Lichtenberg Castle (Landsberg)

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Lichtenberg Castle is a disused castle complex on the Lech in the Landsberg am Lech district in Upper Bavaria .

history

Around 1695–1700 by Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria , the Lichtenberg pleasure palace on the right high bank of the Lech , based on a copper engraving by Michael Wening (1701).

Lichtenberg Castle was south of the village of Scheuring on the right high bank of the Lech. Holdberg Castle was not far from the opposite bank . In the immediate vicinity of Lichtenstein Castle, there used to be a bridge over the river. Since the bridge could be overlooked from the elevated location, it has been assumed that the castle complex could have been a Roman fort in earlier times . In the 13th century, the castle was the seat of an aristocratic family who named themselves Lichtenberg after their place of residence and whose male line died out in the 14th century. The last descendant of the family known by name was Erhard von Lichtenberg ; together with twelve other nobles, after Easter 1314 he testified to the treaties concluded after the battle of Gammelsdorf .

It is not clear which family took over the castle after the Lichtenberg. In June 1354 Duke Friedrich von Teck sold it with all its accessories, namely the court, the marriage custody, the church rate to Scheuring and the imperial fiefdom, to Konrad von Freiberg († 1373) for five and a half thousand guilders . In 1287 Heinrich von Freiberg sold the castle and its accessories to the dukes of Bavaria. When the country was divided between the dukes Johann and Stephan , Lichtenberg fell to Johann. In 1396 the castle came to Wieland Schmelcher as a pledge, who in 1404 was a caretaker in Naumburg . He sold the castle complex on December 12, 1402 to Duke Ludwig the Bearded of Ingolstadt . Burg and Hofmark Lichtenberg were now administered by an authorized caretaker.

In 1420 the dukes Ernst and Wilhelm III conquered . von Bayern-Munich , who were brothers and waged war against Ludwig the Bearded of Ingolstadt, built the Lichtenberg Fortress, so that it came back into the possession of the Dukes of Bavaria-Munich, where it remained for the time being.

After Emperor Friedrich III. 1492 had imposed the imperial ban on Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich , Duke Wolfgang von Bayern , who would have liked to have co-ruled in Bavaria , undertook robberies in the judicial district of Landsberg from Lichtenberg Castle and plundered a. a. churches too, to get revenge on his brother Albrecht. Duke Albrecht's followers exerted so much pressure on Wolfgang von Bayern that he was forced to give in. It was not until 1506, at the age of 55, who had become unmarried and corpulent, that Wolfgang renounced any co-government in Bavaria. He was satisfied with being able to live in seclusion in Lichtenberg Castle; he died in 1514.

According to a purchase contract concluded in Munich on Tuesday after Lent Sunday 1515, the wealthy private citizen Georg Regel now acquired Lichtenberg Castle and the village of Scheuring for himself and his second wife, a merchant's daughter, from Duke Wilhelm IV , in whose territory the property was located. Regul's first wife, a patrician daughter , had died. Apparently, Regel had acted carelessly. Because the Duke suspected that Regel could keep treasures hidden in the castle, he sent a contingent of around twenty mounted men to Lichtenberg in September, including a bricklayer, and had Regel and his wife temporarily deported to Munich to remove the walls of the castle set out and let them search for any hidden treasures undisturbed. The castle was later again in the possession of the Bavarian dukes.

From around 1536 to 1700, the Bavarian dukes no longer had the Hofmark Lichtenberg administered by their own keepers, but instead gave it fiefdoms.

During the Thirty Years War , Lichtenberg Castle was burned down by the troops of the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf . On September 30th, 1648, the combined Swedish and French troops crossed the Lech on a bridge between the castles Haltberg and Lichtenberg.

Towards the end of the 17th century, Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria had the castle, which had already been cremated twice, completely rebuilt as a three-story pleasure palace. From now on, the new castle was regularly used several times a year by the Bavarian electors as a hunting lodge and for social gatherings.

At the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession , the headquarters of Maximilian II. Emanuel was here in September 1702, and his army of around twenty thousand men camped nearby on the Lechfeld . After the Peace of Rastatt , Therese Kunigunde of Poland , the second wife of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel, who had fled to Venice , saw her husband and children again on April 3, 1715 in Lichtenberg Castle.

The pleasure palace was also intended, among other things, for the hunt for herons with falcons in the surrounding waters. The hunting hawks had been carefully trained to poke but not kill the herons.

After the death of Duke Maximilian III. Joseph the palace complex gradually fell into disrepair. In 1806 the castle was demolished; a few decades later, apart from a hunting lodge in the castle park, which had been preserved, only a few remains of the foundation walls were visible.

literature

  • Joachim Dellinger: Lichtenberg. Landsberg Castle and Hofmark District Court . In: Upper Bavarian Archive for Patriotic History (published by the historical association of and for Upper Bavaria). Volume 3, Munich 1841, pp. 267-272.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Bavarian Annals . Volume 1, 1833, p. 150.
  2. ^ Paul von Stetten : History of the noble families in the free imperial city of Augsburg . Augsburg 1762, pp. 247-248.
  3. ^ Friedrich Roth : Augsburger Reformationsgeschichte, 1517-1527 . Volume 1, Theodor Ackermann, 1881, p. 178.
  4. ↑ Maximilian von Chlingensperg: The Kingdom of Bavaria in its ancient, historical, artistic and picturesque beauties, containing in a series of steel engravings the most interesting areas, cities, churches, monasteries, castles, baths and other architectural monuments with accompanying texts. Volume 1, Munich 1843, p. 172.
  5. ↑ Michael Wening : Description of the Elector and Duchy of Upper and Nidern Bavaria . Part I, Munich 1701, pp. 136-137.
  6. ^ Heinrich Zschokke : The Baierischen Stories Fifth Book . Volume 3, 2nd edition, Aarau 1821, p. 320.
  7. ^ A b Barbara Kink: Noble world in Bavaria in the 18th century: the diaries and expenditure books of Baron Sebastian von Pemler von Hurlach and Leutstetten (1718-1772) . Beck, Munich 2007, p. 140.