Červený Hrádek Castle
The Červený Hrádek Castle (German Castle Rothenhaus ) is located about one and a half kilometers north of the city center of Jirkov ( Görkau ) in the Chomutov district in the Aussiger region , on a hill on the southern slope of the Ore Mountains in the Czech Republic . The castle is a listed building and is open to the public. The village of the same name Červený Hrádek lies to the east below the castle.
history
Originally Borek Castle stood on the site of the castle. There is no evidence of the founding of this castle. Presumably this was built by Dietrich Kraa before 1413. In 1415, Kraa received the castle and two parts of the village of Borek as a fief from King Wenceslaus IV . His wife Katharina sold everything to Wenzel von Morawes and Kopitz (Czech: Václav z Moravěvsi a copyist ) in 1417 . Since Wenceslaus was Catholic, he fought on the side of Emperor Sigismund during the Hussite Wars .
In 1421 the castle and the settlement of Borek were burned down by the Hussites . After the castle was restored, it was painted red. From then on it was called the Red Castle (Červený Hrádek). 1448 bought Albert of Konipas, royal captain in Brüx (must), the castle. In 1454 he also acquired the Seeberg rule . His son sold the property to the Ogir von Otschedlitz. From 1473 the rule belonged to the Glatz von Altenhof. In 1516 Lorenz Glatz bequeathed the property to his daughter Anna, married to Sebastian von Weitmühl , Lord of Chomutov (Komotau). In 1547 the Saxons took Rothenhaus, Weitmühl received it back, but two years later pledged it to Heinrich von Gersdorff. In the course of the pledge, a Vorwerkshof was first listed on the Aubach in 1549. In 1554 Christoph von Carlowitz bought the property. But he was more interested in mining and he gradually sold the rulership. In 1576 he gave the rest to his illegitimate son August von Gersdorff . A year later, Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz and Hassenstein bought the property. He also owned Komotau (Chomutov), with whose fate Rothenhaus (Červený Hrádek) was connected until 1605.
After the death of his wife, Bohuslaus' son Joachim exchanged property with his relative Georg Popel von Lobkowicz (1551–1607). He received Jung-Bunzlau ( Mladá Boleslav ) for it. At that time most of the population was Protestant. Georg Popel was a staunch Catholic and tried to catholicize the population. The Jesuits , whom he called to Komotau and who founded a Jesuit college there, were supposed to help him . In 1591 there was an uprising, the Jesuit college and the castle were looted. The uprising was then put down and the insurgents severely punished. The town of Chomutov lost many privileges and had to pay heavy fines, but was released from them after 2 years when Booger fell out of favor and his property was confiscated.
In 1605 the large estate was gradually sold. Rothenhaus (Červený Hrádek) with Görkau (Jirkov), Platten ( Blatno ) and 24 villages were bought by Adam Herzan von Harras (Czech: Hrzánové z Harasova) († 1619). During the Thirty Years' War that followed, the castle was repeatedly besieged, conquered, looted and burned down twice. From the 1630s the widow Sabina ruled, who shortly after her husband's death married the imperial colonel Mr. Morzin, who was stationed with his department in Komotau (Chomutov). In 1646 her son Johann Adam von Herzan (1625–1681) took over the castle, which in the meantime had become an irreparable ruin. Johann Adam built a new castle from 1655 to 1675. The appearance of the building, which was probably designed by Antonio della Porta , has hardly changed since then. The heirs of the rule were the three Herzan's sons Ferdinand Maximilian (Ferdinand Maxmilián), Ernst Karl (Arnošt Karel) and Siegmund Wilhelm (Zikmund Vilém). In the 1680s the sculptor Johann Brokoff (1652–1718) lived here in the castle, where his son Ferdinand Maximilian Brokoff (1688–1731) was born, whose first names obviously go back to the Hereditary Prince Ferdinand Maximilian Herzan.
The castle and the manorial lordship were purchased in 1707 by Johann Adam Andreas Prince of Liechtenstein (1657–1712) and through his daughter Marie Dominika von und zu Liechtenstein (1698–1724), who was married to Heinrich Joseph Prince of Auersperg (1697–1783) , to the princes of Auersperg .
During the War of the Austrian Succession , the castle was occupied alternately by French, Saxon and Bavarian troops. During the Seven Years' War it was occupied by Prussian troops in 1762 and looted for about three weeks. From 1766 the castle was renovated again by the heir Johann Adam von Auersperg (1721–1795). This sold the rule in 1771 to Johann Alexander von Rottenhan (1710-1791).
This marks the beginning of the era of the barons (and from 1774 imperial counts) von Rottenhan at Rothenhaus Castle . After six years, the son Heinrich Franz von Rottenhan (1738-1809) took over the rule. He was one of the most important men of his time and one of the founders of the textile industry in the Saaz district . He also had the English garden laid out. In 1809 his daughter Marie Gabrielle von Rottenhan (1784–1863), married to Georg Franz Graf von Buquoy (1781–1851), inherited the Rothenhaus rule. In 1832 she had the district road from Görkau via Rothenhaus and Göttersdorf to Kallich built.
After the abolition of patrimonial Rothenhaus / Červený Hrádek formed a municipality in the Komotau district from 1850 . In 1861 a fire destroyed the stables of the castle, several houses as well as the weaving mill and the school. Two years later, the granddaughter, Gabriela von und zu Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg (1840–1923), who was married to Prince Ludwig Karl zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1823–1866), took over the estate. The eldest son Gottfried Karl Joseph, Prince zu Hohenlohe-Langenberg (1860–1933) had six children, of which Max Egon zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1897–1968) received Rothenhaus Castle. In 1938 he organized the meetings between Lord Walter Runciman and Konrad Henlein . After the Second World War , the castle was expropriated and nationalized. The original equipment of the castle was distributed to various other castles in the years 1945–1946, e. B. to Castle Krásný Dvůr (Schönhof) and Castle Benešov nad Ploučnicí (Bensen). The castle was used as a rest home for children, later as a dormitory for Greek children. After that, a training institute for mining apprentices and for the chemical companies in Záluží near Most was housed here. From 1967 the castle served as a rest home for working people and then for rehabilitation of patients and as a nursing home.
The castle has been owned by the city of Jirkov since 1996. After that, the entire castle was extensively restored by 2006.
Structural system
The baroque castle Červený Hrádek is a four-wing complex with a mansard roof and a rectangular floor plan, which is arranged around a rectangular inner courtyard. The main facade has thirteen window axes , five of which are designed as a central projection. The main building of the castle does not contain any older masonry from the previous buildings. Stone elements from the original castle were only used for the construction of the walls on the terrace in front of the castle. The castle was built as a two-storey building, whereby due to the terrain, only the side wings have a basement. The corridor in the east side wing was originally an open arcade , which was later walled up. At the front of the castle there is a double staircase with handrails and balustrades decorated with vases. Above the portal is a cartouche with an inscription and the coat of arms of the builder Herzan von Harras from 1675. On the opposite side is the entrance to the inner courtyard with a simpler portal with a segmented gable. Both entrances are provided with stucco and painted vaulted ceilings. The original ceiling paintings are no longer preserved, now copies of other paintings can be seen there, e.g. B. the fall of the Phaeton . In the years 1687–1688 Johann Brokoff (1652–1718) lived in the castle and created two fountains in the courtyard with the statues of Odysseus and the Cyclops Polyphemus from Greek mythology and the vases on the stairs. The old castle chapel was built in 1695.
The castle is open to the public and the hall of mirrors, salon, gallery, Max Egon zu Hohenlohe's study, the knight's hall and the castle chapel can be visited on a guided tour through the castle. The knight's hall, the main hall of the castle, extends over two floors and is decorated with statues of ancient gods and atlases . The wall paintings and stucco work depict battle scenes from the Turkish wars as well as hunting and mythological scenes.
The destroyed castle chapel was restored and equipped with a new organ. The original equipment of the chapel no longer exists. The palace chapel is dedicated to John the Baptist . The main altar, the glass windows and the wall paintings as well as the stucco ceiling show scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist. The new pictures of the main altar were painted by the academic painter Roman Křelina (* 1966 in Vrchlabí) from Jirkov.
Castle Park
The castle is surrounded by a large castle park and a wildlife park. There were originally numerous statues and garden buildings in the park, of which only a forest pavilion (temple) with a ballroom and a small theater has survived. A burial site (with a family crypt) for the princely family was built on the Marienberg. In the park, rare exotic trees were planted, rare magnolias and the hanging spruce Picea abies "Rothenhausii", named after the castle, were grown.
Picture gallery
Inner courtyard of the castle
Sculptures by Johann Brokoff in the courtyard
Castle Chapel of St. John the Baptist
Castle portal with inscription (1675)
Coat of arms of the princes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Ceiling painting in the passage to the castle
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literature
- Viktor Karell : Castles and Palaces of the Ore Mountains and Egertales , Volume I., Vinzenz Uhl Verlagbuchhandlung, Kaaden, 1935. (Rothenhaus Castle pp. 66–69)
- Rudolf Pensler: History of the City of Görkau and the Rothenhaus Castle, Görkau, 1928.
- Rudolf Pensler: History of the city of Görkau and the Rothenhaus castle. 1928. Ed .: Hans Hujer, Darmstadt 1989
- Friedrich Bernau : Rothenhaus Castle in Comotovia, 1877.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rothenhaus Castle (accessed February 8, 2017)
- ↑ Rothenhaus Castle (Červený Hrádek) (accessed February 8, 2017)
- ↑ Zámek Červený Hrádek - Castle history (accessed on February 8, 2017)
- ↑ Zámek Červený hrádek (Czech) (accessed February 8, 2017)
- ↑ Picea abies Rothenhaus (accessed February 8, 2017)
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 44.5 ″ N , 13 ° 26 ′ 39.5 ″ E