Schießgasse

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Schießgasse
coat of arms
Street in Dresden
Schießgasse
Elements at the police headquarters
Basic data
place Dresden
District Inner old town
Created 16th Century
Newly designed around 1960
Hist. Names Kleine Schießgasse, Grosse Schießgasse, Nawgasse am graben, Schutzengasse, Schisgasse
Name received 1898
Cross streets Landhausstrasse , Rampische Strasse
Places Tzschirnerplatz (north end)
Numbering system Lot 7
Buildings Police headquarters in Dresden
use
User groups Local traffic , pedestrians
Road design West side built-up, east side parking lot
Technical specifications
Street length 130
View into Schießgasse (2014) from Landhausstrasse to the north. In the background on the left the Albertinum and on the right the wall of the Kurländer Palais at the end of the street
Street sign at the corner of Rampische Strasse (2009)
Police headquarters along Schießgasse seen from Pirnaischer Platz

The Schießgasse is a downtown street in the center of Dresden and belongs to the city ​​district Altstadt ( district Altstadt I ).

location

The street is between Landhausstraße and Rampischer Straße . The route runs from Landhausstraße almost in a south-north direction and continues as Tzschirnerplatz at the corner of Rampische Straße and Salzgasse . The west side is dominated by the police headquarters , while the east side is almost undeveloped at a distance of 100 meters from the inner city ring to the east and the north-south connection of St. Petersburger Strasse ( B 170 ). The road is 119  m without a slope . Of the 20 meter width of the 170 meter long road, 10 meters belong to the (repaired) asphalt roadway with sidewalks on both sides . Due to the historical connection, there is a connection to the Pirnaische Vorstadt .

Origin of name

The Schießgasse was laid out in the eastern expansion of the city on the area around the old Frauenkirche under Duke Moritz (Elector Moritz). Historical names were: Nawgasse am graben (1551), Schutzengasse (1555), Schisgasse . It was named after the shooting trench used for the Whitsun shooting and the shooting house of the archers or crossbowmen, who were on the alley until 1577.

history

Before 1548 the area of ​​the street was outside the city wall in front of the “Frauentor” at the Gothic Church of Our Lady and its cemetery . The Kaitzbach partly supplied the moat around the city wall.

From the end of the 17th century, the southern section between Moritzstrasse and Landhausstrasse was Grosse Schießgasse and the northern section to Rampische Strasse was Kleine Schießgasse. The location can be found on the map by Matthäus Seutter around 1760. West of Hasenberg (44) is Kleine Schießgasse (10) between Rampische Gasse (11) and Pirnaische Gasse (8) with the exit at Pirnaischer Thor (40) and further on Grosse Schießgasse (9) to Moritzstrasse (6) added. The street is built on both sides and the communication runs behind the buildings on the east side .

The bombardment in 1760 also fell victim to buildings on Schießgasse. In the period after the Seven Years' War , the Das Kerstensche Haus in Grosse Schießgasse was built based on Locke's designs. From 1715 to 1886 one of the Brühl's palaces , which was designed by Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann , was located at Grosse Schießgasse 10. According to a design by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer , the “Harmonie” association had a hall built in the Brühl palace. The house was demolished in 1886 when König-Johann-Strasse was broken through .

After the fortifications in the east have been laid down, Moritzgarten is located on Johannisgasse behind the Schießgasse buildings, as shown on the map from 1833.

In 1898 both parts were reunited into one street under the name Schießgasse. At the beginning of the 20th century, the street led from Zeughausplatz / Salzgasse / Rampische Strasse via Landhausstrasse and Wilsdruffer Strasse (then König-Johann-Strasse ) to Moritzstrasse and continued into Gewandhausstrasse . After the rubble had been cleared, the route of the newly run Ernst-Thälmann-Strasse was widened to 61 meters , and the southern part (plots 1–5, odd and 2–10, even) was removed and built over as part of the rebuilding of the inner city.

Development

View into Schießgasse

The Dresden police headquarters on the west side of the street with its extension of 130 meters lengthways and 60 meters across the Schießgasse determines the street character. Opposite it is a parking lot up to the tram route between Pirnaischer Platz and the Carolabrücke . The late historic building , built in 1895–1900, features elements of the Renaissance and Baroque styles . In order to create space for the building, the existing facilities on Schießgasse, the barracks from Rampische Straße and the corner buildings on Landhausstraße were demolished.

The Presidium is addressed as the only property on this side of the street with Schießgasse 7. The corner towers on Landhausstrasse and Rampische Strasse are characteristic. The middle part with the main entrance connects the two side wings. In contrast to the surroundings, the building was only moderately damaged in the air raid on February 13, 1945 and could be restored and used.

On the east side there is a large tree-lined parking lot (lots 12–24, straight), which provides space (100 × 80 m²) for inner-city parking.

In the north of the parking lot is the Kurländische Palais , built in 1738, destroyed in 1945 , preserved as ruins and rebuilt between 2006 and 2008 as part of the new inner-city building around the Frauenkirche . With its entrance opposite the Rampische Straße, it is addressed at Tzschirnerplatz 3. On Schießgasse there are only 20 meters of the south wing. The fire wall at the garden courtyard suggests that there will be building plans along Schießgasse. The building was erected in 1738 in the Rococo style by Johann Christoph Knöffel .

The police headquarters in Schießgasse and the Kurlander Palais (neighboring on Tzschirnerplatz) are listed in Dresden as a listed building.

In the house book of the Handbook for Dresden from 1850, Grosse Schießgasse (old town) is included with no. 1 on "inner Pirna'schen Gasse" (later → Landhausstrasse) to house 18. The numbering of the small Schießgasse begins with no. 1 on Zeughausplatz to 3 on Akademieweg and further to 12. In addition to the town houses with the tax entries and the respective residents, state buildings are also named for the Kleine Schießgasse. The Augusta Chapel is located in House 3, four residents and the Academic Lecture Hall are named for House 4, the Kufenhaus and the Royal Main Cellar , as well as CEF Scharf and FWGämlich are entered in House 12. FWGämlich is the Königliche Oberböttcher with an apartment on the 1st floor and CEF Scharf as the main cellar manager is included for Große Schießgasse 12, 1st floor.

The 1872 address book names the large Schießgasse (old town, catastrophe A) from Landhausstraße to Gewandhausplatz the five to six-storey private houses 1–18 (consecutive), some with commercial space on the ground floor. The small Schießgasse (old town, catastrophe A) is located from Zeughausplatz to Landhausstraße with lots 1–12 (consecutive). The first night watch station of the Royal Brandt Insurance Commission is located in building 1 of the Staatsficus, inhabited by the housekeeper and attendant Lau and on the fourth floor by the attendant Schmidt. On plot 2 there is a four-storey private residential building, on 3 there is the Catholic secondary school (owner: The Apostolic Vicariate in Saxony), inhabited on five floors by three teachers, an assistant teacher, the househusband and school messenger, a canclisten and the St.-Bez.-overseer. In the state building Schießgasse 4 (two-storey), the “vorm. medical-surgical academy ”, there is the expedition of the“ K.Forstrentamt ”and the“ office fdfiscalische Bauwesen ”, the secretary Pestel (Zeughausplatz 3) is supervised and a gardener, the head gardener, a cancer attendant and the professor Geh live in the house . Councilor D. Reichenbach. On the plots 5-11 there are again private houses. Schießgasse 12 is the "Kufenhaus" with the K.Domanialkellerei and the "Bureau der K. Bauverwalterei Dresden I", the winery administrator, the head and the side vealer, and the winery assistant live in the house.

In the years 1895 to 1900 with the construction of the building complex of the Royal Saxon Police Headquarters, including the "Caserne of the light infantry" accessible from Rampische Gasse and buildings on Kleine Schießgasse, the Große and Kleine Schießgasse were combined and the site numbering on both sides instead of the previous one existing horseshoe numbering introduced.

In Dresden's address book from 1943, the last one before it was destroyed by the air raids in February 1945, Schießgasse (in the inventory from 1942) is recorded intact. The Schießgasse has alternating orientation numbering, the odd numbered plots are on the west side, opposite the even numbered 2–20. Plots 1 and 2–6 (straight) are between Moritzstrasse and König-Johann-Strasse , followed by 3–5 and 8–10 to Landhausstrasse and number 7 and 12–24 (straight) to Zeughausplatz . Specifically, the five-storey houses 1 and 3 belonged to the construction company for the residential city of Dresden, it should be noted on 1 (1st floor) the work place of the Reichsgruppe Industrie for the re-training of war wounded. Property 5 is assigned to Landhausstrasse 12, the country house belongs to the State of Saxony and is the seat of the District President Dresden-Bautzen and the District Administrator of Dresden. The building at Schießgasse 7 (police headquarters) belongs to the police administration of the German Reich. The side wing A has its entrance in the Landhausstraße 17 with the radio control on the ground floor and the back buildings at courtyard A and courtyard B (in the latter the editor of the wanted paper). In the side wing with the entrance at Rampische Strasse 20, the guard of the mounted gendarmerie department of the old town and the section guard west are located on the ground floor. On the second to fourth floor the customs department, in the back building courtyard C (III and IV) the photography work group. The state police archive and the filing chamber are located on the fourth floor of the main building. The five- to six-storey residential buildings 2–10 (straight) are owned by the Kulmbacher export brewery “Mönchshof”. The four-storey residential building House 12 and the two-storey 14 belong to the "State", administered by the Schloßrentamt (An der Frauenkirche 12). Construction site is registered for plots 16 and 18, 20 belongs to the Catholic Youth Foundation. For 22 and 24 "The State" is again the owner and the Schloßrentamt is the administrator, in 22 / II the Catholic Youth Board and in 24 / Eg, I, II the office of the Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz. At the level of Rampische Strasse, on the east side with Zeughausplatz 1/3, the Kurländer Palais connects as a state building with the HE Philipp winery in the basement.

Residents

Notable residents of Schießgasse were

synonym

Due to the dominance of the police building, "Schießgasse" is also used synonymously for arrest and detention in this building and the police headquarters itself. This word context extends from the ruling authorities independent of the empire , the Weimar Republic , through the Nazi era , the pre-trial detention center of the MdI up to the turn to the present day.

During the Nazi era, the Schießgasse with the detention area was a collection point for Nazi opponents in Dresden. Victims in the police prison included Franz Latzel (trade unionist and anti-fascist resistance fighter) and Fritz Meinhardt (resistance fighter of Jewish descent), Robert Matzke (member of the Kurt Schlosser group).

The " Dresden Revolutionsweg 1989/90 " leads through the Schießgasse, past the police prison with memorials in tribute to the victims.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Damage plan of the city of Dresden. Edited in 1945/1946 by the Dresden City Building Office.
  2. ↑ Schießgasse on openstreetmap.org
  3. ↑ History of the traffic police
  4. ↑ a b c d Schießgasse on Stadtwiki Dresden
  5. ↑ Dresden on the Elbe, a capital of Upper Saxony a. most excellent residency of the present elector and Konigs in Pohlen . Matthäus Seutter, copper engraver & publisher, approx. 1755, with indexing of buildings and streets, explanations of the city's history and a view. - Text in Latin and German - NO above
  6. ↑ City map of Dresden, steel engraving, 1:11 500, from 1833 . Dresden / published under the Superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Drawn by WB Clarke. Engraved by W. Henshall. - [Approx. 1:11 500] [London]: Chapman & Hall, 1833. - 1 ct .: steel engraving. ; 38 × 31 cm.
  7. ^ Plan of Dresden. 1911/13/38/39/40. Sheet 1-12.
  8. ^ Damage plan of the city of Dresden. Edited in 1945/1946 by the Dresden City Building Office. Basic map: Plan of Dresden. Sheet 1 (old town, new town) Legend of the degree of destruction: black - totally destroyed; blue - badly damaged; green - moderate damage; red - slightly damaged.
  9. ↑ Police Directorate Dresden
  10. ↑ House book . II. List of streets and squares, as well as all buildings belonging to the city districts, with details of the owners, the apartment and vault owners, the jurisdiction and the tax units on the property (Dresden City Archives: digitized in the Dresden address books project, Saxonica)
  11. ^ Population register in the manual for Dresden 1850, p. 194.
  12. ^ Population register in the handbook for Dresden 1850, p. 288.
  13. ↑ Address and business handbook of the royal residence and capital Dresden with surrounding 6 cities and 24 communities . I. Address Manual Section, pp. 227-229.
  14. ↑ Address book of the district and state capital Dresden, Freital-Radebeul, with surrounding… . Part V, pp. 124/125.
  15. ↑ Saxon State Archives
  16. ^ Address book for Dresden and its suburbs . 1910, third part house book, p. 598 .: Royal Police Directorate: middle wing B 4th floor: right crime museum, left floor space, middle wing B: central archive / rear building courtyard B 1st to 6th floor: Weibergefangenenhaus / middle wing C 1st to 6th Upper floor: men's prison
  17. ^ History of the Dresden correctional facility
  18. ↑ Youtube: Schießgasse

Remarks

  1. ↑ On this map is north and the Elbe on the left, so that the shooting alleys are below in the picture.
  2. ^ Duden.de : Palais, das: representative, castle-like (residential) building, plural: the palais
  3. ↑ At the eastern edge of the parking lot, the “WasserKunstWeg Mnemosyne”, created on an initiative of the “Dresden Sezession 89” from 2000, artistically accompanies the Kaitzbach along its inner-city no longer visible course.
  4. ↑ The address books listed are given with the year of issue. Inevitably, the construction and living conditions of the previous year are included.

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 2.1 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 39 ″  E