Reinhard Woltman
Reinhard Woltman , rarely also Woltmann (born December 28, 1757 in Axstedt , † April 20, 1837 in Hamburg ) was a German hydraulic engineer .
biography
Woltman was born as the son of Johann Woltman, a full courtier and his wife Adelheit, born Jacobsen was born in Axstedt on the Henriettenhof . He worked as a village school teacher in his hometown until 1779 and then worked as a clerk and sub-supervisor at the Ritzebüttel Coastal Protection Office (now part of Cuxhaven ), then part of Hamburg. From 1780, thanks to the advocacy of his superiors von Grumkow and Heinrich Zitting , he studied mathematics and hydraulic engineering at the Academic Gymnasium in Hamburg , among others with Johann Georg Büsch , who also made his library available to him. There he was also promoted by representatives of the Hamburg Admiralty , on condition that he went to the Hamburg State Service. After studying dyke construction for a year at the University of Kiel with Johann Nicolaus Tetens , in 1784 he went on a study trip to the University of Göttingen , where he attended lectures, to Frankfurt am Main , Strasbourg , Paris , along the Channel coast to Cherbourg and London and the Netherlands.
From 1784 he was back in Ritzebüttel, where he succeeded Zitting as deputy von Grumkow and soon enjoyed a high reputation as a hydraulic engineer and was practically (but not yet officially) responsible for the bank construction. Through his books he became known in scientific circles beyond Hamburg's borders and his work earned him a call as dikgrave in Oldenburg in 1790, which he turned down after accepting an extended area of responsibility in the Hamburg service. The work he directed included, for example, the fastening of the banks of the Elbe to the Glameyer Stack , dredging in the Elbe channel, a rinsing sluice in the port of Cuxhaven and the fortification of Neuwerk . But his advice was soon asked for when it came to the dykes near Hamburg.
[[In 1803 he took over the management in Ritzebüttel as the successor to Grumkow. From 1810 to 1814, during the French occupation, he was seconded to survey work for an Elbe-Weser canal planned by the French, and work on the dike fortifications was largely suspended. The French authorities appointed him on 10 March 1811 to Maire . In 1814 Woltman took over the management of the entire water and canal construction in Hamburg as director of the electricity and shore works, which he held until his retirement in 1836.]]
Around 1815 he was Lübeck's adviser on plans to expand the Stecknitz Canal . Together with Neumeister, he worked out an expert opinion on the establishment of a seaside resort in Cuxhaven. He was involved in regulating the Elbe through dams.
His books, especially his hydraulic architecture from 1791 to 1799, also found recognition beyond Germany. In 1792 he was made a member of the Dutch Society of Sciences in Haarlem and that of the Batavian Society of Experimental Philosophy in Rotterdam , and he also became a member of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences in Prague and a corresponding member of both the Göttingen and the Prussian Academy of Sciences .
The principle of measuring currents with impellers, described by him in 1790, which are also referred to as Woltmann wings after him , is still used today, among other things, in measuring the amount of water using Woltmann meters .
Woltmann, who also dealt with the practical application of astronomy for navigation in shipping and published a widely used manual about it in 1819, was one of the sponsors of the establishment of an observatory in Hamburg. Its founder, Johann Georg Repsold from Wremen , was one of his students in 1788, he taught mathematics and took part in surveying work. He also sponsored the navigation school and its later director Karl Rümker , who also published the following editions of his manual (also sponsored by the Hamburg Mathematical Society ).
Woltman also plays a role in soil mechanics . Independently of Coulomb, he developed an earth pressure theory in which he introduced an angle of friction, which he associated for the first time with the natural maximum slope angle of the soil. He carried out experiments and attributed the fact that the measured earth pressure on a retaining wall was lower than predicted according to his theory to wall friction.
Since 1797 he was married to the daughter of Jacob Schuback (President of the Hamburg Stack Deputation ) Johanna Elizabeth Schuback, with whom he had five children, including the daughter Wilhelmine, the mother of the civil engineer and town planner Reinhard Baumeister . On his 50th anniversary in 1834 Woltman received an honorary gift of 3,000 marks from the Hamburg Senate.
Memorial commemoration
- A street in Hamburg was named after him in 1843.
- The Woltmankaje in Cuxhaven received his name in 1927.
- Various ships such as the steam tug Woltman (1904) and the measuring ship Reinhard Woltman (1980) were named after him.
- In his hometown of Axstedt a street was named after him in the 2000s.
Works
- The theory and use of the hydrometric wing, or a reliable method of observing the speed of winds and flowing waters . Hamburg 1790. doi: 10.3931 / e-rara-16684
- Contributions to the hydraulic architecture . Volumes 1–4, Johann Christian Dieterich, Göttingen 1791–1799.
- Contributions to the architecture of navigable canals , Heinrich Dieterich, Göttingen 1802, digitized
- Theory and description of a ventilator for airing vessels, vaults, mines, coal-pits . Perthes, Hamburg 1805, digitized
- History and description of the hydraulic structures in the Ritzebüttel district . Nestler, Hamburg 1807
- About the public building industry, and the appropriate facilities according to which state buildings and works are to be carried out sparingly . Bohn, Hamburg 1814
- Map and description of the fairway of the Elbe estuary, the local sea signals and the pilotage . 1816, revised edition 1826, 1831
- About the building law procedure for improving rivers . Perthes, Hamburg 1820 ( archive.org ).
- Comments on the current epidemic in the marshland on the North Sea, in particular also in the Ritzebüttel office . Perthes, Hamburg 1826
- Brief history and description of the bank structures on the island of Neuwerk, as the sixth section describing the Ritzebüttel hydraulic structures from 1807 . Langhoff, Hamburg 1826 (Hamburg State and University Library, digitized version ).
- Contributions to making the rivers navigable . In Commission of the Heroldschen Buchhandlung, Hamburg 1826, edition 1835, digitized .
- Some remarks and discussions on the position and steadfastness of solid bodies when they are floating on water . In: Treatises of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin , from 1827, Berlin 1830, p. 115 ff.
literature
- Norbert Fischer: Hamburg's regulated electricity. About Reinhard Woltman and the power of the infrastructures on the Lower Elbe in the early 19th century . In: Andreas Martin / Norbert Fischer (eds.): The Elbe. About the change of a river from the Congress of Vienna (1815) to the present . Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2018 (Writings on Saxon History and Folklore; 58), ISBN 978-3-96023-205-6 , pp. 141–156
- Norbert Fischer: Reinhard Woltman , in: Biographies between Elbe and Weser , Volume 2, ed. by Jan Lokers and Heike Schlichting (series of publications by the Landscape Association of the Former Duchies of Bremen and Verden, Volume 35), Stade 2010, ISBN 978-3-931879-46-4 , pp. 347-350
- Jürgen W. Koch: Woltman, Reinhard . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 2 . Christians, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-7672-1366-4 , pp. 451-451 .
- Hermann Joachim : Woltman, Reinhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 44, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 192-199.
- (Woltmann) In: Moritz Rühlmann : Lectures on the history of technical mechanics . Baumgärtner, Leipzig 1885, p. 280 ff., Urn : nbn: de: bsz: 14-db-id4466915504
- 4507. Woltmann (Reinhard) . In: Hans Schröder : Lexicon of the Hamburg writers up to the present . 8th volume (1883), Westphalen - Zylius, pp. 168 ff.
- Friedrich Adolf Becker: Cuxhaven and the office Ritzebüttel . Hamburg 1880.
Web links
- biography
- Woltmann grand piano
- Woltman, Reinhard. In: cuxpedia.de. Retrieved July 24, 2015 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ That seems to be a misspelling from the first volume of his Hydraulic Architecture , the subsequent volumes under Woltman.
- ↑ From 1792 he received the title of director at his own request.
- ↑ cf. on this: Norbert Fischer: Reinhard Woltman , in: Life courses between Elbe and Weser , Volume 2, ed. by Jan Lokers and Heike Schlichting (series of publications by the Landscape Association of the Former Duchies of Bremen and Verden, Volume 35), Stade 2010, ISBN 978-3-931879-46-4 , pp. 347-350
- ↑ According to the article in the Hamburg biography from 2003, the Rhine straightener Johann Gottfried Tulla was also his student.
- ^ History of the Navigation School
- ↑ In his articles on hydraulic architecture see Achim Hettler ; Karl-Eugen Kurrer : Earth pressure . Berlin: Ernst & Sohn 2019, pp. 19-23, ISBN 978-3-433-03274-9
- ↑ Reint de Boer , for example briefly set out in his book The engineer and the scandal , Springer, 2005, p. 127ff, or in his article in the Nendza-Festschrift, Essen 1988
- ↑ Norbert Fischer: Reinhard Woltman , in: Life courses between Elbe and Weser , Volume 2, ed. by Jan Lokers and Heike Schlichting (series of publications by the Landscape Association of the Former Duchies of Bremen and Verden, Volume 35), Stade 2010, ISBN 978-3-931879-46-4 , p.349
- ↑ https://www.hamburg.de/hu/hafenmessfahrten/113076/messschiff-hafenmessfahrten/
- ↑ https://www.vesselfinder.com/de/vessels/REINHARD-WOLTMAN-IMO-0-MMSI-211693600
- ↑ Review: Christian Daniel Beck (Ed.): General Repertory of the latest domestic and foreign literature for 1827 , 3rd volume. Carl Cnobloch, Leipzig 1827, p. 280 ff., Digitized
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Woltman, Reinhard |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Woltmann, Reinhard |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German hydraulic engineer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 28, 1757 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Axstedt |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 20, 1837 |
| Place of death | Hamburg |