Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov

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Semjon Romanowitsch Voronzow ( Thomas Lawrence , 1805–1806, Hermitage (Saint Petersburg) )

Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov ( Russian Семён Романович Воронцов ; born June 15 . Jul / 26. June  1744 greg. In Moscow ; † 9. June 1832 in London ) was a Russian diplomat and author .

Life

Vorontsov's parents were the officer in the Ismailowski Life Guard Regiment and later statesman and General en chief Roman Illarionowitsch Voronzow (1707–1783) and the merchant's daughter Marfa Ivanovna Surmina (1718–1745). Vorontsov's older siblings were Ekaterina Romanovna Voronzowa-Daschkowa (1743-1810), Alexander Romanovich Voronzow (1741-1805), Jelisaveta Romanovna Voronzowa (1739-1792) and Marija Romanovna Voronzowa-Buturlina (1737-1765). After the early death of his mother, Semyon Voronzow grew up first with his grandfather in Kapzewo ( Ilyinsky - Rajon ) and then in the house of his uncle Michael Larionowitsch Voronzow in St. Petersburg . At the age of sixteen he made a trip through Russia and Siberia .

In 1762 the chamberpage Voronzow became chamberlain (5th class ). However, he preferred to be accepted as a Porutschik (9th class) in the Preobrazhensk bodyguard regiment . After the fall of Peter III. Vorontsov was briefly arrested because his sister Jelisaveta the mistress of Peter III. was. As a result, he was reluctant to serve in the Guard. His uncle Michael Larionowitsch Voronzow, the Chancellor Peters III. was and had lost his office, Semen Vorontsov was sent to Vienna in 1764 as counselor . Soon after, he took leave of absence.

At the beginning of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) , Vorontsov returned to service and distinguished himself in the battles on the Larga (tributary of the Prut in Cantemir Rajon ) and at Cahul in 1770 , so that in 1774 he was promoted to Brigadier (5th Rank) was promoted. Together with PW Zavadovsky , he prepared the text of the peace treaty .

1780 married Voronzow Jekaterina Alexejewna Senjawina (1761-1784), daughter of Admiral Alexei Naumowitsch Senjawin . They had two children Mikhail Semjonowitsch Voronzow (1782-1856) and Yekaterina Semjonowna Voronzowa (1783-1856), who married George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke at Wilton House . Ekaterina Alexejewna died soon after of consumption .

In 1783 Vorontsov was an authorized minister in Venice and then from 1785 in London . There he quickly familiarized himself with the political institutions and gained great influence. During the Russian Turkish War (1787–1792) he helped to disarm the British aid fleet in support of the Turks. In 1793 he achieved a renewal of the trade treaty between the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire . Afterwards he irritated Catherine II with his support for the exiled Bourbons , his criticism of the armed neutrality of Russia and his fundamental criticism of the partitions of Poland . He also criticized the settlement of British convicts in the Crimea and the employment of foreigners in the Russian diplomatic service.

After Paul I took office , Vorontsov was promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to London in 1796 with the rank of general of the infantry , although he had not been in the army since 1774. In 1797 he received the dignity of count and estates with farmers in the Grand Duchy of Finland . Although Vorontsov arbitrarily withheld the naval formation MK Makarov , which was used to block the Dutch coast, against the return order and rejected the appointment as Vice Chancellor and Chancellor, he did not lose the favor of Paul I. Only when Paul I approached France to tensions United Kingdom, Vorontsov was granted leave of absence in 1800 with permission to stay in London. In the following year Vorontsov's estates were confiscated by London bankers without investigation because of withheld state funds, which was reversed months later by Alexander I. Vorontsov was again appointed ambassador to London.

The difficult political situation, family problems, the death of his brother Alexander and his poor health finally prompted Vorontsov to ask for his release, which he was granted in 1806. His successor was Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganow . Vorontsov stayed in London and expressed his views on internal and external events in Russia in letters to friends and relatives.

In addition to the numerous letters on mostly historical subjects and his notes on the Russian army, Voronzow wrote an autobiography (1796–1797) and a treatise on the internal administration of Russia (1802). It was said that he never spoke a word of English .

Vorontsov was buried in the Pembroke family vault in the London church of St Mary-le-Bow .

With the Englishwoman Mary Beklebek († 1791) Voronzow had the son George Beasley (1790-1875), whom he did not recognize and provided with an annual pension of 600 pounds sterling . In 1832 George Beasley informed his brother Michail Semjonowitsch Voronzow that he wanted to apply to the king to change his name to Voronzow, which Michail Semjonowitsch refused in 1833. In 1835, George Beasley announced that he wanted to publish his name change request in the newspaper, whereupon his sister Ekaterina Semjonovna Pembroke arranged for the annual pension to be interrupted. George Beasley finally gave up the name change in 1837 and received the money until the death of his brother Michail Semjonowitsch in 1856.

Honors

Web links

Commons : Semjon Romanowitsch Voronzow  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Voronzow (accessed October 22, 2017).
  2. ↑ a b c d Bain, Robert Nisbet: VORONTSOV (or Woronzoff) . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . tape 28 , 1911, pp. 212-213 .
  3. ↑ Захарова, Оксана: Жизнь и дипломатическая деятельность графа С. Р. Воронцова. Из истории российско-британских отношений . Центрполиграф, Moscow 2013, ISBN 978-5-227-04170-8 , pp. 220-223 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Воронцовы . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape 7 , 1892, p. 95 .
  5. ↑ Половинкина М.Л., Шляпникова Е.А .: Семён Романович Воронцов . In: Вопросы истории . No. 11 , 2003, p. 62–83 ( historystudies.org [accessed October 22, 2017]).
  6. ↑ a b Семён Романович Воронцов (accessed October 22, 2017).
  7. ↑ Daschkowa JR: Записки. Письма сестер М. и К. Вильмот из России . Moscow 1987, p. 38 .
  8. ↑ Архив Князя Воронцова (accessed October 22, 2017).
  9. ↑ Charles CF Greville: A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV, volume I . Longmans Green & Co, London 1874, p. 250 .
  10. ↑ Александр ТРЕТЬЯК: Семейная тайна Воронцовых (accessed October 22, 2017).
personal data
SURNAME Vorontsov, Semyon Romanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Воронцов, Семён Романович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1744
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH June 9, 1832
Place of death London