Siegfried I (Mainz)
Siegfried I of Mainz (* unknown; † February 16, 1084 in Hasungen Monastery ) was abbot of Fulda Monastery from 1058 to 1060 and Archbishop of Mainz from 1060 to 1084 .
Life
Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz came from the Middle Rhine-Franconian noble family of the Reginbodonen . His brother was Burgrave Regenhard of Mainz and his sister was Uta. On April 2, 1068, in the presence of her brothers, Uta donated her inheritance to Isselde im Nordgau (= Eysölden near Hilpoltstein) to the Johanniskapelle in Eichstätter Dom. Close relatives of Siegfried were counts in Königssondergau , burgraves and archbishopric of Mainz and high bailiffs of the Fulda monastery. His exact date of birth is not known. He died on February 16, 1084 in Hasungen, which he had converted a few years earlier from a canon into a Benedictine monastery; there he was also buried.
Church career
Siegfried was in the monastery of Fulda brought up, was there Benedictine - Monk and on December 25, 1058 Abbot . On January 6, 1060, Empress Agnes appointed him Archbishop of Mainz. Siegfried is thus in the early medieval tradition, which was later to lead numerous Fulda abbots to the Erzstuhl.
In the winter of 1064/1065 he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem . He was accompanied by the bishops of Bamberg, Regensburg and Utrecht as well as about 7,000 pilgrims. Society was attacked and robbed in the mountain gorges of Palestine . A total of about 5,000 pilgrims were killed. Bishop Gunther von Bamberg , with whom Siegfried maintained close friendly contacts, died on the return journey from the unsuccessful pilgrimage.
A little later, in 1070, Siegfried wanted to voluntarily resign from his office as archbishop during a trip to Rome to see Pope Alexander II , but the Pope forbade this step. Together with Archbishop Anno of Cologne, Siegfried converted the Saalfeld Abbey into a Benedictine monastery in 1071 .
After he got to know the abbot Hugo von Cluny , he went in 1072, on the pretext of wanting to undertake a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela , in the monastery of Cluny , but the Mainz population reached his return to the local diocese. Since then he was devoted to the Cluniac reform movement, which u. a. culminated in the foundation of the Ravengiersburg and Hasungen monasteries in 1074.
After his departure from King Heinrich IV , he was expelled from his archbishopric by the citizens of Mainz who were loyal to the king. After the end of 1081 he no longer appears in contemporary sources until his death in early 1084.
Siegfried probably never obtained the pallium that Siegfried and his advocate Empress Agnes had asked for several times from Popes Alexander II and Gregory VII .
Political activity
In the spring of 1062 Siegfried was possibly a member of the group around Archbishop Anno II of Cologne , who, when Kaiserswerth was kidnapped, seized King Heinrich IV and thus the state power. Nevertheless, he never had the political influence of Annos or Adalbert von Bremen , but always remained a “third force”.
In the investiture dispute Siegfried was initially clearly on the side of the king. In January 1076 he was at the head of the Worms Bishops' Assembly, which Gregory VII denied allegiance to and declared deposed. After Gregory had put both Heinrich IV and Siegfried under the spell at the Roman Synod of Lent in 1076, the only named Reich Bishop, the Archbishop of Mainz quickly switched to the side of the Pope and then became a bitter opponent of the Salier King.
The Manifestum tempore Henrici IV imperatoris (also known as the Königsberg fragment ), which was rediscovered in 2014 by Przemyslaw Nowak , a fragmentary statement of a presumably episcopal opponent of Henry IV from around 1077, which justifies his change of party to the papal side, can with some probability be attributed to Siegfried .
He is said to have militarily shielded the Princely Congress of Trebur in October 1076, in the context of which the raising of an opposing king was discussed for the first time. After he had already held a leading position in the ascension of Rudolf von Rheinfelden as king in Forchheim (March 15, 1077), he crowned and anointed him on March 25, 1077 in Mainz Cathedral to be the anti-king. A second anti-king, Hermann von Salm , was consecrated by Siegfried on December 26, 1081 in Goslar . It is possible that Siegfried instrumentalized the use of a Mainz consecration prescription in relation to the opposing kings of Henry IV in order to undermine the rival claims of the Cologne archbishops, who for their part were preparing to establish themselves as the only legitimate coronators in the Roman-German Empire.
literature
- Theodor Lindner : Sigfrid (Archbishop of Mainz) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, p. 258 f.
- Alois Gerlich : Siegfried I . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 7, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7608-8907-7 , Sp. 1865.
- Max Herrmann: Siegfried I, Archbishop of Mainz. 1060-1084. Contribution to the history of King Heinrich IV. Leipzig 1889 (dissertation).
- Eugen Hannach: Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz as a personal and political character. Rostock 1900 (dissertation).
- Gustav Schmidt: Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz. A contribution to the history of Mainz politics in the 11th century. Ebering, Berlin 1917 (dissertation).
- Rainer Rudolph: Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz (1060-1084). A contribution to the history of the Archbishops of Mainz in the investiture dispute. Frankfurt 1973 (dissertation).
- Sigrid Duchhardt-Bösken : Siegfried I. (Mainz). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 10, Bautz, Herzberg 1995, ISBN 3-88309-062-X , Sp. 101-102.
- Konrad Lübeck , The Fulda abbots and prince abbots of the Middle Ages . 31. Publication of the Fulda History Association, Fulda 1952.
- Josef Leinweber: The Fulda abbots and bishops. Knecht, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-7820-0585-6 , p. 43 f.
- Rudolf Schieffer: Siegfried I .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 347 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Thorsten Pirkl, tomb of a Fulda abbot in Northern Hesse In: Buchenblätter, supplement of the Fuldaer Zeitung for Heimatfreunde, 85th year number 4 from February 16, 2012. P. 13 f.
- Matthias Schrör : Siegfried I of Mainz (1060-1084) and the fight for the right to coronation in the regnum Teutonicum. In Heinz Finger , Rudolf Hiestand (ed.): Bishops, monasteries, universities and Rome - memorial for Josef Semmler (1928–2011) ( Libelli Rhenani. Writings of the Archbishop's Diocesan and Cathedral Library on Rhenish church and regional history as well as book and Library History, Volume 41). Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-939160-35-9 , pp. 59–81.
- Heinz Thomas : Siegfried I of Mainz and the tradition of his church. A contribution to the election of Rudolf von Rheinfelden . In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages . Volume 26, 1970, pp. 368-399. ( Digitized version )
Web links
- Siegfried I. in the personal register of the Germania Sacra online
- Eppstein, Siegfried I. von. Hessian biography. (As of February 16, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Entry on Siegfried I. in the Rhineland-Palatinate personal database
Remarks
- ^ Franz Heidingsfelder: The Regesta of the Bishops of Eichstätt, Innsbruck-Erlangen 1915–1938, p. 82, certificate no. 237 .
- ↑ C. Wernicke: The history of the Middle Ages. Berlin 1854, p. 186 .
- ^ "Königsberg fragment" found again in Thorn ". April 1, 2014, accessed on September 29, 2017 .
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Egbert |
Abbot of Fulda 1058-1060 |
Widerad from Eppenstein |
Luitpold I. |
Archbishop of Mainz 1060-1084 |
Wezilo |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Siegfried I. |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sigfried |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German Archbishop of Mainz (1060-1084) |
DATE OF BIRTH | before 1058 |
DATE OF DEATH | February 16, 1084 |
Place of death | Hasungen Monastery |