Santo Adriano de Tuñón

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Santo Adriano de Tuñón

Santo Adriano de Tuñón is a pre-Romanesque church and former abbey church of a Benedictine monastery founded in the 9th century . It belongs to the Parroquia Tuñón of the municipality ( concejo ) Santo Adriano in the autonomous region of Asturias in northwest Spain . The church is located on the right bank of the Río Trubia on a Roman road , about 25 kilometers southwest of Oviedo . In 1931 the church was declared a Monumento Nacional ( Bien de Interés Cultural ).

history

Santo Adriano de Tuñón belonged to a Benedictine abbey that was founded by the Asturian King Alfonso III. (866–910) and his wife Jimena. A document, which has been preserved in a copy from the 12th century, shows that the church was consecrated in 891 by the bishops of Oviedo, Iria Flavia , Coimbra and Astorga . In the south wall of the central nave there is a stone tablet with an inscription, after which another consecration took place in 1108, during which the main altar was consecrated to the two martyrs Adrian of Nicomedia and his wife Nathalia, who were beheaded at the beginning of the 4th century . The right side altar was consecrated to Peter and Paul and the left to James . It is not known when the monastery was dissolved. The first restoration took place in 1407. In the 17./18. In the 19th century, the nave was extended to the west and a new entrance facade with an open bell tower ( espadaña ) was added. From 1949 to 1954, the church was restored under the direction of the architect Luis Menéndez Pidal and brought back to its original state. The frescoes were discovered in the choir .

architecture

Longhouse

Santo Adriano de Tuñón is a three-aisled pillar basilica with a rectangular floor plan . It is made of quarry stone , the corners are reinforced by cuboids . The main nave and the aisles have wooden ceilings. The arched arcades between the main nave and the side aisles rest on brick and plastered pillars that have neither bases nor fighters . Corresponding to the three yokes of the nave open in the central nave three rectangular with stone transennae provided clerestory windows . A side room, rebuilt on the original foundations and used as a sacristy , connects to the south aisle . An identical porch is said to have stood on the north side. Nothing is left of him.

Choir

The choir is divided into three parts and has a rectangular end. All three apse chapels are barrel vaulted and have a round arched window with modern transennes in the east wall. Above the main apse there is a chamber ( cámara oculta ) which is not accessible from the inside and which is only open to the outside through a twin window in the east facade. The stilted round arches of the window are made of bricks . They rest on an octagonal pillars with truncated pyramid capitals that with garlands decorated and the decor of the two re-used capitals from late Roman or Visigoth time resumes the main apse at the entrance. These two capitals have partially retained their original color. They lie on columns made of pink granite . Of the former choir screen made of gray marble , only a fragment with a relief of palm and heart-shaped leaves is preserved.

Murals

During the restoration work, the original frescoes in the middle apse were rediscovered and exposed in red and yellow colors. Halfway up the three walls there is a frieze made of leafy tendrils and lotus blossoms , above which are battlements , a motif that points to Mozarabic influence. The two stars above the window are interpreted as Sol (sun) and Luna (moon). The crosses shown with their thickened ends resemble the Asturian Cross of Victory and can also be seen in San Julián de los Prados , San Salvador de Valdediós or San Salvador de Priesca .

literature

  • Achim Arbeiter , Sabine Noack-Haley: Christian monuments of the early Middle Ages from the 8th to the 11th century . Mainz 1999, ISBN 3-8053-2312-3 , pp. 203-205 and 179-180.
  • Lorenzo Arias Páramo: Guía del Arte Prerrománico Asturiano . 2nd edition, Gijón 1999, ISBN 84-95178-20-6 , pp. 87-90.
  • Jaime Cobreros: Guía del Prerrománico en España . Madrid 2006, ISBN 84-9776-215-0 , p. 119.
  • Jacques Fontaine: L'Art Préroman Hispanique . Volume 1, 2nd edition, Éditions Zodiaque, Abbaye de la Pierre-Qui-Vire 1973, pp. 328–329.

Web links

Commons : Santo Adriano de Tuñón  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 43 ° 17 '30.3 "  N , 5 ° 58' 53.3"  W.