Raffael Schuster-Woldan

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Raphael Hans Ulrich Schuster Woldan (* 7. January 1870 in Striegau , province of Silesia ; † 13 December 1951 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen ) was a German painter and professor of composition at the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin and was under the stage name Woldan known. Schuster-Woldan is considered a representative of the Munich Secession . His main artistic work includes the ceiling painting in the Bundesratssaal in the Reichstag building in Berlin as well as numerous contemporary portrait and landscape paintings.

Life

Schuster-Woldan was the youngest of three children of the district court counselor Heinrich Schuster and his wife Clara Seifart. Raphael followed his six-year-older brother, the painter Georg Schuster-Woldan, to Frank Kirchbach's private painting school in Munich at the age of 17 in 1887, instead of graduating from the Liegnitz municipal high school . Thanks to the support in the parental home, which offered plenty of freedom for personal development and the ability to make decisions , the children were able to develop freely artistically according to their disposition. The stage name Woldan (Czech: Schusterchen) already used Raphael's father as a pseudonym when publishing a volume of poetry. The sons probably adopted him as a nickname at a young age out of admiration for their father. Raffael was artistically inspired by visits to workshops at various Munich artists, primarily through their perception of nature. In addition, he turned his main interest to old masters like Rembrandt . The Munich Kupferstichkabinett with its Rembrandt etchings exerted a strong attraction on the young Schuster-Woldan.

In Munich he was accepted into Frank Kirchbach 's painting school . In the autumn of 1889 he accompanied his teacher Kirchbach, initially to the Städelsche Kunstinstitut in Frankfurt aM and from there to Paris . In the French capital he couldn't find what he was looking for as an artist and returned to Germany. He settled in Dinkelsbühl and devoted himself to figurative drawing. He later moved to Rothenburg odT , where he began his first nature studies outdoors. He spent the summer of 1890 on the North Sea coast and devoted himself increasingly to landscape studies. On October 20, 1890, at the age of 20, he enrolled in the nature class of the Munich Art Academy with Gabriel von Hackl . A first trip to Italy in 1891 had a significant impact on the landscape and religious motifs in his subsequent work. Schuster-Woldan passed his master's examination while taking lessons at Hackl in Munich . Self-taught , he created a portrait in oil of a young lady in a flowered pink dress on a polar bear skin. The jury of the Glaspalast immediately accepted the picture for the Munich Secession - without the knowledge of Hackls.

Schuster-Woldan's first trip to Italy took him to Umbria and Rome in 1891 . In-depth landscape studies shaped his work during this time. The backgrounds, especially his group pictures and partly also his portraits, are shaped by Mediterranean landscape elements. In Florence , Schuster-Woldan became a member of the Art History Institute after the turn of the century and used the opportunities there to work during stays in Italy.

His first artistic contribution to the fourth annual exhibition in the Munich Glass Palace in 1893 was the painting Young Lady Kneeling on Fur . It was proposed by the jury for the second gold medal. The independent character of his style was noticed very early on. In addition to the first portraits of family and friends, group depictions were created in landscapes. The painting At open height was exhibited in the Munich Glass Palace in 1896 and was awarded the gold medal. The international gold medal followed in St. Louis in 1897 .

The Prussian Academy of the Arts accepted Raffael Schuster-Woldan as a member in 1914 and made him an inactive member by resolution from July 15, 1937 to 1945. In 1911 Schuster-Woldan was appointed professor of composition at the Prussian Academy of the Arts. He held the chair until 1920.

Ceiling painting in the Bundesrat chamber of the Reichstag building

On the recommendation of Wolfgang von Oettingen , Raffael Schuster-Woldan was suggested to do the ceiling painting in the Bundesratsaaal of the Reichstag building . Schuster-Woldan emerged as the winner from a competition limited to three artists. The ceiling paintings, the large central field and the eight side fields of the conference room were still made in Munich. They were painted on canvas and set into the ceiling. Schuster-Woldan moved to Berlin in 1904 to carry out this contract and lived there until 1941. The execution itself could only be tackled in stages, as the funds could only be approved gradually under the government of Kaiser Wilhelm. The execution of the entire contract took ten years, from 1901 to 1911. The representative meeting room of the Federal Council was located in the Reichstag in the south-eastern tower on today's parliamentary group level, the third level of the converted German Bundestag. The parliamentary group hall in the German Bundestag, which has been used by the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen parliamentary group since the German Bundestag moved from Bonn to Berlin, has been retained in its basic dimensions. There are no longer any traces that point to the rich furnishings of the former Federal Council chamber. The former wood paneling of the hall, conference table, conference chairs, chandeliers and wooden figures have also disappeared. The ceiling painting was released from its anchoring towards the end of the Second World War . Since then, the whereabouts of this important work by Schuster-Woldan and the furnishings of the former Federal Council chamber have not been clarified.

The main decoration of the wood-paneled square hall are the large-format wall and ceiling paintings by Raffael Schuster-Woldan.

The two painted fields on the north wall represent the triumph of culture . The eastern wall of the hall shows the resting figure of agriculture and the striding hunt in the left field and a group of disputing men in the right field. The first field of the south wall depicts the theme of peace and fame and "a patriotic figure with the war banner of the German Reich". On the opposite field, land and sea power are depicted. The west wall, divided by the clock on the door, shows the subject of trade and colonies in the left field , while the figure of history is shown in the western right field , which leads back to the field of triumph of culture . In the four corners of the hall, on consoles under canopies, the figures of justice , peace , war and time are carved in wood based on designs by August Vogel . They lead over to the allegorical theme of the ceiling paintings, which extend over the nine fields of the ceiling. In the central portrait on the ceiling, the half-length figures of some men leading a dispute were shown in modern costumes. A German eagle symbolically spread its wings over the men. On both sides there are figures of good and perishable elements. The field on the side above the chimney shows The Law and The Interpretation in two shapes . The figures in the eastern side field are supposed to mean passing away and becoming , those in the western field are supposed to mean suffering and consolation . The longitudinal field on the south side of the ceiling contains a figure that sprinkles poppy seed capsules into eternity, and another who holds a fruit and embodies the present.

Schuster-Woldan in the time of National Socialism

Schuster-Woldan's ancient-mythological portrait painting was very well received by the National Socialist rulers. He made numerous portraits of women, including those of Winifred Wagner , Cosima Wagner and Emmy Göring . The works of Schuster-Woldan were of particular importance at the Great German Art Exhibition in Munich in 1941. Here the artist was given a special exhibition in which 27 paintings were shown. The focus of the special show was the naturalistic nude painting Das Leben , which was exhibited in the Munich Glass Palace as early as 1905 and was highlighted as the show's masterpiece in The Art for All . Declared not for sale in the catalog of the Great German Art Exhibition , it was nevertheless bought by Adolf Hitler for 60,000 Reichsmarks . With this award it was one of the highest endowed pictures between 1937 and 1944. After the exhibition was over, the painting was delivered to the Führerbau in Munich's Arcisstrasse in 1942 . After the end of World War II, it was confiscated by the American allies . It was later moved to a warehouse at the main customs office of the city of Munich and, in 1998, included in the holdings of the German Historical Museum , along with 23 other exhibits by the artist.

Schuster-Woldan was awarded the Goethe Medal for Art and Science , an award donated by Reich President Paul von Hindenburg in 1932.

Works (selection)

  • Woman with two children , 1902?
  • Intuition , before 1942
  • Mars and Venus , 1942
  • Night in Seville , 1924
  • Wilhelm and Marianne , before 1918
  • Samson and Dalila , before 1919
  • Reflection , 1922
  • The Morning - Nude Girls , 1918
  • The evening , 1919
  • The rest , 1905
  • At the free height , 1897
  • Lucas paints the Madonna , before 1942
  • The Source (Nude from the Back) , 1902
  • Painter and model , 1915/16
  • Reclining, before 1939
  • Girl with a basket of flowers , before 1941
  • Portrait of Molino von Kluck , before 1941
  • Woman with an ermine , 1924
  • Danae , before 1941
  • Family picture , before 1941
  • Portrait of a woman , 1927
  • Listeners , 1923
  • Hindenburg and Ludendorff , around 1941
  • Life , 1905
  • Cosima Wagner
  • Winifred Wagner
  • Mrs. Emmi Göring 1937
  • Carin Goering , 1937
  • Dido

In 2014 media attention was drawn to the retrieval and identification of the 1896 portrait of the Jewish art collector Clara Rosenthal , the wife of Eduard Rosenthal from Jena , who committed suicide in 1941. Until 2014, the portrait was in the possession of the Archdiocese of Paderborn , most recently in the Liborianum Paderborn. In February 2014 it was returned to Villa Rosenthal in Jena.

Paintings by Schuster-Woldan can also be found in museums and collections in Gera , Danzig and Weimar . Some works were exhibited for several years in buildings in the city of Garmisch-Partenkirchen , his last place of residence and work.

literature

Web links

Commons : Raffael Schuster-Woldan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Astrid Schuster-Woldan: 2006, p. 3.
  2. ↑ Richard Braungart: The last painter prince , Der Kunsthandel 1952, ISSN  0023-5504 , p. 12.
  3. ↑ Registration entry Raffael Schuster-Woldan at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich , accessed on March 19, 2014
  4. ↑ Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz (1915) (Ed.): Annual report 1914/15, p. 12.
  5. ^ Akademie der Künste: Directory of members , accessed on March 18, 2014
  6. ^ Akademie der Künste: inactive member , accessed on March 18, 2014
  7. ^ House of German Art: Biography Raffael Schuster-Woldan , accessed on March 19, 2014
  8. ↑ Wolfgang von Oettingen: The wall paintings by Raffael Schuster-Woldan in the Reichstag building , Art for everyone: painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture, Issue 12, Berlin 1911, pp. 284–288
  9. ^ Richard Braungart: The last painter prince , Der Kunsthandel 1952, ISSN  0023-5504 , p. 17.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang von Oettingen: The wall paintings by Raffael Schuster-Woldan in the Reichstag building , The art for everyone: painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture, issue 12, Berlin 1911, p. 288
  11. ↑ Wolfgang von Oettingen: The wall paintings by Raffael Schuster-Woldan in the Reichstag building , The art for everyone: painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture, issue 12, Berlin 1911, p. 287
  12. ↑ Wolfgang von Oettingen: The wall paintings by Raffael Schuster-Woldan in the Reichstag building , The art for everyone: painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture, issue 12, Berlin 1911, p. 286
  13. ↑ Wolfgang von Oettingen: The wall paintings by Raffael Schuster-Woldan in the Reichstag building , The art for everyone: painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture, issue 12, Berlin 1911, p. 285
  14. ↑ Wolfgang von Oettingen: The wall paintings by Raffael Schuster-Woldan in the Reichstag building , Art for everyone: painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture, issue 12, Berlin 1911, p. 284
  15. ↑ Helena Ketter: On the image of women in painting under National Socialism: an analysis of art magazines from the time of National Socialism , dissertation Univ. Passau 1999, LIT Münster 2002, ISBN 3-8258-6107-4 , p. 177ff
  16. ^ House of German Art: Raffael Schuster-Woldan , accessed on March 18, 2014.
  17. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/513 , accessed March 18, 2014
  18. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/514 , accessed March 18, 2014
  19. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/515 , accessed March 18, 2014
  20. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/516 , accessed March 18, 2014
  21. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/517 , accessed March 18, 2014
  22. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/518 , accessed March 18, 2014
  23. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/519 , accessed March 18, 2014
  24. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/520 , accessed March 18, 2014
  25. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/521 , accessed March 18, 2014
  26. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/522 , accessed March 18, 2014
  27. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/523 , accessed March 18, 2014
  28. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/524 , accessed March 18, 2014
  29. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/525 , accessed March 18, 2014
  30. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/526 , accessed March 18, 2014
  31. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/527 , accessed March 18, 2014
  32. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/528 , accessed March 18, 2014
  33. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/529 , accessed March 18, 2014
  34. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/530 , accessed March 18, 2014
  35. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/531 , accessed March 18, 2014
  36. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/532 , accessed March 18, 2014
  37. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/533 , accessed March 18, 2014
  38. ↑ DHM.de: inventory no. Gm 98/534 , accessed March 18, 2014
  39. ↑ DHM.de: Inventarnr.Gm 2005/113 , accessed on March 18, 2014
  40. ^ Image section of the exhibition catalog of the Great German Art Exhibition, p. 38
  41. ^ Art in the Third Reich, Volume 12, Munich 1937, p. 20
  42. ^ Art in the Third Reich, Volume 12, Munich 1937, p. 21
  43. ^ Art in the Third Reich, Volume 12, Munich 1937, p. 23
  44. ↑ Kenneth D. Alford: Hermann Goring and the Nazi Art Collection: The Looting of Europe's Art Treasures and Their Dispersal After World War II , McFarland 2012, ISBN 978-0-7864-8955-8 , p. 227
  45. ^ Art in the Third Reich, Volume 11, Munich 1937, p. 24
  46. ^ Spiegel-Online.de Clara Rosenthal - tragic fate of a Jewish patroness , accessed on March 18, 2014
  47. ^ Neue Westfälische.de The beautiful Clara Rosenthal returns home , accessed on March 18, 2014
  48. ↑ Schuster-Woldan, Raffael . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 30 : Scheffel – Siemerding . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1936, p. 346 .
personal data
SURNAME Schuster-Woldan, Raffael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schuster-Woldan, Raffael Hans Ulrich (full name); Woldan (stage name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH January 7, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Striegau , Province of Silesia
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1951
Place of death Garmisch-Partenkirchen