School newspaper

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A school newspaper is a magazine that students make for students. Both the authors and the target audience are mostly students, former students, teachers and sometimes parents. In the school newspaper, students can freely express their opinion in accordance with the Basic Law . If a school newspaper appears at several schools within a city, it is called a city school newspaper . In contrast to this, youth magazines are produced specifically for the target group of young people, with a few exceptions not by young people for young people.

history

Beginnings

“Der Punkt”, a school newspaper from the Gaußschule in Braunschweig from 1948

There were a few school newspapers as early as the 19th century. The first of its kind in 1893 is The Spring Storm in the Katharineum in Lübeck , to whose double issue in June / July the 18-year-old high school student Thomas Mann as editor under the pseudonym "Paul Thomas" contributed eight of the 13 text pages. One copy is kept in the Thomas Mann Archive at ETH Zurich . Under the subtitle "Monthly for Art and Literature" it contained mainly impressionistic poems and prose.

Ernst Heimeran founded one of the first school newspapers in Munich. Bertolt Brecht published his first poems as a high school student in the school newspaper he founded, The Harvest .

After the First World War and especially after 1945, school newspapers established themselves primarily in high schools . Since the 1990s, they have also increasingly developed in secondary schools and elementary schools .

Excursus: Youth magazine in the time of National Socialism

In the time of National Socialism there were no school newspapers. A Nazi youth magazine was Help! . It was not published by students, but by the National Socialist Teachers' Association (NSLB) and was published in millions from October 1933 to December 1942.

After 1945

After the end of the Second World War , “ Der Punkt ” at the Gaußschule in Braunschweig was one of the first school newspapers. The first edition of the newspaper appeared in September 1948, the head of the student editorial department was Günter Gaus for several editions .

A school newspaper from late 1946 was in the archive of the Junge Presse Berlin .

1990-1993 a city school student magazine with one of the highest print runs (2000 copies) appeared in Leipzig with Tatort Schule .

21st century

Living book , online edition with “German” department for “non-native speakers” of Financial T ('a) ime

School newspapers are usually published monthly or quarterly. Some school newspapers have switched from print to online versions. The question arises as to whether online versions of school newspapers still correspond to the character of school newspapers as newspapers by pupils for pupils or should be viewed as completely normal blogs. The worldwide distribution clearly leaves the sphere of activity of the school and school environment. A legal assessment by the Conference of Ministers of Education of the Länder or the individual ministers is pending.

School newspapers are increasingly perceived internationally through the Internet or are starting independent “German” departments, within which “German as a foreign language” is in the foreground with easy and understandable school language for non-native speakers.

The first daily school newspaper in Germany, the "Daily Penner", was published in September 2000 for two years at the Eberswalde grammar school .

Legal position of school newspapers

School newspaper editors interviewing Joschka Fischer in the foyer of the plenary hall in Bonn, 1995

Legal situation in Germany

Print editions

Like other periodicals, school newspapers must have an imprint in which the person responsible in terms of press law and his address are listed. Depending on the federal state, the person responsible must have unlimited legal capacity and thus at least 18 or unlimited criminal age and thus at least 21 years of age. Exceptions apply, however, to “printed works that are published by young people for young people”, including school newspapers. More details can be found in the respective state press laws .

In practice, there is hardly any legal mechanism for school newspapers that can prevent them from appearing; here too, the principles of freedom of the press with rights and obligations apply. However, the distribution on the school premises can be partially prohibited if the school peace can be disturbed by appearing, which occasionally leads to the school newspapers being distributed outside the school premises.

Due to the educational sovereignty of the federal states in the Federal Republic of Germany , the legal situation regarding school newspapers is different in the federal states.

Please note the legal difference between school newspaper and school newspaper . In the case of a school newspaper, the school (represented by the headmaster) is the publisher and can therefore determine the content.

The private school authority decides on the exercise of domiciliary rights at private schools. That is why the state regulations for school newspapers do not usually apply. Thus, the school management can independently decide whether to sell school newspapers on the (private) school premises.

Baden-Württemberg
Typical ad for young people in a school newspaper in 1962.

The School Magazine Ordinance was repealed on August 1, 2005 and replaced by Administrative Regulation 01-6499-51 Advertising, Competitions and Surveys in Schools . This stipulates, among other things, that a copy of the newspaper must be made available to the headmaster at his request three days before the intended distribution date. If the school principal believes that the newspaper is against a law or that it seriously interferes with the school's duties, he can prohibit distribution on the school premises after a consultation at the school conference. In addition, the newspapers are subject to the state press law.

Bavaria

In Bavaria , school newspapers have a choice from the 2006/2007 school year: Either the school newspaper is published by the director who is responsible for the newspaper. The school newspaper is then part of the student co-responsibility (SMV). The editorial staff generally elects an advisory teacher.

The second possibility is that the school newspaper is published by the students on their own responsibility. In this case, the school newspaper is subject to the Bavarian Press Act. The director can no longer prohibit the publication of the school newspaper. He is only allowed to prohibit sales on the school premises in certain cases.

The press freedom of the Bavarian school newspapers is still very young. At the end of 2004, the Bavarian State Parliament proposed a corresponding change in the Bavarian Education Act , which came into force in July 2006. Thus, in Bavaria, the previous censorship of school newspapers fell as the last federal state.

However, a study by Junge Presse Bayern (author: Dominik Mai ) in 2012 showed that school newspapers are still censored. 37 percent of the Bavarian school newspapers are therefore exposed to pressure from the school, around a quarter have already given up the publication of articles. School principals (12 percent) and trust teachers (16 percent) also prevented articles. 2 percent of the school newspapers were completely censored.

Berlin

At the beginning of 2004, Berlin abolished the previous regulations for school newspaper (AV SZ) and thus the previous censorship. The new Berlin School Act now expressly provides in Section 48 that the Basic Law and the Berlin Press Act also apply to school newspapers. A special regulation only contains paragraph 3: "In individual cases, the school principal can prohibit the distribution of a school newspaper on the school premises if its content violates legal provisions or significantly disturbs the school peace and the school conference cannot resolve the conflict or cannot resolve it in good time."

Hamburg

The legal situation for school newspapers in Hamburg is regulated by both the State Press Act and the Hamburg School Act. It is explicitly regulated that the person responsible for school newspapers may be a minor within the meaning of press law. Prior control rights are not granted to the school management. The regulations from the State Press Act apply in the same way to school newspaper editorial offices.

North Rhine-Westphalia

In North Rhine-Westphalia, the state press law facilitates the publication of school newspapers by dispensing with the "personal requirements for the responsible editor", among other things, of reaching the age of 21 if the printed matter is made by young people for young people. The definition and publication of school newspapers is laid down by the Ministry for Schools and Further Education of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia in the School Act of North Rhine-Westphalia .

Rhineland-Palatinate

The situation in Rhineland-Palatinate is similar to that in Bavaria: Schoolchildren can choose whether the newspaper should appear on their own responsibility or as part of a school event. If it appears as a school event, an advisory teacher should be chosen. Then, in individual cases, sales on the school premises can be restricted or prohibited. Otherwise establishment and distribution is free.

The fall of Sophie's underworld

The difference between state and private schools became clear in the 2004/2005 school year at the Sophie-Barat-Schule Hamburg: A dispute between the school management and the editors of the school newspaper “ Sophies Unterwelt ” came to light. Since the school management only wanted to allow the school newspaper if the editorial staff took advice from a teacher, the pupils published their "forbidden" paper in front of the school. Numerous media have already reported on this conflict. In autumn 2005, constitutional experts in the school committee of the Hamburg citizenship established that the state should not prescribe the use of school newspapers for independent schools.

Legal situation in Austria

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The Austrian law explains a school newspaper as follows:

“Student newspapers are periodical printed works that are designed and published by students from one or more schools for students of this school. School newspapers are used to exchange ideas and deal with school, scientific, social, political and general cultural problems. As a means of forming opinions and information, they are also carriers of freedom of the press, just like company newspapers, customer newspapers, daily newspapers or other printing works. "

In Austria, school newspapers are exempt from the obligation to have an imprint, provided this is written exclusively by students. If the director or a teacher writes a text, an imprint must also be included in the newspaper.

If the annual turnover does not exceed 21,800 euros, no sales tax is levied by the republic. If you take in more, you have to submit a tax return.

The Austrian school newspaper editors are obliged to write their articles to the best of their knowledge and belief, so that there is no defamation against a person or institution. The author has sole responsibility for his text.

In all nine federal states, the director has only limited rights to ban the school newspaper. The school newspaper must do justice to the educational mission of the school. In addition, it must be noted that the editorial staff must interpret the newspaper “according to moral, religious and social values ​​as well as the values ​​of the true, good and beautiful” (Section 2 of the SchOG). The pupils must also be trained to become “healthy, dutiful and responsible members of society and citizens of the Republic of Austria” (also § 2 SchOG). If this is not the case, the principal can prohibit the distribution of the newspaper in the school. Nevertheless, the students are allowed to distribute the newspaper in front of the school. Here there is complete freedom of distribution and sale to all students from 14 (if money is required). In any case, the director must be given a copy of the newspaper.

List of German-language school newspapers

E.

  • OWL (since 1986)

F.

G

I.

K

M.

O

P

R.

S.

T

U

W.

School newspaper competitions

Several competitions are intended to reward the achievements of school newspaper editors. The Spiegel school newspaper competition had existed since 1995/1996 ; it was considered the largest in Germany and was also open to submissions from Austria and Switzerland. The competition was discontinued in 2015.

Since April 2004, the "Student Newspaper Competition of the Länder" has been organized jointly by the Conference of Ministers of Education and the German Youth Press under the patronage of the President of the Federal Council . In this competition, awards are first made at the state level and then nationwide. In addition, assessments are made according to the type of school.

There is also the “ German School Newspaper Award ” from the Young Press in North Rhine-Westphalia and numerous regional competitions.

Financial support

In Saxony, the Ministry of Culture supports the creation of school newspapers (whether in print or online) with up to 250 euros. Applications are to be sent to the Ministry.

See also

literature

  • S. Ammer (Ed.): Youth Media Handbook. Youth makes media, Shaker Media, Aachen 2011, ISBN 978-3-86858-639-8 .
  • K. Farin et al. a. (Ed.): The youth press. Handbook not only for youth newspaper editors , Ettlingen 1979.
  • K. Friesicke: Handbook of the youth press, Munich 1956.
  • G. Hooffacker / P. Lokk : We make newspapers . Hannover, Steidl, 2nd edition 1993.
  • M. Kabaum: School artifacts between 1950 and 1970 - The design and production of West German school newspapers , in: J. Stiller / Ch. Laschke: Berlin-Brandenburger Contributions to Educational Research 2017. Challenges, Findings and Perspectives of Interdisciplinary Educational Research, Frankfurt a. M. 2017, pp. 35-73, ISBN 978-3-63171841-4 .
  • M. Kabaum: Youth cultures and participation in West German schools in the 1950s and 1960s. School newspapers as historical sources for school and youth research. Diss. Phil. Humboldt University Berlin, 2018.
  • H. Kaul: Essence and Tasks of School Newspapers , Munich, 2nd edition. 1965.
  • M. Knoche and M. Lindgens: Appearance and content structure of youth magazines. Results of a systematic content analysis (contributions to the analysis of the youth press 4), Berlin 1983.
  • H. Koschwitz: Jugendzeitschrift , in: E. Dovifat (ed.): Handbuch der Publizistik, Berlin 1969, Vol. 3, S. 527-535.
  • OD Laserstein: Student newspaper manual . For young media makers, ed. von Jugendpresse Deutschland , Books on Demand , Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8391-3590-7 .
  • F. Rendtel: To the school press in the Federal Republic. An educational-empirical study , Hanover 1971.

Web links

Commons : Student newspapers  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: School newspaper  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karin Lubowski: Lübeck celebrates Thomas Mann. Hamburger Abendblatt, 19th Main 2005
  2. ↑ a b Description of the exhibition space ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Thomas Mann Archives @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tma.ethz.ch
  3. ↑ Hermann Kurzke: Thomas Mann: Epoch - Work - Effect. CHBeck, 1997, p. 40 ( excerpts online at Google Books )
  4. ↑ We have over 1000 school newspapers from 60 years in our archive. . Young press Berlin. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 19, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jpb.de
  5. ↑ Financial T ('a) ime: Foreword to the introduction of the “German” department of the FT . Presentation of the “German” department in four different languages: German , English , French and Spanish . Online at www.schuelerzeitung-tbb.de Retrieved on November 9, 2014.
  6. ↑ Berliner Morgenpost , October 12, 2001
  7. ^ Official Journal of the Ministry for Culture, Youth and Sport Baden-Württemberg P. 81/2005
  8. ↑ Administrative regulation 01-6499-51 Advertising, competitions and surveys in schools
  9. ↑ School newspaper: Bavarian Extrawurst Stern.de from June 8, 2006
  10. ↑ School newspaper editors complain about censorship ( memento of May 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Bayerischer Rundfunk, as of April 30, 2012, accessed: May 3, 2012
  11. ↑ Freedom of the press? Not with us! , Spiegel Online , as of April 30, 2012, accessed: May 3, 2012
  12. ↑ Legal basis for school newspapers . Young press Berlin. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 19, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jpb.de
  13. ↑ Justice portal of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia: Section 9, Paragraph 2 of the State Press Act of North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento of the original from January 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lexsoft.de
  14. ↑ School Ministry NRW: § 45 School Act NRW , p. 9. ( Memento of the original from September 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schulministerium.nrw.de
  15. ↑ School newspapers: legal situation . Young press Rhineland-Palatinate. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 19, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.junge-presse-rlp.de
  16. ↑ http://www.sophienschule.de/sr-goetterbote
  17. ↑ - Student newspaper award 2015 - The best young journalists of the year: call for applications. In: Spiegel Online . November 17, 2014, accessed June 9, 2018 .
  18. ↑ http://www.schuelerzeitung.de/projekte-und-veranstaltungen/sz-wettbewerb/mitmachen/  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Information on the participation modalities on the website schuelerzeitung.de@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.schuelerzeitung.de  
  19. ↑ http://www.schuelerzeitungspreis.de/
  20. ↑ 250 euros entry fee for school newspapers . In: Neues Deutschland from February 4, 2015, p. 16 (dpa report)
  21. ↑ https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=16680