Red ox

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Red ox
Red Ox (2016)
Information about the institution
Surname Red ox
Reference year 1842
Red Ox in 1990
1999

The Red Ox (now JVA Halle I ) is a correctional facility in Halle (Saale) , Am Kirchtor 20. The name has been traceable since the end of the 19th century, its origin is unclear. It is said to be due to the color of the masonry of the building.

There has also been a memorial there since 1996.

Justice story

Prussia

After six years of construction, the Red Ox was put into operation in 1842 as the "Royal Prussian Penal, Learning and Correctional Institution". On February 7, 1885, the anarchists August Reinsdorf and Emil Küchler were executed in the asylum . On September 28, 1883, they attempted to kill Kaiser Wilhelm I by assassinating the Niederwald monument in Rüdesheim . During the First World War , Werner Scholem, a soldier who later became a member of the Reichstag for the KPD, was incarcerated in Halle from February to August 1917. He was sentenced to ten months in prison for participating in an anti-war demonstration in uniform in January 1917. He spent the last weeks of his sentence in the central fortress prison in Spandau.

time of the nationalsocialism

In the early years of National Socialist rule , the Red Ox served as a prison and so-called “ protective custody camp ” from 1933 to 1935 . From 1935 it was used as a penitentiary mainly for political prisoners. Based on an order of the Reich Ministry of Justice of March 19, 1939, the Red Ox also served as the central place of execution from 1942 to April 1945 . By the end of the war, 549 prisoners from 15 countries died here by guillotine or hanging .

The bodies of the executed or parts of them may have been used for scientific purposes. At the request of the physiologist Gotthilft von Studnitz , at least 35 delinquents had their eyes removed immediately after death for research into dark adaptation .

Soviet occupation zone and German Democratic Republic

A few weeks after the end of the war, the US Army withdrew from Halle. From July 1945 the Soviet occupying power used the prison as a detention and internment camp for the NKVD . Until 1950, Soviet military trials against thousands of prisoners from all over Saxony-Anhalt took place in the Rote Ochsen . After that, the use of the building was shared by the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry for State Security (MfS) of the GDR . In addition to its use for the penal system with 470 places for female prisoners from all over the GDR, the Red Ox served the MfS as a remand prison since 1952. During the June 17 uprising , doctoral student Gerhard Schmidt was shot dead by the police while in prison.

The Red Ox was the official seat of the MfS departments VIII (observation and investigation), IX (investigative body) and XIV (pre-trial detention and penal system) as well as the working group XXII (counter-terrorism) of the MfS district administration in Halle. By 1989, over 9,000 people had been held in pre-trial detention in Halle.

Federal Republic of Germany

The Rote Ochse is now a correctional facility (JVA Hall I) . For matters of criminal enforcement order relating to the prison hall I detained prisoners, which is Penal Execution Chamber of the Landgericht Halle responsible.

memorial

Since February 15, 1996 there has been a memorial for the victims of political persecution in the years 1933 to 1945 and 1945 to 1989 in the former execution building of the Nazi judiciary, which had been converted by the Stasi into an interrogator building. The memorial also wants Be a place of learning, education and research as well as a place of mourning, remembrance and remembrance. After the redesign, a permanent exhibition has been on view on three floors since February 15, 2006. There is also an area for temporary exhibitions.

Michael Viebig is the head of the memorial . The memorial is part of the Saxony-Anhalt Memorials Foundation .

literature

  • Kurt Fricke: The correctional facility “Roter Ochse” Halle / Saale 1933–1945. A documentation . Published by the Ministry of the Interior of the State of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg 1997 ( memorials and memorial work in the state of Saxony-Anhalt 3).
  • Michael Viebig: The Halle / Saale prison as a place of execution for the National Socialist judiciary (1942 to 1945) . Published by the Ministry of the Interior of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg 1998.
  • Alexander Sperk: The MfS remand prison “Roter Ochse” Halle / Saale from 1950 to 1989. A documentation . Published by the Ministry of the Interior of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg 1998.
  • Kurt Fricke: The Roter Ochse prison in Halle 1933 to 1989 . In: Werner Freitag, Katrin Minner, Andreas Ranft (eds.): History of the city of Halle . Volume 2: Halle in the 19th and 20th centuries . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2006, ISBN 3-89812-383-9 , pp. 415-431.
  • Daniel Bohse, Alexander Sperk (arr.): The Red Ox Halle (Saale). Political Justice 1933–1945, 1945–1989 . Edited by Joachim Scherrieble. Christoph Links Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86153-480-8 ( series of publications by the Sachsen-Anhalt Memorials Foundation 1). [1]

Web links

Commons : Roter Ochse (Halle)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Dieter Schreeb: Cheap fuse prevents an attack. In: Wiesbadener Tagblatt . November 27, 2004, archived from the original on May 1, 2005 ; Retrieved March 9, 2013 .
  2. ↑ alph Erbar: The history of Germania. (PDF; 91 kB) Attachments to the report: “How in 125 years the watch on the Rhine became a tourist attraction”. (No longer available online.) Pressetext.com, September 11, 2008, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved on March 9, 2013 ( URL of the corresponding message ). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pressetext.com
  3. ↑ See Ralf Hoffrogge : Werner Scholem - a political biography (1895–1940) , UVK Konstanz 2014, ISBN 978-3-86764-505-8 ; Pp. 96-110, p. 462.
  4. ^ Rolf Gattermann, Volker Neumann: The history of zoology in Halla (Saale) in: Zoologie 2002, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Zoologischer Gesellschaft, p. 16 ff.
  5. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education: Gerhard Schmidt at http://www.17juni53.de
  6. ↑ Sandy Schulze: Michael Viebig is the new head of the Red Ox in Halle: History that remains. In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung. March 25, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2017 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ′ 29.7 "  N , 11 ° 57 ′ 37.3"  E