Rantzau Castle (Lübeck)
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Schloss Rantzau is a neo-gothic city palace in Lübeck Cathedral precinct, which at its core a medieval canons - Curia contains. The palace, also popularly known as the palace, is located in Kapitelstraße on the corner of the parade not far from Lübeck Cathedral on the former parade ground of the Lübeck city military .
Building history
The origins of the canon curia go back to the 13th century, when houses for the members of the cathedral chapter were built in the immunity area of the Lübeck cathedral . Only here were free-standing buildings allowed to be built in the Middle Ages, in contrast to the otherwise applicable city law, which prescribed block development . After the property was first mentioned in 1290, Canon Mohr built it for the first time.
The core of the building from the 13th century probably had the shape of a residential tower. The brick-faced rear facade and the Gothic vault in the cellar have been preserved from the 15th century . In the oriel room there are remains of wood paneling with coats of arms and the year 1586. Painted ceiling beams and baroque door frames on the ground floor date from the early 17th century. In 1760, the three-storey building, which had been long rectangular up to then, was expanded to form an almost square floor plan with two side extensions and was roughly the same size as it is today.
Owner and user
It is the last remaining of the 13 medieval cathedral curiae in Lübeck. The others were demolished after the secularization of the Lübeck bishopric in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803. The Provost Church Herz Jesu stands on one of the chapter plots, and the Marienkrankenhaus is located on another, directly next to the palace.
When the Lübeck cathedral chapter dissolved in 1803 , this cathedral curia became the property of the city. The last owner of this curia was the canon and Prussian chamberlain Baron Franz Ludwig von Höveln , who vacated the house in 1804.
A coat of arms of Canon Jürgen Schrader carved in oak wood (two below one) and the first letters GS (Georg or Jürgen Schrader) and the year 1586 on the outside of the shield are reminiscent of the furnishings of the former Canon Curia.
On February 21, 1805, the city publicly sold the property it had just acquired in the Schütting. What is meant is the old Schonenfahrer- Schütting at the corner of Mengstrasse / Fünfhausen . Such auctions were held there by sworn brokers. From the Lübeck advertisements we learn:
“A large residential building with its accessories on Paradeplatz on the corner of Pfaffenstrasse. The same includes 3 en-suite rooms on each side of the bright hall and 2 rooms at the back, all of which are wallpapered and heatable; also a large, bright kitchen and pantry, a servants' room and a chamber. On the second floor there is a beautiful, large salon with two adjoining rooms, all of which can be heated, as well as two rooms and various chambers, two large floors and several departments. Under the house a vaulted cellar, and around the house large courtyards, whereupon horse stables, carriage shed, wood room, servants' chambers and artificial water. Yet another spacious outbuilding furnished for living on Pfaffenstrasse. "
Protonotary Nicolaus Heinrich von Evers acquired the curia for 34,000 marks and was later to bequeath it to his son, Lübeck's mayor Christian Nicolaus von Evers . At the time of Mayor Evers, Queen Desideria of Sweden stayed in this former curia as his guest on visits to Lübeck. After the death of his wife Amalasuntha, b. Bothmer (1810–1856), the heiress of Bothmer Castle near Klütz , sold the house to the resigning officer in 1852.
Count Kuno zu Rantzau-Breitenburg acquired the property in 1858 and had a noble city palace, unique in Lübeck, rebuilt in romanticizing, neo-Gothic forms using the existing rooms. Architectural elements such as the use of half-square turrets, a bay window on the northwest corner, crenellated wreaths, stepped gables and tracery characterize the castle-like character and the Rantzau coat of arms attached several times to the house reminded of it. During the Franco-Prussian War he used the house as a hospital for the wounded .
In 1875 it was sold again and after it had changed hands again in 1882, it returned to the state for 115,000 marks in 1900 . At that time, he provided it for the construction of a swimming pool .
Now it was used as a seat by the 81st Infantry Brigade until 1912 before they moved into the Buddenbrookhaus . Temporary use as a women's trade school. In June 1939, the Lübeck calibration office moved into the rooms on the ground floor and the Lübeck trade inspectorate moved into the upper rooms. Both authorities left the building at the end of 1966. Then until the end of the 1990s it became the official seat of the Lübeck Office for Monument Preservation . The rococo hall served as a meeting and lecture hall.
In 2002 the house was taken over by the German Foundation for Monument Protection , which restored it until 2005. Today it is the seat of the administration of the Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival .
Rococo hall
The ceiling and walls, the latter in 4/5 of their total height, are covered with light, finely executed stucco . The individual wall parts are dissolved in panels, which are framed by simple rods in connection with rococo volutes . The middle of the panels always contains rich, gracefully hanging emblems of astronomy , music and architecture . Over the 3 doors you can also see stucco over- portals . with the use of putti they embody painting, music and architecture. The stucco on the ceilings is particularly rich in their corners. The attributes of painting, sculpture and music enclose a portrait-like bust of a woman in one corner , while in the other symbols of mathematics, astronomy or architecture surround that of a man. The corners opposite the windows are beveled and each contain a round niche that once housed the stoves. The Stockelsdorf furnace in one of them was sold to Hamburg. The lower fifth of the walls are covered with wood paneling. These as well as the doors are dissolved in panels, which adorns a delicate Rococo volute in the center.
The creator of the floor, which consists of Attendorner plasterer family originating Metz Johann Nepomuk was a master in his field. On the over-port, which represents the painting, he wrote “JR Metz. Fecit 1762 “ signed . In 1766 he furnished the large ballroom in the Ratzeburg provost with rococo stucco work. Stucco works from his hand can also be found in Westphalia and Hesse.
- Rococo Hall 1922
Northeast corner
South wall
Supraporte of the north door
literature
- Hartwig Beseler (ed.): Art topography Schleswig-Holstein. Neumünster 1974, p. 150
- Klaus J. Groth : World Heritage Lübeck. Listed houses. Schmidt-Römhild Lübeck 1999. ISBN 3795012317
- Bernhard Schlippe: Johann Nepomuk Metz and his rococo hall in Lübeck in Rantzau Castle. In: Der Wagen 1961, pp. 43–48
- Kirsten Nickerl: The building history of the Rantzau Castle in Lübeck. Kiel, Univ., MA, 2001
- J. Warncke: The rococo hall in the "Rantzau Castle". In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1921/22, No. 26, edition of September 24, 1922, pp. 102-103.
supporting documents
- ↑ Uwe Kröger: Eichamt Lübeck, Origin and Development of a Small Authority in the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, in ZVLGA Volume 77 (1997), pp. 114-139
- ↑ (1734-1804), cf. Schlippe, p. 48
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 '45.9 " N , 10 ° 41' 7.8" E