South Asian Bearded Bat
| South Asian Bearded Bat | ||||||||||||
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South Asian bearded bat ( Myotis muricola ) in western Java |
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| Myotis muricola | ||||||||||||
| ( Gray , 1846) |
The South Asian bearded bat ( Myotis muricola ) is a species of the mouse ears ( Myotis ) within the bats (Chiroptera). It is distributed over large parts of South Asia to the Southeast Asian islands . The species lives singly or in small colonies in caves, tree heights and the vegetation of forests and hunts for insects from the early evening.
features
The South Asian bearded bat reaches a head-trunk length of 41 to 47 millimeters and a tail length of 25 to 39 millimeters. The forearm is 31 to 37 millimeters long, the rear foot length is 4 to 7 millimeters, and the ear is 6 to 13 millimeters. Accordingly, it is a small species of the genus. The back fur is dense and soft. The back color is grayish brown to brown, the back hair has a black base and is lighter at the tip, the hair on the abdomen has a slightly lighter tip. The ears are large and pointed, the tragus is narrow and about half as long as the ear. The flight membrane attaches to the base of the metatarsal bones on the feet. The hind foot length is shorter than half the tibial length .
The skull is filigree and has a protruding brain skull (cranium). The back of the rostrum is curved inward. The teeth have some species-specific features, the P3 premolars of the upper jaw lie in the row of teeth and are in contact with other premolars.
distribution
The South Asian bearded bat is distributed over large parts of South Asia to Southeast Asia. In South Asia the distribution area extends from Afghanistan and Pakistan over the north from India , Bhutan , Nepal to China . In India, the species occurs in Assam , Himachal Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Jharkhand , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Sikkim , Uttaranchal and West Bengal . In central and southern China, the species has been found in Xizang , Sichuan and Yunnan , and it is also found in Taiwan . In Southeast Asia, the species lives both on the mainland and on the Southeast Asian islands, the range here extends from Myanmar , Laos , Cambodia and Vietnam via Thailand and Malaysia to the Indonesian and Philippine islands. It occurs in Borneo (Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei ) and in Indonesia on the Mentawai Islands , Sumatra , Java , Bali , Lombok , Sumbawa , Sumba , Flores , Sulawesi , Ambon and Bunguran , in the Philippines on Biliran , Busuanga , Leyte , Luzon , Maripipi and Negros .
Way of life
The species occurs in various habitats within its range, both in the flatlands and in moderate mountainous areas up to 2700 meters, especially in forest areas, shrubbery, gardens and secondary forests . They sometimes live solitary or in small colonies that are found in caves or tree hollows, but they also rest in vegetation such as in rolled up banana leaves. The foraging of the nocturnal animals begins in the early evening, the animals are fast fliers and they sometimes fly quite high, but also use the lower forest zones and water courses.
Systematics
The South Asian bearded bat is assigned to the mouse-eared bat (genus Myotis ) as an independent species , to which more than 100 species belong. The first scientific description comes from the British zoologist John Edward Gray from 1846, who described it using specimens from Nepal. In some cases it was assigned to the lesser whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus), but later regarded as independent. It is assigned to the subgenus Selysius within the mouse- eared species and it is perhaps a species complex of several closely related species. A closer relationship with the black whiskered bat ( Myotis ater ) on the Indonesian islands is likely.
Several subspecies are distinguished within the species. In China, Myotis m. caliginosus in Xizang and Myotis muricola moupinensis in Sichuan and Yunnan. In Taiwan, Myotis m. latirostris spread. Other subspecies are Myotis m. muricola as a nominate form from Nepal and Myotis m. browni , myotis m. herrei , Myotis m. niasensis and myotis m. patriciae .
Hazard and protection
The species is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) as not endangered ("least concern"). This assignment is justified by the large distribution area and the large stocks. There are no endangering threats to the species. The species is very adaptable to changed and disturbed habitats, but in some areas it is still influenced and threatened by heavy logging and the search for mineral resources. In South Asia, large parts of the distribution area were deforested for wood extraction and the conversion of former forest areas into agricultural areas. Locally, collection activities pose a threat to scientific collections and research.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g Don E. Wilson Nepalese Whiskered Myotis. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; Pp. 378-379, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
- ↑ a b c d e Myotis muricola in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.2. Posted by: P. Bates, G. Csorba, S. Bumringsri, T. Kingston, C. Francis, G. Rosell-Ambal, B. Tabaranza, L. Heaney, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008 November 2016.
- ↑ a b c d Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (eds.): Myotis muricola in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), 2005
literature
- Don E. Wilson Nepalese Whiskered Myotis. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; Pp. 378-379, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
Web links
- Myotis muricola inthe IUCN 2016 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: P. Bates, G. Csorba, S. Bumringsri, T. Kingston, C. Francis, G. Rosell-Ambal, B. Tabaranza, L. Heaney, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008 November 2016.