Infirmary in front of Dassow
The infirmary in front of Dassow , also infirmary Schwanbeck , was a building complex consisting of the actual infirmary, the chapel and a schoolhouse, on the infirmary curve of today's B 105 before Dassow . Because of its proximity to the inner-German border , it was removed by GDR border troops in 1972/73 .
location
The infirmary was on the road from Lübeck to Wismar north of Zarnewenz (today part of Selmsdorf ) in the municipality of Schwanbeck on the left side of the Stepenitz and thus in the territory of the Ratzeburg bishopric and later the Ratzeburg principality in the sub-duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . In 1950, Schwanbeck and the infirmary were incorporated into Dassow on the other side of the Stepenitz (formerly Mecklenburg-Schwerin ). The infirmary was parish off to Selmsdorf; In the 19th century the pastor of Selmsdorf's Marienkirche held services in the chapel three times a year.
history
The infirmary was probably originally built by the bishops of Ratzeburg in the 13th century to care for leprosy patients; Already in 1441 the poor were also housed there. In 1504 two citizens of Lübeck donated a vicarie for the chapel. In 1505 the infirmary is mentioned in connection with the incident at the Dassower Bridge , which led to the Lübeck feud the following year . After the Reformation , the house continued as a poor house. To be admitted you had to be born in the Principality of Ratzeburg. The foundation assets of the infirmary were administered with the Ratzeburg cathedral . A school for children from Zarnewenz and Schwanbeck was connected to the infirmary and was run by the infirmary . In 1835 the school, which existed until 1917, was given a massive building. The last inmate in the infirmary died in the 1870s. Since then, the increasingly dilapidated building has served the schoolmaster as a stable. The infirmary with its hipped roof covered with reeds was in poor condition in 1949 and the final decline could not be stopped.
Infirmary
The actual infirmary was on the side of the road facing Dassower See . As a result, it was affected by floods several times in its history.
The building was a Low German thatched two - post hall house from around 1600. After the flood on February 10, 1625, which left only the roof and the main posts, it was rebuilt. On a floor space of 10.6 m wide and 19.65 m long, it combined a large hallway as a day room, the chambers for the inmates with the infirmary's apartment under one roof. The living rooms were quite low and, apart from the first one, to the left of the entrance, were all the same size. A wall separated the larger part of the house, intended for the sick, from another room of the infirmary behind it. On the floorboard side, a stone packing on the floor and a semi-stone wall with a semicircular end on the wall marked the place where the stove used to be. The brick lining was the rest of the old hearth wall, the top of a chimney with so-called flying buttress ended.
High water marks on a corner post reminded of a flood of 1694 and the Baltic storm flood in 1872 , when the flood height was 1.21 m above the floor of the house.
chapel
The chapel was opposite the infirmary on the inland side of the road. It was built around the turn of the 15th to the 16th century and consecrated by the Ratzeburg bishop Johannes von Parkentin . Their patronage was Saint George (Jürgen) . The chapel, a towerless building made of reddish-yellow brick over a field stone base, was structurally close to the chapel of the infirmary in Klein Grönau . It had a rectangular interior of 4.40 meters wide and 6.90 m long with two planned vault yokes and a 3/8 choir closure . There were vaults, but the vault had not been completed and the chapel had a flat wooden ceiling. A spiral staircase, which was supposed to lead over the vault, ended freely in the room under the wooden beam ceiling. There were three portals, the south of which had long been walled up. The roof, designed as a half- hip in the west , was covered with hollow tiles ( monk and nun ).
Furnishing
On the masonry Altarmensa there was an essay in Renaissance forms with a representation of the Last Supper and a painted crucifix, which came here from the church of Schönberg in 1663 .
The pulpit came from the village church in Herrnburg , where it had been donated by the monastery superintendent Nicolaus Peträus and his wife after 1593 , and was placed in the chapel in 1676. It got a new foot in 1818.
The works of art created for the chapel include a small St. Jürgen group (St. George on horseback, dragon and princess), which was probably made in the 17th or 18th century and probably replaced an older sculpture. The column belonging to it is medieval and dates from the 15th century.
From a Gothic carved altar, only one depiction of the birth of Christ remained (around 1425), the so-called Schwanbeck Madonna .
The chapel had a pewter chalice with a paten from 1640 as a device for communion .
cancellation
The chapel was still being repaired in the 1960s, although it was hardly used and was hardly accessible due to its location in the restricted border area . In 1971 the movable items of equipment were outsourced. With the transit agreement of December 1971, the then long-distance road 105 became a transit route from the Federal Republic to the Baltic Sea ferries in Warnemünde and Sassnitz to Scandinavia. At the same time, the demarcation in the area of the flood zone of Pötenitzer Wiek and Dassower See was still not finally clarified. Both factors led to the end of the infirmary complex. In the spring of 1972 the already very dilapidated infirmary and the former school house on the waterfront were removed. This was followed by the demand of the deputy for the interior of the Grevesmühlen district to have the chapel demolished as well, because on the one hand it can be “an attraction for people who can stay there in disregard of the border order” and on the other hand “the structural condition of the chapel for those in transit not exactly make the best impression ”. The Institute for the Preservation of Monuments inspected the chapel in May 1972 and determined that the building was not dilapidated and should be regarded and preserved as a monument. The head of the Schönberger Heimatmuseum and district representative for the preservation of historical monuments, Friedrich Lachs, campaigned for the chapel, which was "a unique example of nursing the sick and the poor" in the district. As a result, between May and July 1972, the windows, roof and furnishings of the chapel were systematically destroyed and the cemetery was vandalized. Since the chapel was in the specially protected 500-meter strip of the border, this could only have happened with the knowledge of the border authorities. Today it is believed that ordered rioters were at work, which should make the demolition of the chapel inevitable. On November 24, 1972, the district council announced the demolition of the chapel and gave the parish of Dassow until December 2 to save further pieces of equipment. Despite the decisive objection of the state preservation of monuments, the chapel was probably blown up on January 10, 1973 by units of the border troops . It was no longer even possible to recover the monastery tiles and roof tiles that were urgently needed for restoration work, for example on the Doberan Minster . The rubble was dumped in a location that is still unknown today.
Afterlife
Most of the rescued pieces of equipment are now in the Nikolaikirche in Dassow. These include the Schwanbeck Madonna (in the south aisle), the foundation stone of the chapel (on the south wall), the St. Jürgen group and the tombstone of Fritz Reuter's in -laws , who were house parents in the infirmary (in the tower hall), and the chalice and paten (in the former tabernacle behind the altar). The altarpiece came back to Schönberg. The atonement stone fragment found near the chapel in 1958 was walled in on the hallway of the Dassow rectory. A plaster cast of the inscription plaque is in the Folklore Museum in Schönberg .
The Siechenhauskurve developed into a hotspot for accidents as the traffic volume increased steadily until the opening of the A 20 . The frequency of accidents is still associated with it today by locals who have not forgotten the unlawful demolition of the chapel.
Barlach
Ernst Barlach , who was eighteen years old at the time , created a pencil drawing of Landstrasse vor Dassow with the infirmary chapel (8 × 14.3 cm) around 1888 . Today it is in the collection of the Ernst Barlach House in Hamburg.
graveyard
While nothing of the infirmary remained and the area was overgrown for a long time, individual graves in the small cemetery, once right next to the chapel, are still tended to today.
literature
- Gottlieb Matthias Carl Masch : History of the diocese of Ratzeburg. F. Aschenfeldt, Lübeck 1835, p. 383; 403; 578; 681 ( full text ).
- Rudolf Virchow : On the history of leprosy and the hospitals, especially in Germany. Fifth article [Südliche Ostseeküste] in: Archives for pathological anatomy and physiology and for ... , Volume 20 (1860), p. 459 ff. (P. 508).
- Georg Krüger : The infirmary in front of Dassow. In: Communications of the antiquity association for the Principality of Ratzeburg. 1 (1919), No. 4/5, pp. 57-67.
- Georg Krüger (edit.): Art and historical monuments of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Volume 2: The Land of Ratzeburg. Neubrandenburg 1934. Unchanged reprint Schwerin: Stock & Stein 1994, ISBN 3-910179-28-2 , pp. 327–334.
- Friedrich Mielke: The infirmary near Schwanbeck. In: Preservation of monuments in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1951/52, Dresden 1952, pp. 114–118.
- Horst Ende: The chapel of the infirmary in Schwanbeck near Dassow. In: Mecklenburgia Sacra 3 (2000), pp. 126-138.
- Johannes Voss: Joseph touches a soup. Chapel blown, but artwork saved. SVZ Mecklenburg-Magazin 2007, No. 1 p. 10.
Web links
- Literature about Siechenhaus Dassow / Schwanbeck in the state bibliography MV
- Information on the infirmary with historical photos, Dassow parish
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Karl Raabe: Mecklenburgische Vaterlandskunde. Second edition, 1st volume. Wismar 1894, p. 1411
- ↑ See ground and elevation in Krüger (Lit.), p. 329.
- ^ Friedrich Mielke: The infirmary at Schwanbeck. 1952 pp. 114-118.
- ↑ Quoted after Ende (Lit.), s. 128
- ↑ Nach Ende (Lit.), p. 129
- ↑ End (lit.), p. 130
- ^ Chalice after Manfred Poley: Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Nikolai zu Dassow. History and tour. Edited by the ev.-luth. Parish Dassow / Meck. n.d., p. 9; towards the end (lit.) who says that the chalice and paten are no longer detectable after the Second World War .
- ↑ The destroyed chapel has not been forgotten. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of October 24, 1991; Conversation with the sexton of the church in Dassow, May 2011
- ↑ Isa Lohmann-Siems, Gunhild Roggenbuck (ed.): Sculptures, hand drawings and autographs. Ernst Barlach Haus, Hermann F. Reemtsma Foundation, 1977, p. 41
Coordinates: 53 ° 54 ′ 0 " N , 10 ° 56 ′ 37.7" E