Raphael Eliaz
Raphael Eliaz , occasionally Rafael Eliaz , Hebrew רפאל אליעז(born in 1905 as Rudolf Elias Wienski in Sofia ; died on June 9, 1974 in Cholon , Tel-Aviv) was an Israeli writer , poet , editor , author , translator and songwriter in the genres of drama and poetry . He created numerous translations, including the works of Federico García Lorca and William Shakespeare .
Life
Origin and family
Eliaz was the son of Nissim Elias Wienski ( Hebrew נִסִּים אליאס-וִיֶינְסקי) and his wife Jaffe Elias Wienski ( Hebrew יָפֶה אליאס-וִיֶינְסקי) born. The name Wienski is of Bulgarian origin and means from the city of Vienna . The father was an Austrian tailor for children's clothing, who worked particularly in Vienna, which is where the additional family name "Wiener" came from. As a child, Rafael Eliaz was called Rudolf, or Rudi for short, and had two siblings, the older brother Viktor and the younger sister Rosa. He spent his childhood in the Jewish quarter of Sofia . The memories of his childhood there served as the background and title for one of his first volumes of poetry. First he attended the Jewish school in Sofia, where he learned Ivrit . Eliaz then attended the Classical Gymnasium in Sofia for two years, but left it due to an anti-Jewish comment by a teacher. He began to wonder about emigrating to the Promised Land and wrote in Bulgarian about the Zionist dream . After his agricultural training on a Zionist farm in Gorna Banja , he emigrated with his family to Palestine in 1923 . He now began to write permanently in Ivrit.
Years in Palestine and Israel
In Palestine he worked for the first three years in construction and agriculture at Petach Tikwa , Rishon LeZion and Tel Aviv . From 1926 he worked as an employee in the archives department of the Anglo-Palestine Bank in Tel Aviv. Due to economic difficulties, his family initially returned to Bulgaria, while he and his brother Viktor stayed in Palestine.
In 1942 Eliaz gave up his job at the bank and from then on devoted himself entirely to his literary work. He worked as a translator, editor and author for literary newspapers and magazines. In 1947 Eliaz became the first editor of Mischmar le-jeladim , the weekly children's supplement to the daily newspaper Al ha-Mischmar ("Auf der Wache"), the organ of the Hashomer Hatzair , and published children's stories and poems there. From 1948 to 1951 he published the literary supplement Massa von Al ha-Mischmar (before 1948 only Mischmar ). From then on he expanded his literary activity even further. In 1949, the Ohel Theater , which existed from 1925 to 1969, performed his play Jom menucha (he .: יוֹם מְנוּחָה; Eng .: day of rest ).
In 1951 he gave up the literary supplement to Al ha-Mischmar and went to the Habimah Theater as a translator. In 1953 he was hired by the director and actor Josef Milo (aka Pazovsky; 1916–1997) as a translator for the Cameri Theater .
In the mid 1950s he went to Spain to study Spanish language and literature at the University of Salamanca . In 1960 he was engaged by Josef Milo at the newly built city theater in Haifa. There he was responsible for the artistic direction, the dramaturgy and the repertoire .
Eliaz died in Cholon in June 1974 at the age of 69.
Act
Activity as a writer
At the Sofia high school Eliaz discovered his love for polyglot and classical literature, especially Shakespeare's dramas. His friends said: "Shakespeare did not disappear from his lips". Eliaz began to publish poetry in Bulgarian at the age of 17 . His work was published in the Bulgarian avant-garde magazine Hyperion , the editors of which were the poets Ludmil Stojanow and Todor Trajanov.
Although, as can be seen from surviving manuscripts, he began writing poetry in Hebrew as early as 1927, his first poem in Hebrew was not published until 1932: Seraphim we-Esch (he .: שְׂרָפִים ואֵש; Eng .: fire and flame ) and Tefilati le-Schemesch (he .: תפילתי לשמש; Eng .: My prayer for the sun ). It appeared in the literary magazine Ktuwim , in an adaptation by Avraham Schlonski and Elieser Steinman.
Eliaz brought out the first volume of poetry in 1939 under the title Schemesch ba-Drachim (he .: שמש בדרכים; German: sun on the ways ). From 1942 he began translating plays, such as the comedy Topas by Marcel Pagnol . The following year he began to publish his poems in Mischmar , the daily newspaper of Kibbutz HaArtzi and from 1948 the Mapam , for which he was working at the time. From 1943 he continued his literary work with articles for magazines, translations and theater works. He wrote for a long time and about many genres: poetry, poems, songs, ballads, folk and homeland songs, children's songs and plays (for children) such as Ha-Chatan ha-Schemini (he .: החתן השמיני; German: The eighth groom ) and Ha-Nessicha Lior (he .: הנְסִיכָה ליאור; dt .: The Princess Lior ). Ha-Bubba Siwa (he .: הבֻּבָּה זִיוָה dt .: The doll Siwa ) was his best-known piece for children, a play about the puppet Siwa in a puppet show by David ben Shalom. Various works were created in collaboration with Israeli composers: Ha-roah ha-K'tana (he .: הרועה הקטנה, German: Little Shepherdess ) together with Moshe Wilenski (he .: משה וילנסקי), today a well-known folk dance, Samar ahawa le -jam (he .: זמר אהבה לים, German: love song to the sea ) together with Sascha Argow (he .: סשה ארגוב) and Plada kachola (he .: פְּלָדָה כָּחֹלה; German: blue steel ) or Emek (he .: עֵמֶק; eng .: gorge ) together with Mark Lawri (he .: מרק לַבְרִי).
In 1946 he published his second volume of poetry Ahawa be-Midbar (he .: אהבה במדבר; Eng .: love in the desert), which was followed by several more. Two years after his death, his collected poems appeared in five volumes (edited by Chaim Nagid with introduction and bibliography). The edition contains lyrical songs, poems and ballads, including Tewat ha-Adiim (he .: תֵּיבַת העֲדִיים; German: jewelry box ) and Ha-chajat ha-Kachol (he: החַיָּט הכחול; German: blue tailor ).
Activity as a translator
In 1943 he published his translation of Irving Stone's book The Sailor on Horseback ; Translations of works by Federico García Lorca followed in Mischmar in 1944 . In 1946 he published the translation of John Steinbeck's collection of short stories The Red Pony and other short stories .
Ribbu'a ha-Ma'gal (he .: רִבּוּעַ המַעְגָּל; Ger .: Quadrature of the Circle ; en .: Quadrature of the Circle ) by V. Katsiev (he .: קטאייב) was also translated by Eliaz. The play had already been performed in 1938 by the Romanian theater director, director and author Victor Ion Popa at his theater "Luptă şi lumină". Eliaz also worked on the translation of the play Fuenteovejuna (Eng. Title: The famous drama of Fuente Ovejuna ) by Lope de Vega , which was performed at the Habima Theater in 1951.
Due to his knowledge of classical and modern European literature and his language skills, Eliaz became a sought-after translator on the Israeli stages. Habimah , the Cameri Theater and the Ohel Theater performed his translations on Shakespeare, Brecht , Molière , Lorca , Lope de Vega and others. He also provided translations of plays by Calderón , Georges Feydeau , Henrik Ibsen ( Nora or A Puppet's House ) and Clifford Odets . In 1958 he published his translation of the collection of poems Romancero gitano (1928) by Federico García Lorca .
In 1959 he was awarded the Tschernichowski Prize for his translations, in particular for Romancero gitano by Federico García Lorca, for the Shakespeare translations of Romeo and Juliet and Richard III. and for his translation of Lope de Vegas' Fuenteovejuna work .
Private
At the age of 24, Eliaz married Paula Kahane, who immigrated from Poland in 1929 (September 1, 1903 - October 26, 1960). The couple lived in Ramat Gan. In 1931 their eldest son, Uri, was born, who worked as a sculptor, painter and set designer. In 1932 Eliaz's family, who had temporarily returned to Bulgaria, returned to Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv. On January 8, 1936, the second son Amnon was born in Tel Aviv, who died in the 1982 Lebanon War .
Paula Eliaz was murdered by Alice Fano in October 1960. The case came to be known in Israel as Rezach Paula Eliaz . Alice Fano poisoned the poet's wife out of jealousy because she had been in love with him since 1954. Fano was first in prison and was later taken to a hospital for the mentally ill in Jerusalem's Talbieh neighborhood. She was pardoned by Israeli President Salman Shazar and released in September 1967.
Eliaz remarried and had two children with his second wife. He later divorced, moved to Jaffa alone and died in 1974.
Awards
Eliaz was awarded the Tschernichowski Prize in 1959 for his translations.
Publications
- Ahavah ba-midbar: shirim = אהבה במדבר: שירים. Sifriyat Po'alim =ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1946, OCLC 12147195 .
- Yalkut ha-ḳesamim: agadot VE sipure ' amim =ילקוט הקסמים: אגדות וספורי עמים. Hotsaʼat Sifriyat poʻalim =הוצאת ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1955, OCLC 23611897 .
- Raphael Eliaz together with Peter Merom = פטר מירום / רפאל אליעז: ha-Bubah Ziṿah =הבבה זיוה. Sifriyat Po'alim =ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1957, OCLC 41217203 .
- Raphael Eliaz together with Uri Eliʻaz = אורי אליעז / רפאל אליעז: Peraḥ ha-midbar: agadah be-ḥaruzim = פרח המדבר: אגדה בחרוזים . Sifriyat Poʻalim = ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1963, OCLC 50019956 .
- Shirim = שירים . Sifriyat Poʻalim = ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1976, OCLC 17035767 .
- Tevat ha- ' adayim: shirim = שירים: תבת העדיים . Hotsaʼat Sifriyat poʻalim = הוצאת ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1976, OCLC 19140305 .
- Hayat ha-kaḥol: shirim = החיט הכחל: שירים . Sifriyat Poʻalim = ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1977, OCLC 49577205 .
- Raphael Eliaz together with Chayim Nagid = חיים נגיד / רפאל אליעז: Ahavah ba-midbar ṿe-shirim aḥerim: (mivḥar shirim mishe-kevar) = אהבה במדבר ושירים אחרים: (מבחר משכברי) .יםר שרי . Sifriyat Poʻalim = ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1977, OCLC 17036006 .
- Raphael Eliaz together with Chayim Nagid = חיים נגיד / רפאל אליעז: Shire Yafo: shirim = שירי יפו: שירים . Sifriyat Poʻalim = ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1977, OCLC 17036000 .
- Ramon: shirot = רמון: שירות . Sifriyat Poʻalim = ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1977, OCLC 17035992 .
- Perahim mi-kol ha-Sadot: Romansero Espanyol: Targumim mi-ha-Shirat ' olam = פרחים מכל השדות: רומנסרו אספניול: (תרגומים משירת העולם) . Sifriyat Poʻalim = ספרית פועלים, Tel Aviv 1988, OCLC 779706577 .
- Raphael Eliaz together with Chayim Nagid = חיים נגיד / רפאל אליעז: Shire te ʼ aṭron: shirim ṿe-shire-zemer mitokh maḥazot meturgamim u-meḳoriyim = שירי תיאטרון: רירי ייווש: שי וו שיור: שי וו שיוומת: שי ומת . Safra Bet Hotsaʼah la-Or = ספרא, Tel Aviv 2009, OCLC 725258948 .
- Kesheha-guf ḥolem = כשהגוף חולם: מבחר שירים . Safra Bet Hotsaʼah la-Or = ספרא, Tel Aviv 2009, OCLC 503248530 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ דוד בן שלום (הונזו) ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Puppet theater.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Eliaz, Raphael |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Eliaz, Rafael; Wienski, Rudolf Elias |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Israeli writer, poet, editor, author, translator and songwriter in the genres of drama and poetry |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1905 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Sofia |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 9, 1974 |
| Place of death | Cholon , Tel-Aviv |