Saline (Traunstein)
In the Saline Traunstein , brine from Bad Reichenhall was processed into salt between 1619 and 1912 .
Many of the saline buildings that have been preserved in Traunstein are now listed , the protected building ensemble Karl-Theodor-Platz encompasses the area of the former saline and is also registered in the Bavarian list of monuments under the file number E-1-89-155-3 .
location
With the construction of the saltworks in the first half of the 17th century, Hofmark Au was also created at the gates of Traunstein , which has been an inner-city district since the city of Traunstein took over the property on January 1, 1914. The buildings were located in the area of today's streets Karl-Theodor-Platz, Salinenstraße and Triftweg. The Trift facilities and wood storage areas were located on the Triftfeld.
history
prehistory
Georg the Rich , Duke of Bavaria-Landshut , bought most of the brewhouses in what is now Bad Reichenhall between 1494 and 1501 , thus laying the foundation for the nationalization and monopoly of salt production in Bavaria. His successor Albrecht IV continued his work. When a new, abundant brine source was discovered during repair work on the saltworks well shaft, they did not want to leave it unused. The only fuel for boiling the brine was wood. This was mostly obtained from today's Saalforsten , transported with the waters of the Saalach and via the Trift systems into the city. At that time, the saltworks was already working at the limit of its capacity and to expand production, even more wood would have had to be moved to Reichenhall. However, this idea was quickly discarded because, in addition to the high costs, the uncertain political situation - the Saalforste and large parts of the wood transport route across the Saalach were in the Salzburg area - represented a high risk. Duke Maximilian I followed the suggestion of court chamber councilor Oswald Schuss to set up a branch saline. However, the duke chose Traunstein instead of Siegsdorf as the location. Traunstein could be supplied with firewood through rich forests on the upper reaches of the Roter and Weißer Traun . These forests were in the hands of the ducal-Bavarian family and the path that the wood took on the waters of the Traun was exclusively on Bavarian territory.
Construction of brine pipeline and salt works
The court builder Hanns Reiffenstuel received the contract to build the salt works and the brine pipeline . Together with his son Simon Reiffenstuel , he built the brine pipeline, the Saline Traunstein with four brewhouses, four hard houses, workshops and magazines between 1617 and 1619. At the same time, houses were built for the saltworkers and drift systems. Reiffenstuel was also responsible for making the Traun driftable and building several clauses .
business
In the second half of 1619, the Saline in Traunstein went into operation in four separate brewhouses. The sources speak of the Oswald Day , August 5th, or December 1619. In the years 1621 and 1622 the Alberti-Ferdinandi-Stock was built as a further industrial and residential building. In 1625 the annual production of the saltworks was 4400 tons. Around 1630, the Marienstock was another residential building for the saltworks workers. The construction of the saltworks chapel began in 1631.
modernization
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Towards the end of the 18th century, Johann Sebastian von Clais was commissioned by Elector Karl Theodor to modernize the salt pans in Reichenhall and Traunstein as well as the brine pipeline . After Clais had built new brewhouses in Reichenhall and modernized the technical equipment, he devoted himself to the brine pipeline. Most recently he implemented the same measures as a Reichenhall in Traunstein. First he had the Karl-Theodor-Sudhaus built with its cross-shaped floor plan. In the center of the plant, the boiling process in the four connected brewhouses was monitored and controlled. Through further technical improvements such as a two-stage boiling process, better use of waste heat and standardization of the individual parts of the brewing pans, Clais was able to save around a third of the costs and increase annual production by 30,000 quintals. Between 1808 and 1810 Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach renewed the brine pipeline and extended it to another branch saline as far as Rosenheim . When the Brunnhaus there, all brewhouses and almost all residential buildings in the city were destroyed after the great fire in Reichenhall in 1834, the branch salines in Traunstein and Rosenheim had to bear the brunt of the Bavarian salt production. After the fire, the main focus was on repairing the brine line and so two days after the fire, on November 11, 1834, Reichenhaller brine was already flowing through the wooden drawbars again. In the second half of the 19th century, the so-called five-pan was built in Traunstein as the fifth brewhouse, and in 1895 the saltworks received its own railway connection.
Shutdown
The old salt works in Bad Reichenhall was gradually converted to firing with hard coal in the 1880s, and the increased production capacities there also had an impact on Traunstein. In addition, the competitive pressure caused by mining rock salt and technical innovations in the area of boiling technology made the outdated systems less and less profitable. In 1910 the Bavarian State Parliament decided to stop the salt production of the Traunsteiner Saline, which was implemented in the summer of 1912. The last brew in Traunstein began on June 29, 1912, which was finished a few days later.
Acquisition by the city of Traunstein
After long and difficult negotiations between representatives of the royal general management of the mining, smelting and salt works and the city of Traunstein on the sale of the properties to the city, an agreement was reached in December 1913. This stipulated that the city of Traunstein took over all properties - with the exception of the saltworks chapel and the Rupertistadels - for a purchase price of 65,000 marks . In addition, the city had to enlarge its administrative district and incorporate the previously independent saltworks district Au in order to ensure communal tasks such as road construction and the maintenance of the infrastructure. In addition, the city had to undertake to take over the existing leases for the workers' apartments in the Alberti-Ferdinandi- and Wilhelmi-Maximiliani-Stock and to take over “the workers who were still on site after the closure of the company and were in the service of the state salt works administration or had already retired, together with their families in the rooms that the housing police did not object to “not to be evacuated. Initially, the city fathers had hoped for a significantly lower purchase price of 10,000 marks, but ultimately they agreed on 65,000 marks, which "had to be paid in twenty equal annual installments of 3,250 m (three thousand two hundred and fifty marks)". The contract was signed by the mayor of the city of Traunstein, Dr. Georg Vonficht and Finance Minister Georg von Breunig and is in archives in Traunstein and Munich. The transfer of ownership took place on January 1, 1914.
Subsequent use
The salt works and the open spaces in the Au were used differently after the acquisition by the city. The Alberti-Ferdinandi-, Wilhelmi-Maximiliani- and Marienstock houses are still used today for residential purposes. In the incorporation agreement of the Au, which, like the purchase agreement for the properties of the Saline, came into force on January 1, 1914 - in addition to various infrastructural measures - it was agreed that "the town of Traunstein [...] for the industrial utilization of the five-brew house, the large Karl-Theodor-Sudhauses and the great building aristocracy in connection with the hydropower as soon as possible ”. Although there was no establishment of a large company, commercial halls were set up on the ground floor of the former brewhouse. In 1922, Mayor Dr. Georg Vonficht and the city council to repair the dilapidated Karl-Theodor-Sudhaus and convert it into a town house. In addition to preserving the building, this measure promised to support the local construction industry and thus secure jobs. While commercial halls were still being planned on the ground floor, several schools were to be accommodated on the first floor. The plans were for the boys 'and girls' elementary school, the agricultural district winter school , a newly established female vocational training school and possibly an alpine pasture school. After the architect Carl Jäger from Munich had estimated the renovation and reconstruction of the Karl-Theodor-Sudhaus at 4.5 million marks , the project was dropped by the city. The much too high costs - in which the Ministry of the Interior would have contributed with a small grant of 15,000 Marks - prompted the city to commission the demolition of the brewhouse. On April 23, 1924 at 2 p.m. it was blown up by a demolition squad of the Reichswehr . From 1926 the area was used as a festival meadow until a parking lot was finally created in 1969, which still exists today.
The saltworks chapel and the warehouse (the so-called Rupertistadel ) remained in state ownership. In the purchase agreement, however, the city undertook to keep the area around the chapel free from development and to keep the space in front of the chapel and the entrances "in a condition appropriate to the dignity of a place of worship". Today the Traunstein river management station is located in the magazine, but the city was still allowed to use the brine reserves in the magazine as a container for bathing brine. Until the 1930s, brine from Bad Reichenhall was used for spa and bathing operations in Traunstein.
Saline Park
The Saline Park was inaugurated on July 12, 2019, 400 years after the Traunsteiner Saline began operating. This is located in the area of the Traunsteiner Saline on the square of the former gym of the TV Traunstein. Between the Alberti-Ferdinandi- and Maximiliani-Wilhelmi-Stock on one side and the Salinenstadl on the other, there is a reconstruction of a Reiffenstuel pump with a water wheel as well as a Reichenbach water column machine that has been preserved in the original and is still functional , in addition to flower meadows, fruit trees and a pharmacy garden .
Salinenpark Traunstein
Reiffenstuel piston pressure pump
Reichenbach's water column machine
building
Well house
The building at Kohlbrennerstraße 1 is a preserved part of the former Brunnhaus. The three-storey building with pilaster strips and a hipped roof was built towards the end of the 18th century. The fountain house is registered under the number D-1-89-155-42 in the Bavarian monument list.
magazine
The Baumagazin (also: Rupertistadl ) at Salinenstrasse 10, 12 and 14 is a long building with wood-latticed openings, a tower-like central building with a chapel niche in front and two transverse wings. The slag masonry with brickwork was built in 1864 as a storage building for the salt works. After the saline was sold to the city of Traunstein, the magazine remained in state ownership and from then on was the responsibility of the building administration. However, the city of Traunstein was still allowed to use the brine reserves in the building as a container for bath brine in order to maintain the spa and bathing operations in Traunstein. This was supplied by Bad Reichenhaller Sole until the 1930s. In 1928 apartments were installed in the west wing; today the Traunstein river management office is housed in the building.
The magazine is registered in the Bavarian Monument List under the number D-1-89-155-41.
Official staff
As in the equivalent of the same name in Bad Reichenhall , the headquarters of the saltworks administration was located in the official staff . The three-storey complex with a hipped roof at Triftweg 4 and 6 was built in the third quarter of the 18th century and is registered in the Bavarian list of monuments under the number D-1-89-155-82.
Five pan
The so-called five-pan was the fifth brewhouse of the Traunsteiner Saline and was built in 1870 as an extension of the saline. The brewhouse was converted into a residential building a long time ago and also served as a shelter for the homeless. From 2017, the five-pan was extensively renovated in order to create 19 high-quality apartments with an area of 32 to 135 square meters. The five-pan is not a listed building, but is part of the Karl-Theodor-Platz building ensemble .
Salzmühlstadel
The Salzmühlstadel was a rear building behind the former five-pan pan and was used to store the salt. It is a one-story brick building with tuff stone structures and a flat hipped roof . The barn was built around 1870, is located at Salinenstraße 23 a and b and is entered in the Bavarian monument list under the number D-1-89-155-186.
For a long time, the Salzmühlstadel was used by craft businesses as a work and storage room; with the conversion of the five-pan pan, it will in future be used as a storage room for the apartments there.
Fountain house
Construction magazine
Official staff
Five pan
Salzmühlstadel
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Saline Chapel
The catholic saltworks chapel St. Rupert and Maximilian is a cross-shaped building with a tower over a square central room. The chapel was built between 1630 and 1631 by Wolf König based on plans by Isaak Bader . The chapel is located at Karl-Theodor-Platz 1 and is registered in the Bavarian Monument List under number D-1-89-155-22.
Alberti Ferdinandi Stock
The Alberti-Ferdinandi-Stock was a factory and residential building of the salt works. These are two eaves-side buildings with protruding flat gable roofs that are connected by tracts behind. The buildings were constructed between 1621 and 1622. Today's address is Karl-Theodor-Platz 2, 3 and 4; the Alberti-Ferdinandi-Stock is registered under the number D-1-89-155-23 in the Bavarian monument list.
Maximiliani Wilhelmi Stock
Like the Alberti-Ferdinandi-Stock, the Maximiliani-Wilhelmi-Stock was a factory and residential building. The middle of the three coupled, three-storey buildings with protruding flat gable roofs is strongly receding. The Maximiliani-Wilhelmi-Stock was built between 1618 and 1619 and renovated in 1671 after a fire. The current address is Karl-Theodor-Platz 6, 7 and 8; the Maximiliani-Wilhelmi-Stock is registered under the number D-1-89-155-24 in the Bavarian monument list.
Marienstock
The salt works' apartments were located in the Marienstock. The elongated, three-storey mansard roof building was built around 1630, a similar extension towards the west (house numbers 26 and 27) took place in 1926. Today's address is Karl-Theodor-Platz 20-27, the Marienstock is under the number D-1-89- 155-25 registered in the Bavarian list of monuments.
Alberti Ferdinandi Stock
Maximiliani Wilhelmi Stock
Marienstock
Web links
- History workshop of the historical association for the Chiemgau zu Traunstein e. V. on saline-traunstein.de
- Traunstein and the salt at www.traunstein.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Andreas Hirsch: Pioneering achievement overcomes heights in the Heimatblättern 2/2019 of February 25, 2019 as a supplement to the Reichenhaller Tagblatt
- ↑ a b c d e f g The salt boilers of Traunstein on traunsteiner-tagblatt.de, accessed on July 20, 2019
- ↑ Salt experience in Traunstein on traunstein.de, accessed on July 20, 2019
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Gernot Pältz: A building ensemble of a special kind in the Chiemgau-Blätter 3/2020 of January 18, 2020 as a supplement to the Traunsteiner Tagblatt
- ↑ a b Salinenpark Traunstein on traunstein.de, accessed on July 20, 2019
- ↑ The new Traunstein business card on traunsteiner-tagblatt.de, accessed on July 20, 2019
- ↑ a b The conversion of the five-pan has started on traunsteiner-tagblatt.de, accessed on July 20, 2019