Rice paper tree
| Rice paper tree | ||||||||||||
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Rice paper tree ( Tetrapanax papyrifer ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Tetrapanax | ||||||||||||
| ( K.Koch ) K.Koch | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Tetrapanax papyrifer | ||||||||||||
| ( Hook. ) K. Cook |
The tetrapanax ( Tetrapanax papyrifer ) is the only plant species of the genus Tetrapanax within the family of Araliaceae (Araliaceae). It is based in China .
description
Appearance and leaf
The rice paper tree grows as an evergreen shrub or small tree that can reach heights of up to 3.5 meters. The trunk and branches have no spines . The trunk has a diameter of up to 9 centimeters. Its marrow is homogeneous and white. Many parts of the plant are densely covered with woolly rust-colored to light brown star hair.
The alternate leaves are large and divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole-round and bald petiole has a length of up to 50 centimeters. The simple, paper-like to almost leathery leaf blade is 50 to 75 centimeters wide and oval-elongated in outline with a blunt to heart-shaped blade base, palmate with seven to twelve leaf lobes that usually end at a point. The leaf edges are completely to roughly serrated. The underside of the leaf is hairy and the upper side glabrous. The central veins of the individual lobes are whitish. The two distinctive, free stipules are awl-shaped with a length of 7 to 8 centimeters.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period in China extends from October to December. The branched, paniculate entire inflorescence, which stands at the end of a 1 to 1.5 centimeter long inflorescence stem, is composed of dold-like partial inflorescences , which have a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters and contain many flowers. The inflorescence axes are initially densely hairy and later bald.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and usually four or rarely five-fold with a double flower envelope . The four or five sepals , barely recognizable at a length of about 1 millimeter, are woolly hairy. The four or rarely five petals about 2 millimeters long are yellowish-whitish and woolly hairy. There is only one circle with four or rarely five stamens . The stamens are 3 millimeters long. Two carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. The two free styles are upright in the anthesis and later curved back.
Fruit and seeds
The spherical with a diameter of about 4 millimeters, laterally slightly flattened drupes color when ripe dark purple. The laterally flattened seeds contain endosperm . The fruits ripen in China between January and February.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.
Occurrence
Tetrapanax papyrifer thrives in mixed shrubbery at altitudes of 100 to 2800 meters. Locations are given for Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangxi , Shaanxi , southwest Sichuan , northwest Yunnan and Zhejiang .
Systematics
The first publication of this kind took place in 1852 under the name of William Jackson Hooker in Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany , Volume 4, pages 50 and 53, Table 1-2. In 1859 Karl Heinrich Koch first introduced the sub-genus Didymopanax subg. Tetrapanax with the type species Tetrapanax papyrifer in the Wochenschrift für Härtnerei und botany , Volume 2, p. 371, there with the spelling “papyriferum”. He later gave her the rank of genus Tetrapanax . Other synonyms for Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch are: Aralia papyrifera Hook. , Aralia mairei H.Lév. , Fatsia papyrifera (Hook.) Miq. ex Witte , Didymopanax papyriferus (Hook.) K. Koch , Echinopanax papyriferus (Hook.) Kuntze , Panax papyrifer (Hook.) F. Muell.
Tetrapanax papyrifer is the only species of the genus Tetrapanax (K.Koch) K.Koch in the subfamily Aralioideae within the family Araliaceae .
use
Tetrapanax papyrifer is grown as a medicinal plant and is used in traditional Chinese medicine under the name "Tong cao" ( 蓪 草 , also: 通 草 , tōngcǎo ) or "Tong to mu" ( 通 脫 木 / 通 脱 木 , tōngtuōmù ). Tetrapanax papyrifer is used as an ornamental plant in tropical to subtropical parks and gardens . The pulp of the trunk is cut into pieces and processed into paper, called " rice paper ", from which the epithet papyrifer is derived .
swell
- Qibai Xiang, Porter P. Lowry: Araliaceae. : Genus and Art, p. 440 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 . (Sections Description, System, Occurrence and Use)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tertrapanax papyrifer at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ Tetrapanax papyrifer at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ DG Frodin, Rafaël Govaerts: World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae. 2004: Araliaceae. In: Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Tetrapanax. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 2, 2018.
- ↑ Mark Nesbitt, Ruth Prosser, Ifan Williams: RICE-PAPER PLANT - TETRAPANAX PAPYRIFER The Gauze of the Gods and its products. Full text PDF at The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010.
- ^ Tetrapanax in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: CRC Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8493-2673-7 , p. 2652.
