Runmarö
| Runmarö | ||
|---|---|---|
| Waters | Baltic Sea | |
| Geographical location | 59 ° 17 ′ N , 18 ° 46 ′ E | |
|
||
| length | 3 kilometers | |
| width | 5 kilometers | |
| surface | 1,500 hectares | |
| Highest elevation | 35 m | |
| Residents | 300 | |
With around 1,500 hectares, Runmarö is one of the larger islands in the Stockholm archipelago . It is located south of Kanholmsfjärden , in the middle of Sandön in the east and Stavsnäs in the west on Värmdö's easternmost part. The island is about 3 kilometers long and 5 kilometers wide. The highest point is 35 meters above sea level . The number of inhabitants is around 300. In the summer months this number rises to 3,000 to 4,000 people. The reason are the many summer guests on Runmarö. On the island there is a restaurant, a cinema, cafes, a bakery, a few shops, a boatyard as well as tennis and soccer fields. Runmarö is known for its many types of orchids .
The regular boat lines depart from Stavsnäs and dock at Runmarös landing stages in Styrsvik , Gatan and Långvik.
history
Place name
The name Runmarös was "Rudmi" in the 12th century, "Rödman", "Rudman", "Rumban" or "Rumman" in the 1500s and 1600s and was only called Runmarö from the 17th century. The name probably has to do with the word "Rodd" ( German rowing ). In ancient times one was very often forced to row the sailing ships against the current in the bays of the large islands. Another theory about the origin of the place name says that the name comes from the many reddish stone slabs that can be found on Runmarö and in its vicinity. The old Swedish original words are: rudhme, rødhme , 'reddish; Rust'.
"Rumlarön" is a nickname for the island that August Strindberg used in a letter from 1906 to his friend Gustaf Jansson in Långvik.
Lime and mineral extraction
The oldest text about Runmarö dates back to 1288, when Magnus Ladulås donated Orminge, Runmarö, Skarp-Runmarö, Munkö and many other islands to the Sankta Klara monastery on Norrmalm and the Gråbrödraklostret (a Franciscan order) on Riddarholmen. There is limestone on Runmarö . Already in the 12th century this was extracted and burned to lime. The product obtained was primarily powdered masonry lime. In addition to the monastery building nations, Runmarö lime was used in the oldest parts of Riddarholmskyrkan . After the Reformation , the Swedish royal family took power over lime mining. In 1691 the land surveying director Carl Gripenhielm wrote :
-
Stockholms Slått [det vill säga Tre kronor] skall mästadels wara upmurat med den Kalck, som är brand wijd Rumbo [det vill säga Runmarö] Kalckbruuk.
- ( German Stockholms Macht [He meant the three crowns ] is built on the lime that was burned in Rumbos [Runmarös] lime quarry. )
- Loosely translated from Old Swedish .
The two largest limestone quarries are in Uppeby and between Lerkila and Nore. That was the later limestone quarry, which supplied the building material for the Swedish krona . In the vicinity of the beach there are still legacies from the old days. These include large, sandpit-like kilns and several old house foundations above.
The limestone was extracted from nearby limestone quarries, which are still visible today, and was either broken by hand or using the "fire method" (whereby the lime was first heated with a fire and then quickly cooled with water). Very large amounts of wood were used and all the islands in the area were cut down over hundreds of years, as old travel reports show.
For the workers who were employed in the lime industry, there was a form of work obligation , especially for the people of Nämdö and Ornö. People who couldn't go to war , for example , were forced to work on Runmarö. Moreover condemned were criminals and prisoners of war there for detention sent. From the 16th century, the Runmarö lime had to compete more and more with the lime from Öland and Gotland . From 1730 the lime mining on Runmarö was stopped.
Various other mining operations were tried in the 20th century. With varying degrees of success. A factory for the production of zinc white was opened in 1909 just north of Söderby. However, this had to close again in 1919 due to a lack of profitability . The factory was demolished in 1967 after serving as a benchmark for seafaring for many years. Several pits on the east side of Runmarös remind of this time.
Russian devastation in Sweden from 1719 to 1721
.jpg)
The Russian devastation in 1719 also affected Runmarö. In an attempt to capture Stockholm , a Russian galley fleet burned several cities and many isolated houses along the Swedish Baltic coast. A squadron with hundreds of ships and a crew of several thousand stayed for a few nights at the end of the bay just south of Gatan. On the slope of the place, once called the Russian Escape , about 40 meters from the beach are the ruins of some Russian ovens . At that time, these were used for cooking and as heat donors.
One of the few surviving houses from this period is located at Båtsmanstorpet ( German boatswain's house ) number 95 in Södersunda . Today a small private museum is housed in this house, in which there are thousands of old objects and documents. The cottage was built in its current location in the 16th century.
According to an ordinance issued by Princess Kristina from this time, every village had to provide a soldier in the event of war. For the villages along the coast, this soldier had to be a marine or boatswain.
School and church
Runmarö school is in the village of Uppeby . Grades 1 to 9 are taught there. There is also a preschool there . In the 20th century, the number of children in preschool has steadily decreased. Today just 40 students attend the school. The reduction in the number of pupils is also due to the fact that there is a significantly larger school in Djurö .
The school in Runmarö has a long tradition . As early as 1846 a Skärgårds school opened in Södersund for the children of the pilots . The organist from Djurö initially taught there. The teacher who came after him was Carl Wilhelm Allard. When he ceased his professional activity in 1884, a new school was built in Uppeby (in the new parish garden). The first teacher in this school was called Selma Söderström. The number of students increased very quickly and it was less than two years before it became necessary to hire a second teacher. His name was Gustav Hellqvist. Hellqvist literally tore himself to pieces for the new school, but he had a very small budget . Overall, the teacher Hellqvist did a very good job in the 40 years that he worked for the school. In 1953 a new school building was built in Uppeby. Just 20 years later, the school had to close again due to a lack of students. But because Runmarö's interest group and many others were very committed to this, the school was able to reopen in 1980. From 1983 it was possible to obtain a university degree at this school.
There is no church on Runmarö . Only a small chapel that was inaugurated in the summer of 1973. The construction of the chapel and the surrounding church garden was made possible by a donation from the lawyer Gösta Grönberg. He lived on Söderby Kullskär and donated the land and a sum of 10,000 Swedish kronor . In 1947 a foundation was established to manage the chapel. The church garden and the bell tower were inaugurated in the summer of 1953. The chapel, which was designed by Gösta Uddén, has a large window wall instead of the altar with a view of nature. The bell tower has the following inscription: I ring for peace forever, until the end of time .
geography
location
Runmarö lies east of Brandfjärden and belongs to the Runmarö archipelago, which consists of a few hundred small islets. All together are located in an approximately 7 × 10 kilometer marine area . The archipelago extends from Runmarö in the north to Aspö in the south. Almost all of the land is privately owned, except for a few small areas that are owned by Värmdö Kommun. The bedrock of the archipelago consists of limestone, which is one of the reasons that there is a rich flora on the island. The part of the island that is in Stockholm's skärgård lies at a junction between important shipping channels and has served as a base when enemy troops attacked Stockholm. Due to the special location of the island, it was particularly suitable as a pilot base.
Houses and streets
The development of Runmarö is concentrated on the villages on the island. Several of them are built in the typical Skärgård style. The oldest villages were founded partly with the rise of the lime industry and partly by the pilots of the time. There is a network of roads and paths on the island . These are mostly gravel roads, which branch out in a star shape from the center of the island. Most of these trails make it possible to hike or cycle along the island's coast .
Inland lakes
There are nine inland lakes on the island . These are called Träsk ( German: Tümpel, Teich. ) On the island . The names of the lakes are: Viträsk, Uppeby träsk, Nore träsk, Kasviken, Styrsviksträsk, Nästräsk, Hemträsk, Svartträsk and Silverträsk.
The Silverträsk is a small forest lake, which is surrounded by nutrient-poor swamps . The lake is surrounded by a very special charm. August Strindberg, who had spent the summers of 1889, 1890 and 1891 on the island, fished pike in this lake . But it is probably not this lake that he mentioned in his novella Silfverträsket , but the Nästräsk.
Like the other lakes on the island, Viträsk was still a bay during the Middle Ages . The lake was later formed as a result of sediment deposits from the sea. Until the 17th century, the “Hwijte Träsk” building lay on a meadow between the paths and Viträsk. The buildings were probably moved to the village of Vånö in connection with the Russian raids in 1719. You can still find ruins of the old buildings there today, as well as currant and gooseberry bushes and other useful plants .
Styrsvik
The main landing stage for people and goods to Runmarö is in Styrsvik. Grocery stores, the pharmacy , the Systembolaget , a bicycle rental, a restaurant and the central recycling station are also located there. Two boat lines call at Styrsvik. Once on the Stavsnäs – Sandhamn and Stavsnäs – Nämdö – Mörtö – Tyresö – Saltsjöbaden line.
The pilot's lookout in Styrsvik is a lonely hut on a bare mountain nose south of the old steamboat jetty.
Långvik, Stenbro and Lerkila
The village of Långvik is located in the large northern bay on Runmarö. It is embedded in a comparatively lush vegetation. Due to the elevation of the land, the village moved about a kilometer further down into the valley from its traditional location .
Stenbro is a small village, which is a bit away from the usual buildings and paths. August Strindberg lived here in the summer of 1890. In a letter he described the village as delightful .
Lerkila is a little to the east and below Båtsmanstorpet number 94. In 1883 the cottage consisted of a room with an oven, a stove, a floor made of planks, a false ceiling made of boards, a door with a lock and two windows. In addition, there was a chamber with a smaller stove, a floor made of wooden planks, an intermediate ceiling made of boards and a window. The veranda had a wooden floor, double doors and a small staircase outside. The cottage also had a stable with a barn. There was room for a cow and a couple of sheep in the stable. The house has since been torn down and the wood was probably used as building material in Solberga.
Uppeby, Nore, Gatan and Kila
Uppeby is roughly in the middle of the island. Where many roads converge. Uppeby is home to the school, a day care center, the doctor's station, the library, a chapel, the church and the church garden. The village is in the middle of nature at Uppebyträsk. There are remains of buildings from the 18th century along the beach. These were abandoned at the time and the residents moved to the villages of Nore, Gatan and Kila , all of which are within Uppeby's borders. In terms of area, the village is the largest on the island and used to belong to the state Kalkvogt .
August Strindberg lived in the old house with the destroyed roof in Norre in the summer of 1889. His wife Siri and the children lived in the yellow house in the middle. Strindberg started his novel I havsbandet that summer .
Vånö by
The village of Vånö is on the west side of Vitträsk. The bay in which the village is located has been cut off from the sea by sediment deposits . Due to the current steepness of the terrain, the village moved down towards Tärnviken. Tärnviken is now a lagoon. Access to the outlying Vånöskäret is through a small canal.
The development has the character of a summer idyll and is inhabited exclusively by summer guests. The most prominent summer guests who visited Vånö included the factory owner and miner Burlin, Professor Erik Jorpes ( Heparin ), Erik and Maja Hahr as well as Birgit and Anders Ortelius.
Vånö-Skäret
Today the Skär is an elevation and peninsula that protects Tärnviken and Vånö By from the south. In the 1930s you could still row in the ditch that separates Runmarö from the archipelago. A fisherman's cottage was built on Vånö-Skäret at the beginning of the 19th century. This was nothing more than a two-room house with an entrance through the reception room, a chamber and a tiled stove on the left side and straight ahead with a mini-kitchen and an iron stove. A chicken ladder led up to the upper floor and to a bedroom. In addition, there was a small stable behind the house that snuggled close to the mountain edge and there was an earth cellar very close to the lake.
Soderby
"Gammal-Söderby" ( German Alt-Söderby ) was located at the southern end of Viträsk during the Middle Ages, where remains from this period can still be found today. After a land reform in 1815, Söderby moved to its current location. The Telegrafberget ( German Telegrafenberg ) in Solberga, just south of Söderby, takes its name from an optical telegraph that was located there during the war against Russia (1809 to 1811). From 1836 he was permanently stationed there. This was later part of the telegraph line Korsö-Ingarö-Stockholm and was responsible for forwarding warnings of enemy ships that were sighted in front of Korsö. Later in the 18th century there was a beacon in the same place, from which you can still see the scorch marks in the rock. Optical telegraphy was considered technically obsolete when the Royal Electric Telegraph Company introduced an electric telegraph system. In 1869 optical telegraphy was discontinued in Söderby. There are no visible traces of the telegraph poles today, but it is worth climbing the mountain and enjoying the view from there. A partially signposted forest path leads up the mountain. Starting from the southernmost branch of the Söderby network of trails, about 100 meters from the water.
Södersunda and Norrsunda
The oldest villages on the island are probably Södersunda and Norrsunda. These are protected between Runmarö and Storön. These two villages never had to move because of uprisings in the country. The two villages have been home to generations of pilots. Today the general bathing beach Jerkers Udde and a football field are located in Södersunda .
fauna and Flora
The limestone deposits in the soil of Runmarö are very good prerequisites for a rich flora. Especially for many different orchids. There are around 40 different species on Runmarö. Nowhere else in Sweden are there more orchid species in such a limited space. Öland and Gotland included. In the entire archipelago, the island is also the most flowery island. Here you will find flower-lined pastures and pine forests. There are at least six different types of carnivorous plants on Silverträsk . All have their own special fishing technique.
The Apollo butterfly is a particular rarity on the island.
Attractions
In Uppeby there is a local history museum with an active local history association. The local history museum is also used as a café and cinema during the summer. Runmarö Day is organized by the local homeland association every year. This usually takes place at the end of July.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Bengtsson, G, Röjgård-Sjöberg, J och Wibom, S, Välkommen till Runmarö , Runmarö hembygdsförening, 1992
- ↑ a b Bengtsson, G, "Kalkbruk" på Runmarö , 1992
- ↑ Svenskt ortnamnslexikon (2003), p. 260
- ↑ Runmarö Tidning , no. 2/1999
- ↑ Marin arkeologi: Runmaröprojektet , Jim Hansson (2005/3).
- ↑ a b c d Runmarö - en pärla i skärgården! , 1990
- Per Nilsson & Gösta Bengtsson; Boken om Runmarö , Runmarö Hembygdsförening, 2: a uppl (1995). ISBN 91-630-3583-9
