Shiina etsusaburō

Shiina etsusaburō

Shiina Etsusaburō ( Japanese. 椎 名 悦 三郎 ; born January 16, 1898 in Isawa County of Iwate Prefecture (today: Ōshū ); † September 30, 1979 ) was a Japanese civil servant and politician. He was a member of parliament, several ministers and from 1970 led the Shiina faction of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).

Career

Shiina, a nephew of Gotō Shimpei , studied at the law faculty of the Imperial University of Tokyo . After graduating in 1923, he became a civil servant in the Ministry of Agriculture and Trade , after its division in 1925 in the Ministry of Trade and Industry , for which he worked in the Manchukuo Department in the 1930s and worked for the first time with Kishi Nobusuke , who started his civil servant career Started in 1920. During the war he was Secretary of State ( jikan ) in 1941 , moved to the newly created Gunju-shō , the "ammunition ministry " in 1943 , where he became State Secretary again in 1945 and was taken back to the Ministry of Trade and Industry at the end of the war. In 1947 he was excluded from public office by the occupation authorities and then worked for a private textile company from Tōhoku. The ban on office ended in 1951.

In the Shūgiin election in 1955 , Shiina turned to politics: In the four-mandate constituency of Iwate 2, he stood for the Democratic Party of Japan , achieved the fourth-highest percentage of votes and entered the Shūgiin , the lower house of the national parliament , for the first of a total of eight terms . After the "conservative merger" he joined the Kishi faction in the LDP . In Kishi's reshaped second cabinet , he became chief cabinet secretary in 1959, succeeding Akagi Munenori , who moved to the defense authority . He then took over in 1960 as head of the Policy Research Council of the LDP briefly for the first time one of the "three [major] party offices" , but switched in the same year after the elections as Minister of International Trade and Industry in the second Cabinet of Hayato Ikeda ( Ikeda faction ).

After Kishi's withdrawal, party and government leadership was in the hands of the main conservative current, the former liberals of the so-called “Yoshida School”. In 1962, when a large part of the Kishi faction around Fukuda Takeo formed as a potential successor to Kishi, a small group of MPs around Kawashima Shōjirō founded the Kōyū Club (about "Club of Friends"), the Kawashima faction , which Shiina also joined connected. While Fukuda was increasingly in rivalry with the mainstream party leadership, which eventually led to the so-called Kakufuku War in the 1970s, the Kawashima faction came to terms with the role of number 2 and, after a cabinet reshuffle in 1964, received deputy chairmanship for years. Shiina was also foreign minister and kept the office under Ikeda's successor Satō Eisaku until 1966, when he moved back to the party leadership and took over the chairmanship of the executive council of the LDP. During his tenure as Foreign Minister, reconciliation with Korea resulted in the signing of the Basic Treaty between Japan and the Republic of Korea . From 1967 to 1968 he was again Minister for Trade and Industry in the second Sato cabinet.

1970 Kawashima Shōjirō died and Shiina took over the chairmanship of the faction. With the accession of Sato's successor Tanaka Kakuei as party chairman-prime minister, Shiina received the position of deputy LDP chairman in the party executive as before Kawashima. When Tanaka's resignation in 1974 became foreseeable, a fierce struggle for successor broke out among the large factions. Faced with an impending split in the party, the faction leaders turned to Shiina to appoint a successor - they themselves excluded. In the so-called Shiina saitei ( 椎 名 裁定 , "Shiina decision"), Shiina nominated Miki Takeo , the chairman of the small Miki faction that emerged from the Progress Party . Even if some questioned this decision, a few days later Miki was elected party chairman without a vote, replacing Prime Minister Tanaka. Shiina also remained party leader under Miki, but Miki remained without a base in the party and internal party discontent grew, while the aftermath of the oil crisis and the Lockheed scandal threatened the popularity of the LDP as a whole. In 1976 Shiina agreed with the chairmen of the big factions on Miki's resignation, which became a reality after the loss of the absolute majority of the LDP in the 1976 Shūgiin election ; Fukuda Takeo became Miki's successor without a vote.

Shiina remained a member of parliament until the 1979 Shūgiin election , when he no longer ran. His constituency candidacy was taken over by his second eldest son Motoo , who held the seat until 1990 and later founded his own party as a Sangiin MP . Shiina died in the 1979 election campaign. The Shiina faction no longer determined a successor and dissolved.

Honors

• 1960: Great Cross of Merit with Star and Shoulder Ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany

literature

• Etsusaburo Shiina , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 31/1968 from July 22, 1968, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
• Fujita Yoshirō ( 藤 田義郎 ): 椎 名 裁定: 現場 に み た 椎 名 三 木 の 信 頼 か ら 破 局 ま で ( Shiina saitei: genjō ni mita Shiina Miki no shinrai kara hakyoku made ), Sankei Shuppan 1979.

Web links

Commons : Etsusaburō Shiina  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• National Parliamentary Library , Research Navi ( risāchi nabi ): Shiina Etsusaburō (Japanese)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Senkyo: constituency result Iwate 2 1955 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . Thus Shiina is the family name, Etsusaburō the first name.