Hagen Castle (Linz)

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Illustration of Hagen Castle from 1677 by Georg Matthäus Vischer
Linz with Hagen Castle in the middle of the 19th century

The Hagen Castle (historically also the Haaggen ) was a country estate at the foot of the Pöstlingberg in Linz district Urfahr-center . The estate was first mentioned in 1414 in a document from Reinprecht II von Walsee , captain ob der Enns . In 1609 it was raised to a free noble seat and was henceforth under the rule of the respective ruling sovereign . From this point on, the estate is called Schloss Hagen. In the following centuries it changed hands several times. During World War IIthe castle was damaged by bombing. In 1963 the castle was finally demolished.

Meaning of the name

With regard to the historical meaning and derivation of the word Hagen, there are different approaches: Either it comes from the word “chopping”, which means something like “wood for defense”, or from the word “enclosure”, which denotes a fenced-in place for cattle . Furthermore, the name could come from the hornbeam, which was often used for borders, for example for places of worship . According to the most common and most likely interpretation, the name Hagen is derived from so-called "hooks". This is understood as a symbol on stones in stone circles that looks roughly like a mirrored ones. Other spellings for the name of the castle were: Haaggen, Haggen and Hakken.

history

Early history from the 14th century to the end of the 16th century

A statue of St. Nepomuk from the former gardens of Hagen Castle

In the Middle Ages - the period can no longer be precisely dated - a large number of farms and estates arose at the foot of the Pöstlingberg. One of these goods was the later Hagen Castle. Until the beginning of the 17th century it was still a simple estate that was subject to a wide variety of dominions over the centuries.

The later castle Hagen took place on 17 January 1414 first documentary mention in a message from Reinprecht II. Of Walsee, captain of Austria on the Enns and steward of Albrecht V . In it he enfeoffed his servant Hanns Alt with the estate on the Hagen. The estate was previously owned by Engelhart Kammerer. Reinprecht II died in 1422 and his successor Reinprecht IV von Walsee enfeoffed Hanns Alt again in 1423 with the Hagen estate. Hanns Alt died in 1426. His son of the same name became the next fiefdom of the estate. Overall, the estate remained in the property of Hanns Alt and his descendants for 40 years.

In the following decades the property changed hands several times until in January 1571 Christoff Hackl zu Lustenfelden acquired all rights to it and replaced the property with a new building. The Meierhof and the brewery were also rebuilt. The later castle was often referred to as a simple estate until 1571, but the extensive renovation and expansion measures turned it into a respectable estate. It can be assumed with a high degree of probability that Christoff Hackl did not intend to continue using the estate for agricultural purposes. After his death in 1577 there were big disputes about his inheritance. The emperor finally had to intervene to regulate the ownership of the Hagen estate. Ultimately, the estate went to Niclas Khüeberger sometime between 1582 and 1586 (the exact date cannot be determined), although it only remained in his possession for a few years. The next owner was Barbara, the daughter of Niclas Khüeberger. Possibly the castle was a present for their wedding. There are indications that under the ownership of Barbara Khüeberger and her husband Stefan Engl the estate could have been further expanded and converted. After the death of her first husband, Barbara Khüeberger remarried and from then on was called Barbara Bischof.

The oldest known pictorial representation of the Hagen estate is an engraving by Georg Hufnagel from the end of the 16th century. The picture shows the estate as a three-story, square building with a courtyard in the middle and two corner towers. This shape, solidity and the associated good suitability of the castle to withstand possible attacks can be described as unusual for country estates at that time. On the south-eastern side of the building, there was another building, the use of which is no longer traceable today. It could have been a farm building.

History in the 17th century

Archduke Matthias , who elevated the estate to a castle in 1609

As early as 1604, Barbara Bischof asked Emperor Rudolf II to elevate the Hagen estate to a noble estate . Under the reign of this emperor, however, no decision was made on this matter. It was not until August 6, 1609 that Archduke Matthias , brother of Emperor Rudolf II, raised the Hagen estate to a free noble estate and was henceforth called Schloss Hagen. The liberation of Hagen Castle meant that it was only under the rule of the sovereign . Furthermore, the owner Barbara Bischof and her heirs were allowed to call themselves "von Haggen".

The appointment of the Hagen estate as a noble estate brought a number of advantages. For example, it was protected from interference by neighboring regional courts . The respective owner received the so-called lower hunting law , which allowed him to hunt on unfamiliar grounds.

It is very likely that Hagen Castle suffered badly during the 9-week peasant uprising in Linz in 1626. The north-west wing of the castle seems to have been particularly badly affected. It is not entirely clear whether this wing had to be completely rebuilt or heavily renovated after the peasant uprising. The southwest wing was also very likely to be damaged. It was either only rebuilt lower or in a reduced form.

In the meantime, Schloss Hagen had become the property of the Schmidtauer family. In 1636 the lord of the castle at the time, Hans Adam Schmidtauer, sold around half of the property that belonged to the castle to his brother-in-law Georg Carl Füeger. Little is known about the state of the castle in the 1840s. It can be assumed that it continued to run down and lost its reputation.

In 1645 or 1647 the castle changed hands again. From then on it belonged to Georg Christoph Ernst Freiherr von Schallenberg . Now the appearance of the castle has been changed again significantly. This results from a representation of the castle in a pen drawing by Wenceslaus Hollar from the 1830s. For the first time there were two oriel towers on the northern side. These two oriel turrets are particularly relevant because they shaped the appearance of the castle well into the 20th century. In the middle of the 17th century there was also a chapel with a tower that was attached to the north wing of the castle. Due to the construction work at Hagen Castle, there were numerous disputes between the baron and the city of Linz. The brickworks, which at that time was part of Hagen Castle - more precisely, the brick production and sale - remained an economic source of income for the castle until the 19th century. Under Hans Adam Schmidtauer, the brickworks and the stove were sold. It didn't stop there, however, because Christoph Ernst von Schallenberg had bought back the brickworks. Among other things, bricks were made for the country house and the Kremsmünster monastery house .

Until 1670 Hagen Castle remained in the possession of Christoph Ernst von Schallenberg. On March 15, 1670 the castle became the property of Sara Sophia von Cronpichl, née Schmidtauer. In the 1770s the appearance of the castle changed again. The former towers of the north wing have been reduced to round cores. There was a real corner tower on the northeast side of the castle . At that time, the castle had four gates and a large courtyard with a well. The exterior and interior facades of Hagen Castle had sgraffito decorations . In the courtyard mentioned above there was a sgraffito of a sundial at that time . It is certain that a chapel belonged to the castle at that time. However, it is unclear where exactly this was. The image of a larger chimney on the east side of the castle suggests the existence of a brewery . Under Sara Sophia's son Ferdinand Carl zu Cronpichl, the brewing activity experienced a boom, which led to renewed disputes with the city of Linz.

History in the 18th century

Leopold Anton von Firmian , one of the most famous guests of Hagen Castle in 1732

In 1700 Ferdinand Carl zu Cronpichl sold the castle to Johann Ferdinand Graf von Salburg. According to the surviving documents relating to this sale, the castle itself and the four buildings belonging to the castle at that time, as well as the brick factory, were in poor condition. The reason for this purchase could, however, have been the profitable brewery at the time. The Count of Salburg made minor modifications to the castle. He died in 1725. The next lady of the castle was his daughter Maria Franzisca Baroness von Clam. Her son Johann Nicolaus Freiherr von Clam subsequently inherited it. One of the glamorous highlights in the possession of the Barons von Clam was the use of the palace by Leopold Anton von Firmian , Prince Archbishop of Salzburg in 1732 . He stayed at this time due to an audience with Emperor Charles VI. a few days in Linz. It could be that in connection with this meeting another farm building was built on the west side of the castle.

In May 1748 the castle changed hands again and from then on belonged to Heinrich Maximilian Graf von Starhemberg . The castle was leased many times in his possession and suffered severe damage in the wars of that time. The castle then fell into disrepair, because neither the Starhembergers nor the respective tenants had any great interest in maintaining the building.

History from the 19th century to the present

In 1868 the castle was sold and remained in the possession of Vinzenz Schweeger until 1892. The next lady of the castle was Marie Anna Stöger. A year after they took over the property, a fire broke out in the castle in May 1893. After that, the southeast tower was probably built. The onion helmets of the castle towers were converted into pointed helmets in the 19th century. In 1896 the brothers Josef and Karl Weingärtner bought the castle from Marie Anna Stöger and held it in their possession for several decades. The brewery, on the other hand, was sold to the Linz Aktienbrauerei in 1900.

During the fifteenth air raid on Linz on January 8, 1945, Hagen Castle was hit by bombs and damaged. The painter Rudolf Steinbüchler had his studio in the castle for a while. His work View from Schloss Hagen on the Schlosskaserne in Linz was purchased by the Austrian Gallery Belvedere in 1948 . In 1956 the castle was sold to an insurance company. In the 1960s, however, a necessary renovation or rebuilding of the castle was refused by the owner at the time for economic reasons. In 1963 the last remaining parts of Hagen Castle were finally demolished. Only the building of the brewery, which was closed in 1906, remained.

After that, the grounds of the former Hagen Castle lay fallow for many years. In May 2011, the groundbreaking ceremony for the new university building of the Anton Bruckner Private University took place, which moved up from the Wildbergstrasse location in the 2015/2016 winter semester.

Famous guests

The following well-known personalities stayed at Schloss Hagen:

  • 1459: Georg von Peuerbach built an astronomical hall in the "Hackhen".
  • 1612: Johannes Kepler received some furniture from castle owner Barbara Bischoff for his first household in Linz.
  • 1724: The Infanta of Portugal, probably Joseph I of Portugal, was a guest at Hagen Castle on October 26th.
  • 1732: Leopold Anton von Firmian , Prince Archbishop of Salzburg, lived with his entourage for a week at Hagen Castle to pay homage to Emperor Karl VI, who resided in Linz Castle . to participate.
  • 1762: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , who was only six years old, was a guest at Hagen Castle on October 1st, 1762 during his concert tour to Vienna.
  • 1825: Franz Schubert
  • 1848–1865: Adalbert Stifter used the castle for 17 years as a short-term holiday home. After the death of the widow Amalie Stifter, part of the furniture came from Stifter's city apartment in Hagen Castle. The “Stifterzimmer”, which was later named the Stifter Museum Room, was located on the first floor of Hagen Castle and in 1949 was listed as a historical monument. Some of the Stifter furniture that has been preserved is now back in the StifterHaus in Linz .
  • 1936–1961: Rudolf Steinbüchler lived and worked at Hagen Castle.

The Hagen brewery and the former beer hall

Former Beer hall of the Hagenbrauerei, until 1990 Gasthaus Hagendiele

The brewery was already part of the estate and later Hagen Castle in the 16th century. It is unclear whether the castle was licensed as a free nobleman in the course of its elevation. There is evidence that Barbara Bischof already served. The city of Linz did not approve of this, however, and it can be assumed that this was followed by a ban on serving the castle. The existence of the brewery and a tavern is definitely documented for the year 1633, as there were again disputes between the then owner of the castle and the city of Linz. In the course of the centuries that followed, a large number of disputes occurred between the respective lords of the castle and the city of Linz with regard to licensing and brewing rights. Some data have been preserved about the brewery's production: around 1700, 4450 buckets of beer and 30 buckets of brandy are said to have been produced. This information is derived from a list of the castle's owner at the time, Ferdinand Carl von Cronpichl, when he wanted to sell the castle. The quantities of beer that were transferred from Schloss Hagen to Linz between 1714 and 1718 provide further information: in 1714 there were around 1366 buckets of beer, 1715 1629 buckets, 1716 1399 buckets, 1717 1756 buckets and 1718 there were 2085 buckets. In 1728 it produced 2,000 buckets of beer and in 1731 the brewery produced approximately 219 buckets of beer in a month. By the end of the 18th century, production had already increased to 4,734 buckets of beer. Around 1900 the brewery became the property of the Linz Aktienbrauerei and was finally closed in 1906.

The beer hall of the Hagen brewery, which was also closed in 1906, is the only remaining building in the Hagen palace complex. It remained until 1990 as a restaurant under the name "Hagendiele". The brewery was once built in the Swiss house style. From this style and from the curved decorative boards of the windows and the wooden veranda, not much can be seen today due to numerous renovations in the course of the 21st century.

The gardens of the castle

The pond of Hagen Castle today

According to an undated source from the mid-17th century, the castle at that time had two walled gardens with numerous fruit trees. From 1645 there was also a garden in which peacocks were kept (peacock garden), which was laid out by the wife of the castle owner at that time, Count Christoph Ernst von Schallenberg.

At the beginning of the 18th century there are also mentions in the literature relating to the gardens of the palace. At the end of the 18th century, orange and lemon trees as well as pineapples and coffee plants still grew in them . The castle's green spaces were devastated in the course of the Napoleonic French War. In the northwestern area of ​​the property there was a small pond with an island that was once accessible via a footbridge. Other parts of the property have been forested over the years. Apart from a few sandstone figures, nothing of the gardens has survived today. The appearance of the former park can only be guessed through literature and illustrations. A life-size sandstone figure of St. Nepomuk was saved and is now on the corner of Ottensheimerstrasse and Flussgasse in Linz-Urfahr.

Sagas and legends about Hagen Castle

There are numerous historical legends, sagas and stories about Hagen Castle and its reasons. Some of the most important and famous ones should be mentioned below: There were many rumors among the population that there were underground passages on the grounds of the castle. In addition, valuables and food supplies are said to have been hidden in these corridors during armed conflicts.

Another narration says that during the peasant uprising at the beginning of the 17th century, some peasants found refuge on the grounds of the castle. They were given the opportunity to spend the night there and have their wounds and injuries tended. They were also given food. However, when this became known and the enemy set out to take the castle, a severe storm hit, which gave the farmers time to arm themselves. In the end there was a fight in which the farmers were able to repel their opponents several times. The opponents were far more powerful and could only be moved to retreat by ringing the bell of the castle chapel.

Another well-known legend deals with "the white woman von Rosenberg". Katharina von Walsee, b. meant by Rosenberg. She was the wife of Reinprecht IV, the captain above the Enns in the 15th century. According to existing legends, she liked to stay in Hagen Castle. When she died, she is said to have returned to the castle in white clothing to protect it from any danger. Among other things, she is said to have kept the plague raging in the city of Linz away from the castle. Other stories say that Katharina wished to be buried at Hagen Castle. When this did not happen after her death, she is said to have returned to the castle in a white robe. Once she is said to have shown herself to the meierin (administrator) of the castle in the chapel. Before Napoleon's arrival , she was seen floating above Hagen Castle.

The Pöstlingbergbahn, summer railcar in front of the Hagen siding in 1970

The Hagenstrasse and the Pöstlingbergbahn

The Hagenstrasse in Linz / Urfahr was named in 1875 after the Hagen Castle of the same name at the foot of the Pöstlingberg. Even today it leads past the grounds of the former Hagen Castle (Hagenstrasse 59).

The route of the Pöstlingbergbahn was built in 1897 along the basic borders of the land belonging to Hagen Castle. A train stop named after the castle is located at the intersection of the following three streets: Hagenstraße, Berggasse and Hohe Straße.

literature

  • Walter Aspernig: History of the Hagen Estate near Linz. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1971. Linz 1972, pp. 33–77, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  • Hanna Schäffer, Herbert Schäffer: Strange things from Hagen / Linz. Historical legends, anecdotes, sagas and peculiarities taking into account the local, manorial and historical environment. Linz 2009.
  • Friedrich Schober : Our castles and palaces are dying. An obituary for Hagen Castle. In: Mühlviertler Heimatblätter . Linz 1962, Volume 2, pp. 23-25, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  • Norbert Wibiral: On the building history of Hagen Castle near Linz. In: Art Yearbook of the City of Linz 1971. Linz 1972, pp. 3–16.
  • Georg Grüll : Castles and palaces in the Mühlviertel. Vienna 1962, pp. 36-38.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Hagen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry on Hagen Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  2. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 34.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Friedrich Schober: Our castles and palaces are dying. An obituary for Hagen Castle. In: Mühlviertler Heimatblätter. Linz 1962, Volume 2, pp. 23-25, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  4. ↑ a b c d Aspernig 1972, pp. 33-76.
  5. ↑ Schäffer 2009, p. 4.
  6. ↑ Hanna and Hebert Schäffer: Hagen Castle near Linz: The history of a rulership in the mirror of historical legend, anecdote, saga and story. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets . Year 62, Linz 2008, p. 144, PDF on land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
  7. ^ Georg Grüll: Castles and palaces in the Mühlviertel. Vienna 1962, p. 36 f.
  8. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 37f.
  9. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 42ff.
  10. ↑ Norbert Wibiral: the building history of the castle Hagen near Linz . In: Art Yearbook of the City of Linz 1971 . Linz 1972, p. 3.
  11. ↑ Aspernig 1972, pp. 50f.
  12. ↑ Norbert Wibiral: the building history of the castle Hagen near Linz . In: Art Yearbook of the City of Linz 1971. Linz 1972, p. 3ff.
  13. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 52f.
  14. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 54.
  15. ↑ a b c Aspernig 1972, p. 55.
  16. ↑ Norbert Wibiral: the building history of the castle Hagen near Linz . In: Art Yearbook of the City of Linz 1971 . Linz 1972, p. 3f.
  17. ↑ a b Aspernig 1972, p. 57f.
  18. ↑ Schäffer 2009, p. 15.
  19. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 59.
  20. ↑ Norbert Wibiral: the building history of the castle Hagen near Linz . In: Art Yearbook of the City of Linz 1971 . Linz 1972, p. 4ff.
  21. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 59ff.
  22. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 61.
  23. ↑ a b Aspernig 1972, p. 64
  24. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 63ff.
  25. ↑ a b c Norbert Wibiral: On the building history of Hagen Castle near Linz . In: Art Yearbook of the City of Linz 1971 . Linz 1972, p. 7
  26. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 65.
  27. ↑ Aspernig 1972, pp. 65ff.
  28. ↑ a b Aspernig 1972, p. 67
  29. ↑ a b c d Hans Sperl: Materials on the economic and social history of the Mühlviertel. Former breweries in the Urfahr-Umgebung district. In: Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter , Linz 1987: 4, p. 323, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
  30. ^ Voluntary fire brigade Pöstlingberg: Fire brigade deployment after the bomb attack on Hagen Castle. Retrieved January 13, 2012 (German).
  31. ^ Richard Kutschera: The air raids on Linz in World War II. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1966. Linz 1967, p. 311, online (PDF; 7.2 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  32. ↑ View from Hagen Castle to the castle barracks in Linz. In: digital.belvedere.at ( Memento from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  33. ↑ Hanna Schäffer, Herbert Schäffer: Significant personalities and events in the former estate / Hagen Castle. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets . Linz 2013, pp. 22–31, PDF on land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
  34. ^ Hanna Schäffer, Herbert Schäffer: Adalbert Stifter and Hagen Castle (near Linz in Upper Austria). Linz 2013, pp. 18–22, web book at austria-forum.org.
  35. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 51.
  36. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 53.
  37. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 63.
  38. ^ Archives of the City of Linz: Former beer hall on Hagen. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
  39. ^ A b c Eva Berger: Historical Gardens of Austria. Gardens and parks from the Renaissance to around 1930 . Volume 2. Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2003, p. 82f.
  40. ↑ Schäffer 2009, p. 17.
  41. ↑ Aspernig 1972, p. 66f.
  42. ^ Archives of the City of Linz: Sculpture Johannes Nepomuk. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
  43. ↑ Schäffer 2009, p. 48f.
  44. ↑ Schäffer 2009, p. 48.
  45. ↑ Schäffer 2009, p. 31.
  46. ^ Archives of the City of Linz: Hagenstrasse. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
  47. ↑ LinzWiki: Hagen stop. Retrieved on February 7, 2012 (German).

Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 38.7 ″  N , 14 ° 16 ′ 10 ″  E

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on February 15, 2012 .