Rudolf Beyendorff

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Beyendorff in 1911 laying the foundation stone for the Mater Dolorosa church

Rudolf Beyendorff (born October 19, 1876 in Staßfurt , † May 2, 1947 in Berlin ) was a German lawyer , administrative officer and local politician ; "The father of Lankwitz". He became known through his work as the first mayor of the Lankwitz community . Beyendorff is considered the founder of the garden city of Lankwitz ; developed the village of Lankwitz 1908-1914 into a modern community as a suburb of Berlin (since 1920 part of the Steglitz district from Berlin).

Life

Rudolf Beyendorff was born on October 19, 1876 in the Prussian administrative district of Magdeburg in Staßfurt . He studied political science at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen , received his doctorate in 1900 and was a lecturer at the university. In 1903 he became Germany's youngest mayor in the town of Kösen in the Prussian administrative district of Merseburg. In 1906 he went to Steglitz , worked as a parish syndic and honorary aldermen .

Advertising brand of the garden city Berlin-Lankwitz

Garden City of Lankwitz (1908–1918)

On April 1, 1908, Beyendorff was elected the first full-time, paid community leader and mayor of Lankwitz - at that time still a community in the Teltow district . Before that, Friedrich Dillges was honorary community leader from 1895 to March 31, 1908 .

Quickly after taking office, Beyendorff organized an efficient administration in Lankwitz. As early as September 1908, he had a development plan drawn up, which later became the first partial plan for the Berlin overall development plan. In 1908, at his suggestion, the municipal administration decided to found the Lankwitzer Terrain- und Baugesellschaft in order to develop Lankwitz into an "elegant place to live" - ​​a garden city without any industrial settlement. With the help of the company, the community was able to acquire, vacate and finally sell land to settlers - mostly from the nearby imperial capital Berlin . It represented a modern combination of infrastructure measures and private financing with the aim of saving taxes - today such public-private partnerships are called public-private partnerships . A real estate and industrial fund and a parking fund were also set up.

Beyendorff was the initiator of the construction of the Lankwitz town hall with a post office and a police station. After two years of construction, the town hall was inaugurated on September 2, 1911. The post office in the town hall opened on April 1, 1911, making Lankwitz a postal district. This was a significant event for the up-and-coming community, as it previously belonged to the Groß- Lichterfelde postal district . Lankwitz had no identity to the outside world without its own post office district, hardly anyone knew the suburb in Berlin, Lankwitz business people often indicated their place of residence as Groß-Lichterfelde according to their postal affiliation.

Beyendorff and his local council were present on August 20, 1911 as a guest of honor at the laying of the foundation stone of the Mater Dolorosa church planned in the 1911 development plan . The consecration of the church took place on September 22, 1912 , and Beyendorff allowed the subsequent celebration to be held in the premises of the town hall, as there was no other sufficiently large meeting room in Lankwitz at that time.

Beyendorff initiated the creation of the centrally located community park Lankwitz , which was laid out according to the plans and under the direction of Carl Rimann from 1910 to 1912 and opened as Beyendorffpark on September 2, 1911 . He was also responsible for the construction of the new school building for the lyceum and the adjoining community festival hall (1913–1914; today's Beethoven secondary school with auditorium ). In 1913, the Bernkastler Platz with a multi-storey car park, affectionately known as the cheese bell , was completed at his instigation.

Within a short time, Lankwitz was developed by Beyendorff - from 1912 together with the municipal building officer Fritz Freymüller - into a flourishing suburb of the imperial capital, with villas and housing estates. The municipal administration used postcards, picture sheets and stickers with the name Gartenstadt Lankwitz and the slogan “14 minutes from Potsdamer Platz ”, the travel time of the existing rail link from Lankwitz station , to attract well-off tenants from Berlin.

In addition to the expansion into a villa colony, Beyendorff campaigned for welfare , for example for the establishment of an association for child care and nursing. His wife took over the honorary chairmanship of the Association for Child Welfare and Nursing, founded in 1909, as well as the supervision of the nursing home. Beyendorff founded an office for the poor and orphans (predecessor of the social welfare office ). He stipulated that women could be employed as poor carers and members of the Poor Office, so that women were soon employed in the administration in Lankwitz for the first time. In 1911 a training school for commercial and industrial issues was founded. In 1911 he initiated the establishment of the public library, a school savings bank , a youth home and a school doctor was employed. Beyendorff was actively supported by his daughter Edelgard Maria and also worked closely with James Fraenkel , community representative and founder of the Berolinum nursing home for the mentally and mentally ill .

By the beginning of the First World War , Lankwitz had become a modern municipality within a few years - intentionally without any industrial settlement. During the First World War, construction work also had to cease in Lankwitz. The Landwehr officer Beyendorff was drafted into Jüterbog on August 10, 1914 . A little later, his brother-in-law fell, leaving behind his wife and two young children. Beyendorff experienced the horror of war. After the end of the First World War, he immediately resumed his work in Lankwitz.

November Revolution and Weimar Republic (1918–1933)

Immediately after the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in the course of the November Revolution , Beyendorff recognized the Workers 'and Soldiers' Council and worked with it. Beyendorff emphatically acknowledged “the new time” and at the same time urged “to put everything that separates aside and to shake hands to work together”, according to the people's assembly on November 13, 1918 in the Lankwitzer Festhalle (today aula of the Beethoven- High school ).

On December 13, 1918, the workers' council - consisting of the citizens of Lankwitz, teacher Otto Ostrowski (later Lord Mayor of Berlin, 1946–1947), postal secretary Ernst Streibing (1866–1940), gardening owner Johannes Wulff and the local councilor and factory owner Heinrich Denecke - took over the Power in Lankwitz. Beyendorff resisted the violent impeachment and had a statement published in the local newspaper Lankwitzer Nachrichten :

“The workers' council is prevented from exercising my office

  1. for no reason, because it is not right that I have 'constantly opposed a fruitful cooperation between the municipal administration and the workers' council'. I have repeatedly confessed to the facts created by the revolution in public rallies and I have not refused the workers' council the participation in the administration, which it was entitled to under the regulations of the government. On the other hand, however, I also considered it my duty to uphold the constitutional competence of the community organs.
  2. unlawful: because removal from office - even after the revolution - only belongs to the government. I have appealed to the Minister of the Interior, whose decision remains to be seen.

Berlin-Lankwitz, December 14, 1918
Mayor Dr. Beyendorff "

- Rudolf Beyendorff

The municipal council also protested against the impeachment in a statement:

“We raise the sharpest protest, as against the removal from office of the community leader, also against this new encroachment on the constitutional competence of the community organs and against this unheard-of restriction of our civil liberty and we expect immediate measures from the new Prussian government to break this unlawful situation To end.
Berlin-Lankwitz, December 17, 1918
The members of the
Correns municipal council , Forthmann , Dr. Fraenkel , Hildebrandt, Franz Lüdicke, Fritz Lüdecke , Marchand , Dr. Sour, chic, Schmidt, Steck "

- Local council Berlin – Lankwitz

As a result of the solidarity stance of the community council, the meetings of the community council were sabotaged by the workers' council. Beyendorff finally made his office available on February 11, 1919 due to the hindrance to the exercise of office. Initially, the lawyer Sievers took over the office on a provisional basis, until Otto Ostrowski, who was a member of the workers' council, became the honorary community leader on October 24, 1919.

Beyendorff continued to work on administrative bodies. He was secretary of the Berlin suburb community and submitted a draft law on the future municipal constitution of Greater Berlin to the board and the constitutional committee . In the draft, he proposed the essential regulations that came into force on October 1, 1920 with the Greater Berlin Act. Lankwitz was incorporated into Greater Berlin, thus losing its independence and becoming part of the new Steglitz administrative district .

The violent removal of Beyendorff by the workers' council was condemned on September 22, 1922 by the 5th criminal chamber of the District Court II in Berlin and found that Beyendorff had been wronged.

Period of National Socialism (1933–1945)

Beyendorff then worked for a real estate company in Berlin. In 1938 he went to Schmiedeberg in Silesia and took part in the Schmiedeberger metal goods factory. Since he refused the Nazi Party to join the 1933 re-named after him was Beyendorffpark in 1939 again in community park renamed. After the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944 , he was temporarily detained by the Gestapo in August 1944 because of his connection to the Kreisauer Kreis resistance group . However, his daughter Ruth Brugsch, who was also arrested, was not released until 1945.

After the Second World War (1945–1947)

After the Second World War , the factory was taken from him by Poland and the German workers fired. In November 1945 he fled with his family to Lankwitz, the entire household, which was only moved to Schmiedeberg in 1944 due to the Allied air raids on Berlin (see also Lankwitz bomb night ), had to stay behind. Beyendorff reportedly particularly regretted the loss of his library of over 2,000 books. The Beyendorff family could only take the bare essentials with a handcart on the arduous footpath back to Lankwitz; they could only use the occasional transport.

When they arrived in Lankwitz, the Beyendorff family could not move into their house at Calandrellistraße 16 (built by Beyendorff in 1908), as it was confiscated and occupied by over 40 US soldiers. They were therefore temporarily accommodated at Beethovenstrasse 39. After a few months the Beyendorff family was able to move into their villa again. The Beyendorffs were in poor health. They were very emaciated. The daughter Edelgard looked after her parents until she finally fell ill with a purulent inflammation of the bones ( osteomyelitis ).

Immediately after his return to Lankwitz, Beyendorff made contact with democratic German politicians from the very beginning, for example with the former President of the German Reichstag Paul Löbe , in order to make his communal and political experience available for the rebuilding of a second German democracy. He joined the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), but soon left again because he feared Stalinization and did not agree to the path of neutralization of Germany that the CDU leadership was considering at the time . He eventually became a member of the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDP), which immediately proposed him for election to the Berlin magistrate on October 20, 1946. He was originally supposed to take over the building and housing department, after the election he was to become city councilor for post and telecommunications, which he refused on the grounds that he did not understand anything about it.

In autumn 1946 Beyendorff founded the construction company Bau-Aktiengesellschaft-Berlin-Lankwitz and planned the establishment of a protection association for property ownership . In March 1947 he took over the construction company Schweighöfer & Co with 200 employees and integrated it into his construction company.

At the age of 70, he finally died on May 2, 1947 in Lankwitz, most recently at Calandrellistraße 16. His widow received numerous letters of condolence, including from the Berlin magistrate, from the mayor Louise Schroeder , from the mayor Ferdinand Friedensburg , from Jakob Kaiser ( CDU), the former Reichstag President Paul Löbe and the Berlin regional association of the CDU. His funeral on May 9, 1947 was attended to in public. His grave - with the inscription "Der Vater von Lankwitz" - is located in the Lichterfelde park cemetery (family grave; Im Walde 489).

Rudolf Beyendorff was married to Claire (also Klara) Beyendorff, née Müller (* August 2, 1879, † August 14, 1962). They had two daughters together: Edelgard Maria Ratzsch (1908–1995) and Ruth Brugsch, both born. Beyendorff.

Appreciation

Grave with the inscription "The father of Lankwitz"
Rudolf-Beyendorff-Ring in Berlin-Lankwitz

Beyendorff's gravestone bears the inscription: "The father of Lankwitz".

Rudolf-Beyendorff-Ring in Lankwitz: In the Kurfürsten-Viertel , the newly constructed private road on the site of the former Lankwitz animal shelter (1901-2001) was christened Rudolf-Beyendorff-Ring on December 16, 2002 . On June 20, 2003 it was officially opened in the presence of the then Steglitz-Zehlendorf district mayor , Herbert Weber, Beyendorff's granddaughter Verena Ratzsch-Beyendorff, other invited guests and residents.

Publications

  • The police officer, his rights and duties in a popular constitutional representation . ES Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1900. (Dissertation)
  • The history of the Reichsgewerbeordnung (1901) . Hirschfeld, Leipzig 1901; New edition 2010, Kessinger Pub Co, ISBN 978-1-169-06507-9 .
  • The system of the Reichs-Gewerbeordnung . J. Guttentag, Berlin 1902; New edition, de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-169695-9 .

literature

  • Historical Lankwitz Working Group: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff. Self-published by the author, Berlin 2001.
  • Paul Hiller: Chronicle Lankwitz (= preprint . Volume No. 5/6). Word & Image Specials, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-926578-19-X .
  • Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff - the first mayor of Lankwitz. In: Heimatverein Steglitz e. V. (Ed.): Steglitzer Heimat. Volume 47, No. 1/2, Berlin 2003, pp. 21-29.
  • Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff - the first mayor of Lankwitz. In: Heimatverein Steglitz e. V. (Ed.): Steglitzer Heimat. 49th vol., No. 1, Berlin 2004, pp. 11-16.
  • Wolfgang Friese: The Lankwitz town hall is 100 years old. Mayor Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff (1876–1947). In: Heimatverein Steglitz e. V. (Ed.): Steglitzer Heimat. 56th vol., No. 1, 2011, pp. 20-21.
  • Lankwitzer Bilderbogen: You worked body and soul for the "garden city of Lankwitz". Berlin, July 10, 1987.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. Volume 47, No. 1/2, 2003, p. 21.
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Friese: The town hall Lankwitz […] Beyendorff (1876-1947). In: Steglitz home. Vol. 56, No. 1, 2011, p. 20.
  3. ↑ Paul Hiller: Chronicle Lankwitz […] Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-926578-19-X , pp. 112-113.
  4. ↑ Annelen Hölzner-Bautsch: 100 years of Mater Dolorosa Church. History of the Catholic community in Berlin-Lankwitz 1912 to 2012 . Editor: Catholic Parish Mater Dolorosa, self-published, Berlin 2012, p. 22 ff.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. Volume 47, No. 1/2, 2003, p. 25.
  6. ↑ a b Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. Volume 47, No. 1/2, 2003, p. 26.
  7. ↑ a b c Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. Volume 47, No. 1/2, 2003, p. 27.
  8. ↑ a b Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. Volume 47, No. 1/2, 2003, p. 28.
  9. ↑ a b c Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. 49th volume, No. 1, 2004, p. 11.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. Volume 47, No. 1/2, 2003, p. 29.
  11. ↑ At the community park . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  12. ^ At the Beyendorffpark . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  13. ↑ a b Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. 49th volume, No. 1, 2004, p. 12.
  14. ↑ a b Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. 49th volume, No. 1, 2004, p. 13.
  15. ↑ Uta Lehnert: A voice for the dead. Parkfriedhof Lichterfelde. Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1996.
  16. ↑ Historical Lankwitz Working Group: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] town hall . 2001, p. 25.
  17. ^ Rudolf Beyendorff Ring. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  18. ↑ Hildegund Wölfel: Official inauguration of the Beyendorff Ring by District Mayor Herbert Weber. (No longer available online.) In: Steglitz.de. District center Steglitz e. V., archived from the original on January 19, 2014 ; Retrieved March 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / steglitz.de
  19. ↑ Wolfgang Friese: Dr. Rudolf Beyendorff […] Lankwitz. In: Steglitz home. 49th vol., No. 1, 2004, pp. 15-16.
  20. ↑ Archive of the Heimatverein Steglitz  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.steglitz.de  
  21. ↑ Archive of the Heimatverein Steglitz  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.steglitz.de  
personal data
SURNAME Beyendorff, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, local politician, "The father of Lankwitz"
DATE OF BIRTH October 19, 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Staßfurt
DATE OF DEATH May 2, 1947
Place of death Berlin