Siegfried I (Mainz)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Siegfried I of Mainz (* unknown; † February 16, 1084 in Hasungen Monastery ) was abbot of Fulda Monastery from 1058 to 1060 and Archbishop of Mainz from 1060 to 1084 .

Life

Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz came from the Middle Rhine-Franconian noble family of the Reginbodonen . His brother was Burgrave Regenhard of Mainz and his sister was Uta. On April 2, 1068, in the presence of her brothers, Uta donated her inheritance to Isselde im Nordgau (= Eysölden near Hilpoltstein) to the Johanniskapelle in Eichstätter Dom. Close relatives of Siegfried were counts in Königssondergau , burgraves and archbishopric of Mainz and high bailiffs of the Fulda monastery. His exact date of birth is not known. He died on February 16, 1084 in Hasungen, which he had converted a few years earlier from a canon into a Benedictine monastery; there he was also buried.

Church career

Siegfried was in the monastery of Fulda brought up, was there Benedictine - Monk and on December 25, 1058 Abbot . On January 6, 1060, Empress Agnes appointed him Archbishop of Mainz. Siegfried is thus in the early medieval tradition, which was later to lead numerous Fulda abbots to the Erzstuhl.

In the winter of 1064/1065 he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem . He was accompanied by the bishops of Bamberg, Regensburg and Utrecht as well as about 7,000 pilgrims. Society was attacked and robbed in the mountain gorges of Palestine . A total of about 5,000 pilgrims were killed. Bishop Gunther von Bamberg , with whom Siegfried maintained close friendly contacts, died on the return journey from the unsuccessful pilgrimage.

A little later, in 1070, Siegfried wanted to voluntarily resign from his office as archbishop during a trip to Rome to see Pope Alexander II , but the Pope forbade this step. Together with Archbishop Anno of Cologne, Siegfried converted the Saalfeld Abbey into a Benedictine monastery in 1071 .

After he got to know the abbot Hugo von Cluny , he went in 1072, on the pretext of wanting to undertake a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela , in the monastery of Cluny , but the Mainz population reached his return to the local diocese. Since then he was devoted to the Cluniac reform movement, which u. a. culminated in the foundation of the Ravengiersburg and Hasungen monasteries in 1074.

After his departure from King Heinrich IV , he was expelled from his archbishopric by the citizens of Mainz who were loyal to the king. After the end of 1081 he no longer appears in contemporary sources until his death in early 1084.

Siegfried probably never obtained the pallium that Siegfried and his advocate Empress Agnes had asked for several times from Popes Alexander II and Gregory VII .

Political activity

In the spring of 1062 Siegfried was possibly a member of the group around Archbishop Anno II of Cologne , who, when Kaiserswerth was kidnapped, seized King Heinrich IV and thus the state power. Nevertheless, he never had the political influence of Annos or Adalbert von Bremen , but always remained a “third force”.

In the investiture dispute Siegfried was initially clearly on the side of the king. In January 1076 he was at the head of the Worms Bishops' Assembly, which Gregory VII denied allegiance to and declared deposed. After Gregory had put both Heinrich IV and Siegfried under the spell at the Roman Synod of Lent in 1076, the only named Reich Bishop, the Archbishop of Mainz quickly switched to the side of the Pope and then became a bitter opponent of the Salier King.

The Manifestum tempore Henrici IV imperatoris (also known as the Königsberg fragment ), which was rediscovered in 2014 by Przemyslaw Nowak , a fragmentary statement of a presumably episcopal opponent of Henry IV from around 1077, which justifies his change of party to the papal side, can with some probability be attributed to Siegfried .

He is said to have militarily shielded the Princely Congress of Trebur in October 1076, in the context of which the raising of an opposing king was discussed for the first time. After he had already held a leading position in the ascension of Rudolf von Rheinfelden as king in Forchheim (March 15, 1077), he crowned and anointed him on March 25, 1077 in Mainz Cathedral to be the anti-king. A second anti-king, Hermann von Salm , was consecrated by Siegfried on December 26, 1081 in Goslar . It is possible that Siegfried instrumentalized the use of a Mainz consecration prescription in relation to the opposing kings of Henry IV in order to undermine the rival claims of the Cologne archbishops, who for their part were preparing to establish themselves as the only legitimate coronators in the Roman-German Empire.

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Franz Heidingsfelder: The Regesta of the Bishops of Eichstätt, Innsbruck-Erlangen 1915–1938, p. 82, certificate no. 237 .
  2. ↑ C. Wernicke: The history of the Middle Ages. Berlin 1854, p. 186 .
  3. ^ "Königsberg fragment" found again in Thorn ". April 1, 2014, accessed on September 29, 2017 .
predecessor Office successor
Egbert Abbot of Fulda
1058-1060 		Widerad from Eppenstein
Luitpold I. Archbishop of Mainz
1060-1084 		Wezilo
personal data
SURNAME Siegfried I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sigfried
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Archbishop of Mainz (1060-1084)
DATE OF BIRTH before 1058
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1084
Place of death Hasungen Monastery