Lübeck feud

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Area between Lübeck and Dassow on a map from 1856

The Lübeck feud was a military conflict between the imperial city of Lübeck and the Duchy of Mecklenburg from 1505 to 1508 because of disputed sovereign rights on the Dassower See .

trigger

At the beginning of the 16th century, Lübeck was "on the best of terms" with its neighbor in the east, Mecklenburg. Together with Lüneburg, the city ​​paid an annual protection and umbrella money of 400 marks, thereby securing trade through Mecklenburg.

Buchwaldt coat of arms

In the summer of 1505, however, during an inspection of the Stepenitz in Lübeck, over which Lübeck had fishing sovereignty, a provocation by three drunk farmers who were supposed to bring beer to the infirmary in front of Dassow . The Lübeckers arrested two of them; the third escaped and spreads the rumor that the other two were to be executed in Lübeck. According to reports from chroniclers David Chyträus and Reimar Kock , this prompted landlady Irmgard von Buchwald auf Volkstorf , her noble neighbors and friends, the Parkentin , Quitzow and Schack families , to ask for help. Soon the entire knighthood of the Klützer angle moved with their peasants against the Dassower bridge . In the meantime, the people of Lübeck had given the two farmers good meals and let them go. But the rumor of the aristocracy's move had already reached Lübeck. After a emitted from Lübeck scouts Claus Parkentin and his men was killed, the Lübeck drew City captain out to a punishment for this breach of the peace is a noble estate "auszupochen" followed by a bunch of journeymen. The Mecklenburg knights had long been suspected of having stopped Lübeck merchant cars. Several courtyards and Dassow were devastated.

course

Henry V (1507)

When the Mecklenburg Duke Heinrich V (the peacemaker) heard about it, he was in Cologne with Emperor Maximilian and was able to obtain the imperial ban on Lübeck from him before he hurried back to Mecklenburg. But the people of Lübeck also turned to the emperor and got him to withdraw the eight and recommended that an amicable settlement be found or the dispute settled before the Reich Chamber of Commerce. Negotiations took place in Schönberg in October 1505 and in Wismar in February 1506 , but they did not lead to any result.

In June 1506, the case became the subject of the North German Princely Congress in Kiel , convened by the Danish King and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein Johann , which met in Lübeck parallel to the Hanseatic Congress, which had been held for the first time since 1498 . It was in Johann's interest to have an ally in Heinrich in his war against Sweden . Sweden wanted to get out of the Kalmar Union with the support of the Hanseatic League . Johann had banned Lübeck from shipping to Sweden and captured Lübeck ships.

Heinrich issued the order to deploy the entire Mecklenburg military power of 1,364 horsemen and 5,500 foot troops and built a blockhouse on the bridge near Dassow. The emperor supported him indirectly by imposing the eight over Sweden and banning Lübeck from trading there. The bishop of Ratzeburg, Johannes von Parkentin, also supported his family and the duke.

Thereupon the Lübeckers decided to lead the feud on two fronts, against Johann von Denmark and Heinrich von Mecklenburg, supported by Brandenburg and Braunschweig. On August 12, 1506, they sent a letter of rejection to Schwerin and invaded the Mecklenburg area from Lübeck and Mölln . They advanced as far as Grevesmühlen and Wittenburg ; over 30 aristocratic seats were burned down. On August 25, the Mecklenburg counter-attack began. The courtyards and mills in front of the city walls such as the Schlutuper Mühle and the Hof Hohewarte on the Wakenitz fell victim to the destruction. But the Mecklenburgers did not dare to besiege the strong city, but withdrew to the fortified Schönberg, the residence of the Bishop of Ratzeburg, from where they set out to siege Mölln.

The Lübeckers pillaged the Klützer Winkel and the island of Poel , while Heinrich was unsuccessful in front of Mölln, which was held by the Lübeck councilor Dietrich Brömse . Then the cities of Braunschweig , Hildesheim , Goslar and Magdeburg , supported by Duke Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , obtained an armistice . On October 23, 1506, the prisoners were extradited and hostilities ceased; it was agreed that the emperor's arbitration should be awaited. According to the will of the emperor, Duke Bogislaw X of Pomerania was to compare both parties with Lüneburg.

consequences

With Denmark, Lübeck concluded the Treaty of Segeberg on December 6, 1506 , in which it declared itself ready to suspend trade with Sweden until King John submitted. In the Peace of Nyköping on July 7th 1507, the mayors of Lübeck, David Divessen and Tideman Berck, also had to agree to Danish controls. This serious disruption of the good relations between Lübeck and Sweden that had been initiated up to now became one of the reasons that the Danish-Hanseatic War broke out in 1509 .

A peace with Mecklenburg could be concluded on July 15, 1508, mediated by Lüneburg. Both parties committed themselves to the status quo ante and to waiving their mutual claims for damages. Lübeck concluded a new protection and umbrella agreement with Mecklenburg. Together with Lüneburg it paid 500 guilders a year ; in return, Duke Heinrich should protect Lübeck's subjects like his own. This treaty was the continuation of the old treaties of 1291 and 1321; Martensmann's shipment with a ton of wine from Lübeck to Schwerin is a reminder of this recognition of the umbrella right.

literature

  • Heinrich Schnell: Mecklenburg in the Age of Reformation 1503–1603. (= Mecklenburg history in individual representations 5) Berlin: Süsserott 1900, p. 13 f

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Schnell: Mecklenburg in the Age of the Reformation 1503-1603. (= Mecklenburg history in individual representations 5) Berlin: Süsserott 1900, p. 13 f
  2. ^ Chronicon Saxoniae. Rostock 1590.
  3. ↑ Ernst Boll : History of Meklenburg with special consideration of the cultural history. Volume 1, Neubrandenburg 1855, p. 340
  4. ^ Antjekathrin Graßmann : Lübeckische Geschichte. 2nd revised edition. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1989, ISBN 3-7950-3203-2 , p. 367