Kunzendorf Castle (Trzebieszowice)

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Kunzendorf Castle, view from the northwest

The Kunz village Castle ( Polish Pałac Trzebieszowice or Zamek na Skale ) is a castle in Lower Silesian village Trzebieszowice ( German  Kunz village on the Biele ) that the Polish community Ladek-Zdroj ( German  Ladek belongs). It emerged from a medieval residential tower that was converted into a permanent house by the von Reichenbach family during the Renaissanceexpanded and was finally converted into a four-winged castle by 1625. In the last quarter of the 17th century, an elongated wing with a tower was added, and the complex received its present form in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. It and its castle park have been under monument protection since July 19, 1977 and are now used as a hotel-restaurant.

history

The castle emerged from the Steinhof , a noble estate , which was founded in the late Middle Ages . His buildings stood on the rocky north bank of the Biała Lądecka ( German  Landecker Biele ). From 1337 the estate belonged to the Reichenbach family, who had the medieval tower made of wood and stone expanded into a permanent house in the 15th century. The property was then expanded in several stages from 1550 to 1625 into a palace in the Renaissance style, with the main features of the building already being completed in 1613. Remnants of the medieval building can still be found in the property's cellar.

Kunzendorf Castle in 1738; Lithograph by Otto Pompejus, 1862

As a result of the Bohemian uprising from 1618, the Protestant Reichenbachs lost a large part of their goods, including Kunzendorf Castle. In 1625 the property came to the baron Johann Kaspar Stredele von Montani, whose family remained the owners until 1678. In that year, Johann Kaspar von Montani sold it to the Imperial Feldzeugmeister Ernst Georg Olivier von Wallis . This began with the renovation and expansion of the existing four-winged palace in the early baroque style . A new wing with horse stables, a two-story orangery on the upper floors and another tower were added to the building at the west end of the south wing . At the same time, a 12.3 was  hectare large baroque castle garden created. After the baron's death in 1689, his widow Magdalena, née von Attems , inherited the property. In 1709 she handed it over to her son Georg Olivier , who was raised to the rank of count by Emperor Joseph I in 1706 , who also acquired the remaining parts of the village of Kunzendorf.

In 1783 Georg Olivier's son, Stephan Olivier von Wallis, sold the 1000 hectare property to Count Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Schlabrendorf . His son Constantin Carl Anton received Friedrich Wilhelm III in August 1813 . from Prussia to the castle, which celebrated his birthday there. The Prussian king took at that time with his family at a meeting with the Russian Tsar Alexander I in Bad Landeck. In the second quarter of the 19th century, the lord of the castle probably had the building modernized in two construction phases. The baroque dome of the tower on the baroque extension was replaced by a late classicist roof and an extension on the north side, in which the palace chapel was located, was redesigned into a belvedere with neo-Gothic windows.

Constantin Carl Anton's widowed sister Charlotte later took over the castle. In 1804 she married Joseph Friedrich Egon Landgraf zu Fürstenberg-Weitra and briefly brought the Kunzendorfer property to his family. Since she died childless in Vienna on February 22nd, 1864 , her great-niece Therese, Constantin Carl Anton's granddaughter, inherited the property. Through her marriage to Johann Nepomuk Anton Gotthard, Count of Harbuval and Chamaré , Kunzendorf Castle came to this family. From 1903 to 1905 she made major changes to the palace complex - especially inside. The inner courtyard of the palace area was covered with a glass roof so that it could be used as a winter garden with camellia and palm trees . In addition, the castle owners had a sequence of rooms in the east wing completely redesigned with Art Nouveau decoration. The representative staircase with elaborately carved paneling based on the example of the Viennese Baroque, which shows the coat of arms of the Harbuval-Chamaré family, also dates from that time.

Kunzendorf Castle approx. 1900–1905

In 1916, the Kommerzienrat Georg Müller acquired the facility together with the nearby Scheibenhof for 2.75 million Reichsmarks . During the Second World War , the property was attacked by the Russian army, captured and eventually looted . In the same year it came to the Polish treasury . After the end of the war, initially used as a psychiatric clinic, the palace was then used to house a state estate. After its dissolution around 1992, the castle was converted into a conference venue. In 2005, Polish entrepreneurs bought the complex and had it restored in accordance with the requirements of a historical monument , in order to subsequently convert it into a 4-star hotel with a restaurant, conference center and spa , which is known under the name Zamek na Skale . Some historical interiors can be viewed on guided tours for a fee.

description

Castle building

The shape of today's castle is the result of several expansions and alterations that took place over a period of more than four centuries. The core of today's property is a closed four-wing complex that surrounds an inner courtyard with arcades . At the end of the 17th century, a long, baroque wing with a six-storey square tower was added to the west. The latter is closed off by a pyramid roof with a crowning weather vane . All the buildings in the complex are plastered and - with a few exceptions - are painted yellow. The Renaissance wings have corner blocks and windows with house framing . The top floor is optically separated from the floors below by a cornice .

Alliance coat of arms of Reichenbach / von Ratschin

At the sloping southeast corner of the castle there is a large panoramic balcony on the second floor , under which the stone alliance coat of arms of the von Reichenbach and von Ratschin families hangs. It shows the year 1583, but was not placed in its current location until the 20th century. Another depiction of the coat of arms can be found in the sculpted triangular gable of an entrance in the north wing. The weathered stone shows, among other things, the Reichenbach coat of arms, the year 1612 and the name CHRISTOF FRIEDRICH (von) REICHENBACH.

Due to the various uses and the eventual rededication to an upscale hotel, only a little of the original room furnishings are left. The three restored rooms on the top floor of the east wing of the palace are particularly valuable in terms of art history . They are equipped with paneling in the style of the Neo-Renaissance and Art Nouveau, some of which are decorated with inlay work . A large salon has a stucco ceiling with flower ornaments and is equipped with a green glazed tiled stove. A door leaf in this room shows the carved Art Nouveau relief of a woman's head, which was designed according to motifs by the Czech artist Alfons Mucha and is supposed to represent Wanda von Harbuval-Chamaré, who was then lady of the castle.

  • The south wing with a baroque extension

  • Southeast view

  • Renaissance east wing (left) and baroque extension with tower

  • Covered courtyard

  • Spa area in the vaulted cellar of the castle

Castle Park

Kunzendorf Castle is surrounded by a 13-hectare landscape-style castle park with old trees. It emerged from a zoo east of the palace, which Joseph Friedrich Egon, Landgrave of Fürstenberg, had redesigned after 1800. For a long time, the head gardener Carl Christian Handtmann was responsible for the maintenance of the landscape park before he was taken over by King Friedrich Wilhelm III. was appointed court gardener to Paretz Palace and Sanssouci . The plants to be found in the park include various types of oak as well as woody plants such as sequoias , Serbian spruce , false cypresses and arborvitae . To the north of the castle building is the walled area of ​​the former Baroque ornamental garden, on the south side of which a large staircase leads to a viewing terrace on the Biała Lądecka. As part of the renovation of the ensemble from 2005, old paths and bridges were restored in the park. The Kunzendorfer Schlosspark is one of the best preserved in the region and is open to visitors free of charge.

  • Part of the landscaped garden

  • Restored bridge in the park

  • Staircase and viewing terrace of the former baroque garden

  • Statues in the area of ​​the former baroque garden

literature

  • Arne Franke, Katrin Schulze: Kunzendorf, Trzebieszowice. In: Arne Franke (Ed.): Small cultural history of the Silesian castles. Volume 1: Lower Silesia. Bergstadtverlag Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Görlitz 2015, ISBN 978-3-87057-336-2 , pp. 323-324.
  • Arne Franke, Katrin Schulze: Castles and mansions in the county of Glatz. An architecture and travel guide. Bergstadtverlag Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Würzburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-87057-297-6 , pp. 118–124.
  • Marek Staffa: Góry złote (= Słownik geografii turystycznej Sudetów. Volume 17). Wydawn. I-Bis, Wrocław 1993, ISBN 83-85773-01-0 , pp. 225–343.

Web links

Commons : Kunzendorf Castle (Trzebieszowice)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry of the castle in the Polish national monument list (PDF; 1.2 MB)
  2. ^ Castle history on the website of the Wratislaviae Amici Association , accessed on January 15, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b A. Franke, K. Schulze: Castles and mansions in the county of Glatz. An architecture and travel guide. 2009, p. 118.
  4. ↑ a b c d Information about the castle on the website of the Lower Silesian Marshal's Office , accessed on January 15, 2017.
  5. ^ A. Franke, K. Schulze: Castles and mansions in the county of Glatz. An architecture and travel guide. 2009, p. 119.
  6. ↑ a b c d A. Franke, K. Schulze: Castles and mansions in the county of Glatz. An architecture and travel guide. 2009, p. 120.
  7. ^ Renate Grimmlinger: The Fürstenberg Brünnl in Gablitz and the search for Charlotte Landgräfin zu Fürstenberg. 2015, p. 3 ( PDF ; 3.4 MB).
  8. ↑ a b c d A. Franke, K. Schulze: Castles and mansions in the county of Glatz. An architecture and travel guide. 2009, p. 122.
  9. ↑ Information about the castle on polskazdrona.pl , accessed on January 15, 2017.
  10. ^ A. Franke, K. Schulze: Castles and mansions in the county of Glatz. An architecture and travel guide. 2009, p. 121.
  11. ↑ a b c A. Franke, K. Schulze: Castles and mansions in the county of Glatz. An architecture and travel guide. 2009, p. 124.

Coordinates: 50 ° 20 ′ 53.2 ″  N , 16 ° 46 ′ 48.3 ″  E