Protests in Iraq 2019/2020

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The Iraqi protests 2019-20 , also known as the October Revolution ( Arabic ثورة تشرين, DMG Ṯaurat Tišrīn ), are an ongoing series of protests that consisted of demonstrations , marches, sit-in strikes, and civil disobedience . They began on October 1, 2019, a date set by civil activists on social media and stretching across the central and southern provinces of Iraq; to protest against corruption , unemployment and inefficient public services. In addition, many complain about the influence from outside ( Iran , USA ). The protest then escalated into sweeping demands to overthrow the government and stop Iranian intervention in Iraq . The Iraqi government has used hot water, paprika and tear gas and even weapons against protesters, resulting in many deaths and injuries.

The protests initially ended on October 8th, but started again on October 25th. Prime Minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi announced his resignation on November 29th. On December 26, President Barham Salih filed a letter of resignation after refusing to appoint Basra Governor Asaad Al Eidani, who was appointed new Prime Minister by the Bina Bloc, an Iran-backed parliamentary bloc, stating that Al Eidani would not be approved by the protesters to do so.

According to the BBC, the demonstrators are calling for the end of the political system that has existed since the US expelled Saddam Hussein and is characterized by sectarian divisions. The protests are the largest incident of unrest since the fall of Saddam Hussein.

background

In 2011, there were - as in many countries of the Arab world - in different provinces of Iraq to protest that the end of corruption , nepotism and unemployment demanded and simultaneously higher wages and improved public services such as electricity , transport , health , education and community Services requested. Protesters have faced government repression, police brutality and arrests. These reform demands in the six Sunni-dominated provinces escalated during the Iraqi protests in 2012–2013 following Nouri Al-Maliki's acts of persecution against Sunni politicians. This in turn led to protests calling for the overthrow of the sectarian government and the revision of the constitution, as well as a march into Baghdad to occupy the Green Zone . These protests were further suppressed by the government, leading to clashes between security forces and local tribesmen who allegedly had support from Ba'ath Party loyalists . According to reports from the Sunni factions that were part of the Iraqi uprising against the American occupation, unified their powers and took control of the Al-Anbar governorate , the government launched the Anbar campaign in 2013. By July 2014, these factions, merged with ISIL, had occupied most of Al-Anbar, Ninawa , Salah ad-Din , Kirkuk and Diyala , which sparked the Iraqi civil war. The US Secretary of State pledged "intense" support to the Iraqi government while pleading with the government to rise above "sectarian motivations," but senior Defense Department officials said the US renounced weapons to the Iraqi military due to a lack of confidence in Iraqi forces to give, "while senior US journalists familiar with the situation claimed Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki is not the answer and should resign.

Due to the lack of progress in Haider al-Abadi's government and state corruption , the leader of the sadristic movement, Muqtada al-Sadr , called for a sit-in in the Green Zone in Baghdad to force the government to provide serious solutions to the corruption Find. On April 30, 2016 broke thousands of followers of al-Sadr , the barricades of the Green Zone and stormed government buildings, including the Iraqi Parliament, representatives from the Green Zone to hunt before the next day by calling withdrew from al-Sadr . In July 2018, another demonstration broke out in Basra and the surrounding cities, which worsened and lasted for several months due to deterioration in public utilities, water pollution and lack of electricity. Protesters burned down a number of government buildings and party headquarters, blocked numerous main roads, tore and burned pictures of Khomeini and Khamenei, and even occupied Al-Najaf and Basra International Airport. They were suppressed by security forces and popular mobilization forces, including Kata'ib Hezbollah and Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq , killing at least 16 protesters.

In memory of the rise of IS during the 2012 protests, they avoided sectarian rhetoric. At first, Americans did not seem to be the focus of anger, though a 2019 poll found that only 22% of Iraqis had a positive opinion about the United States , while 16% had a positive opinion about Iran . However, this preliminary assumption was clearly proven wrong after a few months when hundreds of thousands opposed the US presence in the country.

Protesters in Baghdat , October 1st

Timeline 2019

October

October 1 : Protests against high unemployment , poor basic services and state corruption broke out on the Liberation Square in Baghdad . These protests spread to the southern provinces. The authorities blackouted the internet and blocked 75% of the country's internet access. Protesters called for the resignation of Adil Abdul-Mahdi and prepared for early elections. The demonstrators also demonstrated against Iranian influence and against the leader of the Quds unit , Qasem Soleimani . At the beginning of the protests, the protesters were mostly young men who, according to Vox, blamed the government for their numerous failures. The Iraqi Prime Minister declared a curfew until further notice .

October 2 : Two activists, Hussain Almadani and his wife Sarah, were killed by unknown forces in their home in Basra.

October 3 : According to Amnesty International , 18 civilians and one police officer were killed and hundreds injured after three days of protest.

October 4 : Many political party headquarters were burned down in Nasiriyah .

October 5 : Unidentified forces raided many TV channels including Al Arabiya , Dijlah TV, NRT and Al Rasheed TV over broadcasting the protests.

October 7 : Dozens of demonstrators were killed and hundreds injured in Sadr City .

October 8 : Protests largely ceased due to Arba'een, a Shiite religious holiday that took place on October 19. According to Arab News , despite warnings from the Iranian authorities, 3.5 million Shiite pilgrims, mostly Iranians, crossed land borders into Iraq on Friday. The authorities recommended that pilgrims postpone pilgrimage to Iraq.

October 24 : Thousands of protesters gather in Baghdad's Liberation Square to protest against the government and Iranian influence. Almost 50 protesters were killed and injured after trying to enter the Green Zone .

October 25 : The protests in Maysan governorate lead to unrest between peacekeeping operations led by Muqtada al-Sadr on the one hand and Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq and the Badr organization on the other. Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq member Wisam Alyawi and his brother, both PMU commanders of Maysan Governorate, were lynched by angry protesters who dragged them from an ambulance and beat them to death. Qais Khazali , head of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq , announced that nine PMU members had been killed in the recent protests, held Israel responsible for their deaths and said it would take revenge "four times". Protesters burned down and destroyed many political party offices in Samawah city . Protesters in Karbala sang against Iran and tore up Ali Khamenei's pictures. They also attacked the governorate council building. They also burned the Iranian consulate. In Al-Qādisiyyah governorate , demonstrators burned the governorate council building. Administrative authorities have declared a curfew in the province. In the city of Kūt , protesters attacked many offices of the political parties and the home of former Interior Minister Qasim al-Araji .

October 26 : 7 demonstrators were killed and 28 injured after conflict between the Badr organization and demonstrators in Hillah town, Babil governorate . The seven protesters died when members of the Badr organization opened fire on protesters who had gathered outside their office, according to the guardian.

October 28 : A high-level security agency in Baghdad declared an indefinite curfew on the capital four days after renewed anti-government protests in which more than 70 protesters were killed . 14 to 30 people were killed in protests in Karbala . Government officials denied any deaths occurred.

October 30 : Iranian military officer Qasem Soleimani met with Hadi al-Amiri , one of Abdul-Mahdi's political opponents , and asked him to support Abdul-Mahdi .

October 31 : President Barham Salih said in a televised address that the Prime Minister had agreed to resign "on condition that a successor is agreed to replace him".

November

November 2 : Protesters block Iraq's main port, Umm Qasr . Oil exports from offshore platforms were not affected, but imports of basic foodstuffs were. Iraq is heavily dependent on the import of food.

November 3 : Protesters storm the Iranian consulate in Karbala , where they set fire to the building and replace the Iranian flag with an Iraqi one. 3 protesters were killed when Iraqi security forces fired live ammunition at protesters gathered outside the Iranian consulate, according to Reuters. However, the BBC was led to believe that the source of the exchange of fire was anonymous and directed at both security forces and protesters.

November 4 : NetBlocks , an Internet blockade observatory , noted that Internet access was disrupted in Baghdad and five other regions in Iraq on November 4, amid ongoing anger in the country. Netblocks added that the new internet shutdown is currently seen as the most extreme shutdown in Iraq. Iraqi authorities took a similar move in October, with social media and messaging remaining severely restricted in several parts of the country.

November 8 : Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani , the most influential Shiite cleric in Iraq (born in Iran ), called on the government to comply with the protesters' demands and urged the security forces to avoid the use of force.

November 10 : The Iraqi Parliamentary Human Rights Committee reports that at least 319 people were killed in the protests. According to the Independent High Commission on Human Rights in Iraq, another 15,000 were injured.

November 13 : The Iraqi parliament held a special session to discuss the crisis. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert of the United Nations Assistance Mission to Iraq spoke at the meeting about her plan to resolve the crisis, which includes electoral reforms and anti-corruption measures.

November 14 : Four people were killed and 62 injured in clashes between security forces and demonstrators in Baghdad .

November 16 : At least four protesters were killed and nearly 20 injured when a car bomb attack took place in Tahrir Square in Baghdad . Neither group took responsibility for the first explosion in the ongoing anti-government protests.

Nov. 17 : Documents leaked by The Intercept revealed details of Iranian influence in Iraq. The Intercept reportedly obtained the documents from an unknown source and has not been able to identify them since, the guardian said.

November 19 : Protesters blocked the entrance to the country's second largest trading port, the port of Khor al-Zubair, and ceased trading in oil and other tankers. Previously, access to the Umm Qasr port was also blocked.

November 21 : Al-Jazeera reports that at least seven demonstrators were killed and 78 injured by security forces in Baghdad.

November 24 : At least two protesters were shot dead in the southern city of Nasiriyah when they closed schools and blocked the Zaitoun and Nasr bridges to the city center. Almost 47 people were injured in clashes with security forces.

November 27 : Protesters attack the Iranian consulate in Najaf for the second time and this time burn it down. Security forces fired tear gas into the crowd, injuring some of them, but had to flee when hundreds of demonstrators poured into the consulate and set it on fire.

November 29 : 44 demonstrators were killed in southern Iraq . The Prime Minister announced his impending resignation on the same day.

December

December 1: Despite the resignation of Prime Minister Adel Abdel Mahdi , demonstrators in the Shiite town of Najaf set fire to the Iranian consulate for the second time in a week. According to the BBC , reports showed that Iranian consulate officials were able to flee immediately before protesters stormed the consulate. A police officer said that when police fired live ammunition shots to prevent protesters from entering the consulate, one protester was killed and at least 35 people injured, according to Al Jazeera.

December 6  : Unidentified armed men in vehicles opened fire on protesters in Khilani Square in Baghdad , killing 25 (including three police officers) and injuring around 130 others. The attacks allegedly took place one day after a series of suspicious stitches in Tahrir Square in Baghdad, which, according to the guardian, left at least 15 wounded. According to Aljazeera, some protesters accused the Iraqi government of conspiring with the armed men, suggesting a power outage that coincided with the time of the attacks.

December 8 : Fahim al-Ta'i , an Iraqi civilian activist, was murdered by unidentified armed men on a motorcycle outside the al-Ansar Hotel in the Baroudi area of Karbala .

December 12 : A 16-year-old boy falsely accused of shooting demonstrators was dragged across the ground and lynched by demonstrators after the security forces withdrew. The boy's deceased body was stripped down to the underpants and later hung on a traffic light. It was later removed by his family and taken to a forensic morgue.

The group of Muqtada al-Sadr declared that they support the protests by " blue helmets would withdraw" as those responsible for the lynching "terrorists" would be identified. One protest group described the lynching as "a Machiavellian plan designed to tarnish the reputation of peaceful demonstrators" and that the protesters "had nothing to do with the lynching event".

December 24 : The Council of Representatives passed a series of electoral laws to appease protesters. The laws allowed voters to select individuals rather than using party lists, while candidates would represent electoral districts rather than provinces.

December 26 : President Barham Salih presents a letter of resignation after refusing to appoint Asaad Al Eidani as Prime Minister following the resignation of Adil Abdul-Mahdi . Salih stated that Al Eidani would not be approved by the protesters. President Salih added that since the constitution denies him the right to refuse a nomination, he would rather resign than accept the nomination of a new prime minister, which the protesters would refuse.

December 29 : The US bombed Kata'ib - Hezbollah positions in Iraq, killing 25 members of these Kataib forces and injuring 51 others.

December 31 : Hundreds of pro-Iran protesters surrounded the US embassy in Baghdad in the city's green zone , where embassies and government buildings are located. Other protesters in Baghdad said: "Demonstrations at the US embassy are a natural reaction to the US strikes over Hashd positions in Iraq." However, they condemned the attack on the US embassy by Iraqi supporters of the Hashd group , saying, "We remain at the center of the peaceful protest movement," adding that "the masses in the Green Zone do not represent us. We want peaceful change." "It was rumored that some protesters broke into the US embassy premises that day. Some time later, however, the US State Department announced that the protesters had not entered the actual embassy building in Baghdad and that the US ambassador was still at his post.

A protester in Baghdad wearing two tires

Timeline 2020

January

January 5th : Following the assassination of Iranian Major General Qasem Soleimani and the head of the People's Mobilization Forces (PMF) Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis by the United States (USA) on January 3rd, protests in Nassiriyah , Dewaniya , Kut , Amarah continued. Kerbala and Baghdad with a deliberate relocation to protest Iranian and US roles in Iraq. Previous protests mainly opposed Iranian influence in Iraq. The previous slogan "Out, out Iran" has been replaced by "No to Iran, no to America". Protesters in Basra and Nassiriyah blocked symbolic funeral procession for Soleimani and al-Muhandis . Pro-Iranian funeral attendees shot and wounded three protesters in Nassiriyah. The local PMF headquarters were set on fire in revenge. Protesters in Najaf burned tires and protested against the US and Iran .

In response to the air strikes, the Iraqi parliament called for US troops to be evacuated from the country.

January 7th : Online and street campaigns to buy local products with the titles "Made in Iraq" and "Iraqi National Product" continued after the attacks on Soleimani and al-Muhandis and intensified in Baghdad . At the same time, the conflict between Iran and the United States came to a head, including on Iraqi soil.

January 10 : Two thousand people protested in Basra and Nassiriyah with slogans such as "Neither America nor Iran, our revolution is a young revolution." Appeals for a "million man march" broadcast through online social media.

January 11 : Two reporters covering months of protests against the Iraqi government were shot dead by two armed men in a car in Basra. On January 12, hundreds of Iraqis in Basra mourned Ahmad Abdessamad , correspondent for local television station al- Dijla , and his cameraman Safaa Ghali . A mourner said the attack was apparently an attempt to silence people, France 24 reported. On Sunday, the Iraqi Interior Ministry invited journalists to a conference in Basra to discuss the killings and security conditions in the city. However, the ministry was left with no choice but to cancel the conference as journalists refused to attend.

January 17 : At least two people were killed and dozen injured after security forces shot protesters at Sinak Bridge in central Baghdad. In the southern city of Najaf, Iraqi protesters attacked and set fire to the center of the Kata'ib - Hezbollah militia. The next day, the protesters continued to burn Qassem Soleimani posters .

January 20 : Four protesters and two police officers were killed in renewed clashes in Baghdad.

Jan. 22 : The Iraqi High Commission on Human Rights announced that at least 10 people have been killed in the violent unrest across the country in the past two days, Al Jazeera reported .

Iraqi President Barham Salih attended a meeting with US President Donald Trump in Davos on January 22nd to discuss strategic external relations between Iraq and the US, which Iranian-backed militias saw as a clear indication that Salih wants the U.S. military to stay in Iraq despite being warned not to meet with Trump .

January 23 : Amnesty International warns that Iraqi security forces have continued their series of operations using lethal force against peaceful protesters, based on in-depth video analysis and eyewitness accounts confirmed by the organization. At least 8 people were said to have been injured when security forces used tear gas to disperse protesters on the Mohammed al-Qassim highway, according to the San Diego Union-Tribune .

January 24  : Shiite leader Muqtada al-Sadr's call for a "multi-million dollar" march was answered when hundreds of thousands of Iraqis marched on the streets demanding the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq. The green zone , where the US embassy is located next to the marching route, is heavily surrounded by security forces, added CNN . According to the BBC , protesters in the city of Baghdad include Iranian-backed militias, many of whom carry Iraqi national flags and posters criticizing the presence of US troops in the country. However, several anti-government protesters are concerned that Moqtada's call to evict the US military from Iraq could outweigh their separate, month-long protests that denied the takeover of Iran- backed Shiite groups.

According to the Guardian, his representative read a statement by influential Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr on stage at the protest location, calling for the closure of Iraqi airspace to US military and surveillance aircraft, the lifting of Iraqi security agreements with the US, as well as the withdrawal of all foreign forces from the country and so on. A rough estimate showed that the turnout of the demonstrators had reached two hundred thousand, according to Vox .

January 25 : Iraqi security forces raided a protest site in Baghdad, attempting to remove protesters in southern cities, fire tear gas and sharp bullets, kill four and injure dozens more. The attack came after Muqtada al-Sadr ordered his supporters to withdraw. Al-Sadr's supporters were reported to have packed up their tents and left the camps after he withdrew his support. The withdrawal of the Iraqi sadrists in support of the anti-government protest movement has made many wonder whether government action will follow.

January 26 : Rockets hit the US embassy in Baghdad , injuring at least one person. One missile reportedly hit the embassy cafeteria while two other missiles landed nearby. A security source was quoted by the AFP news agency . According to CNN , the wounded person suffered a minor injury and was already back on duty, a US official added.

On Sunday, the Independent High Commission on Human Rights in Iraq announced that 9 protesters in Baghdad and 3 others in Nasiriyah had been killed and 230 others injured in the Iraqi protests over the past three days .

January 27 Security forces opened fire on a crowd of anti-government protesters and killed one person in the city of Nasiriyah , southern Iraq. On Monday, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urged Iraqi Prime Minister Abdul Mahdi to maintain Iraqi sovereignty in the face of Iran's attacks on US facilities in Iraq, including Sunday's rocket strikes against the US embassy in Baghdad.

On January 31, the demanded Human Rights Watch , the Iraqi authorities to investigate the unlawful use of force and all killings by security forces, where appropriate, international experts using. On Friday, security forces fired tear gas to disperse the crowd in Khilani and Wathba Squares, Baghdad. At least 11 protesters were injured, doctors and security officials said.

February

February 1 Iraqi President Barham Salih appointed former communications minister Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi as the country's new prime minister. Anti-government protesters, however, immediately rejected the appointment of Mohammed Allawi as the new prime minister-designate by holding rallies in Baghdad as well as in cities in the country's southern provinces. Later that evening, in an address to the Iraqis on state television, Allawi promised to form a representative government, hold early parliamentary elections and, among other things, justify illegal actions against demonstrators.

February 2: Protesters opposed to Allawi's nomination grouped their tents outside the Sadrist-occupied tents in Tahrir Square in Baghdad .

February 3: Al Jazeera reported that since the protests began, the death toll, along with 13 members of the security forces, is said to have reached 536, as announced by Iraqi state television. On Monday, sadrists identified with "blue hats" stormed a rally against the regime that resulted in the death of a protester who was stabbed, injuring three others.

February 4: One day after the death of a protester, tensions increased between Sadr supporters and protesters against Allawi's nomination when the rift erupted in a fist fight between the two opposing groups in the southern city of Diwaniyah. According to Arab News , the young anti-regime protesters sang Sadr, including Iran , despite the interference of security forces against Iraqi authorities , accusing them of supporting the government's tough actions against protesters. To ensure that schools in Diwaniyah were fully reopened after sit-ins forced them to close, security forces were spotted outside the schools as well as government offices.

February 5: Violence broke out in the holy city of Najaf as supporters of al-Sadr attempted to forcibly remove protesters from their protest camps. Medical sources said at least 8 people were killed and at least 20 others injured in the clash, according to Reuters news agency. Of the 8 protesters killed, 7 reportedly died from bullets to the chest or head, France added 24. The number of injuries had reached 52, according to the New York Times .

February 6: After the violence erupted Wednesday between anti- government protesters and supporters of Moqtada al-Sadr , hundreds of anti- government protesters have returned to the scene of violence as they gathered through the streets of the holy city of Najaf . in an attempt to rebuild their destroyed protest camp. On Thursday evening, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo issued a statement condemning the murder of anti-government protesters in the city of Najaf and calling on the Iraqi government to address the need for protesters and punish those responsible for the killings.

February 7th: Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani is one of the most powerful and influential personalities in Iraq. Several protesters and Iraqi activists hold on to him as their last beacon of hope firm and ask him a multi-million march against the United States to demand Iraqi government before the sermon on Friday. During the Friday sermon this week, in a comment by the representative of al-Sistani in the holy city of Karbala , he condemned the clash with sadrists in Najaf on Wednesday and held the security forces responsible for failing to prevent the deaths of eight demonstrators. The Iraqi Human Rights Commission on Friday predicted that nearly 550 people have lost their lives since the anti-government protests began in Iraq in October last year. Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani also called on Allawi to create a government that the people trust and that they represent.

After the Friday sermon of the influential Shiite cleric Ali al-Sistani , many anti-government demonstrators and activists are confident and convinced that the protest movement that began in early October will now gain momentum again, reported Al Jazeera . The President of the Kurdish regional government, Nechirvan Barzani , issued a statement on Wednesday condemning the unlawful use of force against peaceful demonstrators, despite the fact that the Kurdish authorities have adapted similar approaches.

February 9: Moqtada Al-Sadr tweeted 18 points that Iraqi protesters should adhere to during protests, including avoiding the free mixing of men and women in protest venues.

February 10: A protester was shot dead near a protest site at al-Ain University in Nasiriyah when Iraqi security forces fired live ammunition to end the rally, according to the New York Times . The security forces were believed to have shot at the protesters as they tried to block the entrance to the university. American citizens living in Iraq have been advised by the US embassy in Iraq to remain vigilant of major protests expected to take place in Baghdad and Najaf over the next three days .

The Iranian consulate in Iraq, which was set on fire by protesters last year, is now operational as visa operations continue. According to Bloomberg, regular consular services are slated to begin next week. Najaf police have been charged with providing security and protection to the consulate after it reopens.  

February 11: Influential Shiite cleric Moqtada Al-Sadr disbanded the blue helmet unit accused of the violence that led to the deaths of anti-government protesters in Najaf last week, and also publicly rejected the so-called sadristic movement on Twitter. Member of the Iraqi Council of Representatives, Zarqavt Shamsulddin , who spoke in the Atlantic Council on February 11, claimed that the major protests that had taken place since October last year and ended the previous government gave Mohammed Allawi the golden chance of tangible transformation in Iraq.

February 12: The protest sites in Baghdad have been reopened by Iraqi security forces, so anti-government protests in al-Tahrir Square can only continue on condition that Iraqi security forces provide protection, the Global Times reported . Protesters have been observed to work with security forces to ensure free movement across the Sinak Bridge, which has been closed for months.  

February 13: Hundreds of Iraqi women have come forward to criticize the use of force against protesters in Baghdad and the city of Nasiriyah to question Moqtada al-Sadr's call against the mixing of men and women at protest sites . Male anti-government protesters also attended the rally. Some of the women wore veils while others had their faces wrapped in black and white scarves. A common incident occurred at the protest site in which both men and women set up camps side by side. Several protesters, carrying Iraqi flags and roses, marched for over an hour, with the men wrapping their arms around the women to form a circle. Later that evening, al-Sadr condemned the rally on his Twitter account, which he described as a sin and an attempt to compromise the justice of Iraq.

40 days after Iranian general Qassem Soleimani and Iraq's paramilitary leader were killed by US drones, hundreds of Iraqis in Baghdad came to the site to commemorate their deaths for 40 days.

February 14: Haaretz announced that Iraqi security forces were preparing for a violent clash between the protest movement and al-Sadr supporters this Saturday, as two large-scale protests are expected.

FEBRUARY 15: A 50-year-old Iraqis with German residence tried during the Munich Security Conference near the Charles Square to set fire. German police were able to prevent him when the man soaked in gasoline and tried to rush to a gathering with a lighter in hand.

February 16: Alaa al-Rikaby , the prominent activist in Nasiriyah , was assisted to replace Prime Minister-designate Mohammed Allawi with hundreds of protesters demonstrating in the streets with al-Rikaby's photo. Meanwhile, shopkeepers on Al Rasheed Street, one of the oldest streets in Baghdad, have noted the lack of improvement in trade, regardless of the reopening of streets and bridges nearby.

credentials

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