramatically. The construction of the dam removed the economic basis of the reserve. In addition, the protest movement has features critical of globalization and capitalism and is committed to environmental justice : The profit of companies should not come at the expense of functioning ecosystems and their services for the general public.

Again and again there was occupation of construction equipment. On September 3, 2016, an argument broke out in which private security guards from the construction company used pepper spray and dogs against demonstrators. The Republican Governor of North Dakota, Jack Dalrymple , activated the same day the National Guard of the United States .

After the incident, which was made public through media reports in national networks, protests took place all over the USA. Protesters called for construction to be stopped in front of Westminster Cathedral and the White House .

On September 13, 2016, over 20 activists were arrested during a protest at another construction phase in North Dakota.

On October 10, 2016, 28 participants in a peaceful protest demonstration in Fort Yates , North Dakota, on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation, were arrested for trespassing, including US actress Shailene Woodley .

On October 13, 2016, Bernie Sanders and four other senators addressed an urgent letter to President Obama requesting that the further planning and construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline be stopped.

On November 21, 2016, 167 people were injured in clashes between demonstrators and police.

Protests continued against and in front of banks that are financing the pipeline. B. to further protests by Native Americans; shortly thereafter, the construction of the connection pipeline was stopped by President Barack Obama .

"Red Warrior Camp"

The "Sacred Stone Camp" on August 25, 2016
The Cannonball River forms the northern boundary of the Standing Rock Reservation and provides drinking water to many communities inside and outside the reserve

The last part of the pipeline has to pass under Lake Oahe on the northern edge of the Standing Rock Reservation ; the Sioux resident here fear greater water pollution from the pipeline.

On April 1, 2016 Camp name was first Inyan Wakháŋagapi Othi English Sacred Stone Camp German translated Holy Stone Camp built to oppose the continued construction of the Dakota-access pipeline. By mid-August 2016, the Sicangu Camp English Rosebud Camp and the Oceti Sakowin Camp English translated Seven Fires Council for the resistance were set up. From the end of August 2016, more and more people came to the Cannon Ball area south of Bismarck to support the Standing Rock Sioux Nation's fight against the pipeline; Over 100 tribes set up one of the largest gatherings of North American Indians in the history of the country, in September 2016 around 3,000 people lived in the "Red Warrior Camp" ("Red Warrior Camp", at another location also "Standing Rock") ) at the confluence of the Missouri and Cannonball Rivers (the Missouri forms the eastern boundary of the Standing Rock Reservation). Since then, the camp has been self-organized and has a military hospital , legal representation and a radio station . A school for the children is also to be built. Amnesty International sent observers to the camp after the clashes with security guards . In February 2017 it was reported that 6,000 people were in the camp; Veterans of the US Army have joined in to create a buffer between the militarily performing and equipped police forces and the camp residents and protesters.

After a deadline set by the authorities had expired, the protest camp was evacuated and destroyed in late February 2017, and ten people were arrested.

According to " leaked " documents that were leaked to the web magazine The Intercept , the private "security company" TigerSwan was involved in the dissolution of the camp and the crackdown on the protests as part of a " public-private partnership " (PPP) , hired by the client from DAP, from Energy Transfer Partners .

After further construction

On March 10, 2017, thousands of Native Americans marched in a Native Nations Rise march, some with tepees, to protest in front of the Trump International Hotel in Washington, DC , from 7. Until March 10, they camped partially in Washington Monument State Park within sight of the White House .

Global

Divestment

On September 6, 2016, the Food and Water Watch organization published an extensive list of banks that financed the construction of the pipeline. Coordinated by BankTrack , the financing banks were contacted in writing in mid-November with an open letter signed by around 500 organizations around the world : Its wording and the responses from some banks are published by BankTrack. In Europe, the Bayerische Landesbank ("Bayern LB") fell through the payment of 120 million euros.

On November 21, 2016, Norway's largest bank DNB gave in to public pressure and sold its stakes in companies involved in the Dakota Access Pipeline under construction in the United States ; At the end of February 2017, the Bayrische Landesbank ("Bayern LB") announced that it would withdraw from the financing of Dakota Access.

Between December 2016 and February 2017, more than a million people worldwide signed seven different petitions to stop the financing of DAPL by the relevant banks and against the companies behind it.

December 2016: Construction freeze

The United States Department of Justice , the United States Department of the Army, and the Home Office issued a joint statement on September 9, 2016 that the construction should not be approved.

On December 4, 2016, the US Army Corps of Engineers withdrew its approval for the construction of a key point in the pipeline. The construction of the DAPL north of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation was temporarily stopped: In the “ Red Warrior Protest Camp ” there were at times thousands of opponents, most of them Native Americans from different tribes.

February 2017: Further construction under Donald Trump

January 24, 2017: Trump's decree to continue building Dakota Access
January 24, 2017: D. Trump, in the presence of his team of advisors and Vice President Pence (far left) , signs the decree to continue building the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines

The new US President Trump pleaded for the completion of the project "in the interests of all Americans": On the second day after his inauguration , he overturned the decision of the "Army Corps of Engineers" by decree and thus ordered further construction. In the past, Trump owned stakes in Energy Transfer Partners and Phillips 66.

On February 8, 2017, the US Army's Civil Engineering Department approved the final construction section of the pipeline on state-owned land using the Army. The last link between the pipeline completed in the north and south is to be built within three months.

Legal interventions

After the US Army approved the construction of the last section on February 8, 2017, the Sioux filed a lawsuit in federal court in Washington, another tribe also wants to take legal action.

On February 14, 2017, the federal court in Washington rejected a construction freeze on the grounds that an empty pipeline was not yet a water hazard. However, the judge responsible announced an in-depth hearing for February 27. Another urgent application for a temporary construction freeze was rejected by a federal appeals court in mid-March 2017, again for formal reasons.

reception

Paris Jackson , the daughter of Michael Jackson , used the stage at the Grammy Awards 2017 on February 12, 2017 in Los Angeles to share the protest against the expansion of Dakota Access (“#nodapl”).

A photo of Amber Bracken called “Standing Rock” won first prize in the 2017 World Press Photo Contest in the “Contemporary Issues, Stories” category : It shows police officers advancing against protesters camped in Morton County .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ North Dakota pipeline protest: the largest gathering of Native Americans in more than 100 years. Retrieved September 12, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Dave Engels says: DAPL Protest Arrests Strain North Dakota's Court System. Retrieved December 5, 2016 .
  3. ↑ amazonwatch.org, September 22, 2016: Global Solidarity from the Amazon to Standing Rock (March 10, 2017)
  4. ↑ sarayaku.org (March 10, 2017)
  5. ↑ Reuters: Dakota Access pipeline opponents occupy land, citing 1851 treaty. Retrieved December 7, 2016 .
  6. ↑ www.usatoday.com 7 history lessons that help explain the Dakota Access Pipeline protests
  7. ^ National Guard on Standby in the North Dakota Before Court Ruling on Dakota Access Pipeline. In: Democracy Now! Retrieved September 9, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Oliver Milman: Dakota Access Pipeline plan still on despite protests across the US and world . In: The Guardian . September 13, 2016 ( theguardian.com [accessed September 15, 2016]).
  9. ↑ Supporters Speak Out In Favor Of Dakota Access Oil Pipeline. In: NPR.org. Retrieved September 15, 2016 .
  10. ↑ de.euronews.com: US actress arrested in pipeline protest (October 11, 2016)
  11. ↑ motherjones.com: Bernie Sanders Just Asked President Obama to Halt the Dakota Access Pipeline
  12. ↑ zeit.de : Riots in protest against the oil pipeline. In North Dakota, 167 people are said to have been injured in a police operation against environmentalists
  13. ^ DAPL Protesters Close Accounts With Wells Fargo, US Bank. Retrieved December 11, 2016 .
  14. ↑ Kathrin Werner, New York: environmental protests: An Indian tribe mess with Bayern LB . In: sueddeutsche.de . ISSN  0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed December 5, 2016]).
  15. ^ Johannes Kuhn, New Orleans: USA: Dakota pipeline stopped for the time being . In: sueddeutsche.de . ISSN  0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed December 5, 2016]).
  16. ↑ spiegel.de , Marc Pitzke , December 6, 2017: The brief happiness of the Sioux (December 10, 2017)
  17. ↑ a b c apnews.com , February 14, 2017, Sam Hananel, Blake Nicholson: Judge denies request to halt Dakota Access pipeline work (February 14, 2017)
  18. ↑ lastrealindians.com: Department of the Army Gives Notice of Intention to Clear NoDAPL Camps (February 14, 2017)
  19. ^ "I Didn't Come Here to Lose": How a Movement Was Born at Standing Rock (February 12, 2017), Mother Jones
  20. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , Panorama , December 2, 2016: Photos: Protest against the oil pipeline in the north of the USA (February 10, 2017)
  21. ^ Dakota Access Pipeline Threat: What You Need to Know. In: ICTMN. Retrieved November 29, 2016 .
  22. ↑ a b amazonwatch.org, February 27, 2017: Native Nations Rise from Standing Rock to the Amazon (March 10, 2017)
  23. ↑ deutschlandfunk.de , news from February 23, 2017 : Protest camp in the USA cleared, several arrests ( memento of the original from February 25, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (February 24, 2017) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutschlandfunk.de
  24. ↑ theintercept.com , May 27, 2017, Alleen Brown, Will Parrish, Alice Speri: LEAKED DOCUMENTS REVEAL COUNTERRORISM TACTICS USED AT STANDING ROCK TO “DEFEAT PIPELINE INSURGENCIES” (May 27, 2017)
  25. ↑ https://twitter.com/tagesschau , March 10, 2017, 9:00 p.m. (March 10, 2017)
  26. ↑ nativenationsrise.org (March 10, 2017)
  27. ↑ Who's Banking on the Dakota Access Pipeline? In: Food & Water Watch . September 6, 2016 ( foodandwaterwatch.org [accessed December 4, 2016]).
  28. ^ Dakota Access Pipeline, Sectors: oil and gas. BankTrack, January 10, 2017, accessed January 25, 2017 .
  29. ^ Emily Fuller, How to Contact the 17 Banks Funding the Dakota Access Pipeline . In: YES! Magazines . (English, yesmagazine.org [accessed December 4, 2016]).
  30. ↑ Kathrin Werner, New York: environmental protests: An Indian tribe mess with Bayern LB . In: sueddeutsche.de . ISSN  0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed December 5, 2016]).
  31. ↑ deutschlandfunk.de , Environment and Consumers , December 2, 2016, Azadê Peşmen: Native Americans fight against banks (February 10, 2017)
  32. ↑ Dakota Access Pipeline - BusinessPortal Norway. In: www.businessportal-norwegen.com. Retrieved December 4, 2016 .
  33. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , February 24, 2017: Bayern-LB does not finance Trump's pipeline (February 24, 2017)
  34. ↑ banktrack.org , February 28, 2017: Banks: Defund the Dakota Access Pipeline! (March 10, 2017)
  35. ↑ amazonwatch.org, February 3, 2017: Over 700,000 People Demand Banks Stop Financing The Dakota Access Pipeline (March 10, 2017)
  36. ↑ Dorothea Hahn: Success for US natives in Dakota: pipeline construction stopped for the time being . In: the daily newspaper . ( taz.de [accessed on September 10, 2016]).
  37. ^ A history of Native Americans protesting the Dakota Access Pipeline. Retrieved September 10, 2016 .
  38. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , Panorama , December 5, 2016: Photos: Joy with the Sioux: US authorities stop construction of the oil pipeline (February 10, 2017)
  39. ↑ December 4, 2016, Nathan Rott ,: npr.org: In Victory For Protesters, Army Halts Construction Of Dakota Pipeline (February 10, 2017)
  40. ^ Neue Zürcher Zeitung: Construction stop for pipeline in North Dakota. Retrieved December 6, 2016 .
  41. ↑ deutschlandfunk.de , news from January 25, 2017 : Controversial oil pipelines newly approved ( memento of the original from January 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (January 27, 2017) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutschlandfunk.de
  42. ^ Trump supports completion of the Dakota Access Pipeline. Retrieved December 7, 2016 .
  43. ↑ Trump not saying how he'll view Dakota Access pipeline. Retrieved December 7, 2016 .
  44. ↑ Standing Rock: Donald Trump will review the Dakota Access Pipeline decision. Retrieved December 7, 2016 .
  45. ↑ a b deutschlandfunk.de , news from 02/10/2017 : Construction of the controversial Dakota Access Pipeline will be continued ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (February 10, 2017) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutschlandfunk.de
  46. ↑ DLF24 , March 20, 2017: Another urgent application against the Dakota Access oil pipeline failed (March 20, 2017)
  47. ↑ Jordan Simmons: ecowatch.com: Michael Jackson's Daughter Uses Grammys Stage to Protest Dakota Access Pipeline (February 13, 2017)
  48. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , Computer & Medien , February 13, 2017: Photos: The winners of the World Press Photo 2017 , image 2 of 17 . (February 13, 2017)