Simon Pelloutier

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Simon Pelloutier, engraving by Johann Jakob Haid after a painting by Georg Lisiewski

Simon Pelloutier (born October 27, 1694 in Leipzig ; † October 2, 1757 in Berlin ) was a German historian , theologian and antiquarian ("antiquarian").

portrait

The portrait opposite shows Simon Pelloutier as a half-length figure. Part of a library is visible in the background. At the bottom there is a heraldic cartridge. In the console base is a five-line Latin legend SIMON PELLOVTIERIVS | Potentiss [imo] Borussiae Regi a Consiliis eccles [iasticis] | et Assessor Consistorii ecclesiae Gallicae supremi, | Pastor Gallorum Berolinensis | nat [us] Lipsiae d [ie] Oct. 27. st [ili] v [eteris] Anno MDCXCIV.

The painter was the portrait painter at the court of King Friedrich Wilhelm I in Prussia Georg Lisiewski . The engraver and mezzotint artist Johann Jacob Haid made the engraving for the artwork .

family

His father was the Lyon- born merchant Jean Pelloutier , his mother, Françoise Claparède (Clapareste), came from Languedoc . His ancestors came from a respected merchant family from Jausiers in southern France, which originally belonged to the Waldensian faith. She had lived in Jausiers for two decades and kept her faith and sacrificed her fortune for it. When the territory of France was ceded to the House of Savoy in 1623 , the population was given the choice of either changing their religion or emigrating. Grandfather Simon Pelloutier therefore emigrated to Lyon with no belongings, accompanied by his son Jean and with the Bible under his arm. Since he saw the harbingers that the Edict of Nantes would be repealed and the Reformed people were no longer tolerated in France, he emigrated to Leipzig in 1685 before King Louis XIV revoked the edict in its entirety in the Edict of Fontainebleau on October 18, 1685 . This deprived the French Protestants of all religious and civil rights. Within a few months, hundreds of thousands fled mainly to the Calvinist areas of the Netherlands , the Calvinist cantons of Switzerland and Prussia ( Edict of Potsdam ). The father died shortly after the son was born in 1695, so his mother took care of the upbringing.

On November 28, 1720, Simon Pelloutier married Françoise Jassoy (1701–1766), the youngest daughter of David Jassoy, who was born in Metz in 1655 and worked there as a pharmacist, and his second wife, Judith Le Bachelé, who was also born here in 1652. With her he had five sons and two daughters as well as the son David from his first marriage, who studied medicine in Basel.

His brother was the merchant Jean Barthélémy Pelloutier, born around 1694 in Leipzig, who on May 23, 1722 Charlotte Jassoy (1700–1773), the daughter of the married couple Pierre Jassoy (1660–1714), a jeweler in Berlin, and Catherine Séchehaye (1662 -1709), married in Berlin. They had immigrated from Metz because of the persecution of the Huguenots . Francoise Jassoy's father, David Jassoy, was the brother of Charlotte Jassoy's father, Pierre Jassoy. The two spouses Charlotte and Françoise Jassoy were cousins. Charlotte Jassoy was the sister of Rachel Jassoy (1689–1761), the grandmother of Pierre Jérémie Hainchelin , the important Prussian tax officer (1727–1787). He was the first director of the French Timber Company, director of the French orphanage and the “École de Charité” in Berlin.

There are also family ties to Nikolaus von Béguelin , the tutor of the Prussian heir to the throne and later King Friedrich Wilhelm II and director of the Philosophical Class of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. In 1761 he married Marie-Catharine Pelloutier (1733–1794), the daughter of Jean-Barthélémy Pelloutier and his wife Charlotte Jassoy.

Life

Pelloutier successfully attended the reformed humanistic grammar school in Halle from 1701 and distinguished himself as a gifted student. At the end of 1710 he moved to Berlin to begin his studies and was lucky enough to make the acquaintance of the Reformed theologians Alphonse des Vignoles and Jacques Lenfant and the royal librarian in Berlin Maturin Veyssière de La Croze .

In 1712 Pelloutier became the educator of the children of the Prince of Montbéliard , which at that time belonged to Württemberg as an area on the left bank of the Rhine and had introduced the Reformation as early as 1524, and went to Geneva with his students for the years 1712 to 1713 . He studied theology there at the same time with the Geneva Reformed theology professors Jean-Alphonse Turrettini and Bénédict Picket (1655-1724)

In 1713 he went back to Berlin and continued his studies with the Protestant clergyman Jacques Lenfant (1661–1728), who is best known today for his history of the Council of Constance .

The church of Friedrichsstadt / Berlin 1740.

His first job was on July 21, 1715 in Buchholz, not far from Berlin, as the successor to the royal court pastor Isaac de Beausobre , who had accepted a position in Hamburg. In 1719 he took over the church and preaching office at the French church in Magdeburg .

He then succeeded the French Calvinist theologian Gabriel Dumont (1680–1748) in Leipzig , who had gone to Rotterdam .

After the preacher François de Repey , who had laid the celebratory speech at the laying of the foundation stone of the French church in Friedrichstadt in 1723 , died, Pelloutier was appointed by the king in 1725 as his successor as pastor of the French church in Berlin. He held this office until his death.

Memberships and honors

Works

His most important work is the Histoire des Celtes et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis Les Tems fabuleux jusqu'à la Prize de Rome par les Gaulois , first published in La Haye, 1740–1750, 2 volumes. Since the edition from 1740/1750 contains some errors, Pierre Chiniac de La Bastide published a second edition after revision from 1771, which was translated into German by Johann Georg Purmann .

According to his own statements, Pelloutier began preoccupation with prehistoric antiquity as a pastime, but this soon grew into a serious study (preface to the first volume of Celtic history).

Like Phillip Cluverus, Pelloutier was of the opinion that the Celts and Teutons belonged to the same people. He assumed that originally only Celts and Scythians ( Sarmatians ) were resident in Europe north of the Danube . Then there were the Greeks, but there was also a Celtic indigenous population in Greece, the Pelasgians . The Romans did not immigrate to Pelloutier from Troy , but were a mixture of Celts and Greeks. Pelloutier's argument is based on ancient sources such as Strabo and the linguistic relationship. His pan-European Celts anticipate William Jones ' Indo -Europeans in many .

reception

Pelloutier's scholarship was highly valued by contemporaries. Johann Christoph Adelung (1806, 16), on the other hand, judged devastatingly after first dealing with Jacques Martin, who had taken the same view: "His predecessor Simon Pelloutier surpasses him in his Histoire des Celtes ... with bold and even rash assertions , but is far behind him in erudition, order and apparent thoroughness. " As a result, his work got caught up in the dispute between " Celtomaniacs " and the Greater German " Germanomaniacs " around Ludwig Lindenschmit , which prevented a neutral assessment. In the conflict, the enmity against France struck through, which had been cultivated since the French Revolution and the conquests of Napoleon and hyped up to Franco-German hereditary enmity. In the more recent literature, however, the idea of ​​equality between peoples is predominant and supersedes the alleged hierarchy among peoples.

expenditure

  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes: et particulierment des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois , À La Haye: Chez Isaac Beauregard, 1740 and 1750, Vol. 1: [44] , 574 p .; v. 2: [12], 418 p.
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis Les Tems fabuleux jusqu'à la Prize de Rome par les Gaulois. Isaac Beauregard, La Haye 1740 ( digitized version ).
  • Simon Pelloutier, Dissertation on un passage des commentaires de Jules César de bello Gallico, Livre VI. Chap. 21 in: Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Belles-Lettres de Berlin, 1749, p. 491 ff, digital [14]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Dissertation sur l'origine des Romains , in: Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Belles-Lettres de Berlin, 1751, p. 103 ff, digital [15]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Discours sur l'expédition de Cyrus contre les Scythes in: Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Belles-Lettres de Berlin, 1754 p. 446 ff, digital [16]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 1, Paris 1770 (new edition), digital [17]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 2, Paris 1770 (new edition) [18]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 3, Paris 1770 (new edition), digital [19]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 4, Paris 1770 (new edition), digital [20]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 5, Paris 1771 (new edition), digital: [21]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 6, Paris 1771 (new edition) [22]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 7, Paris 1771 (new edition), digital: [23]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Histoire des Celtes, et particulièrement des Gaulois et des Germains, depuis les tems fabuleux, jusqu'à la prize de Rome par les Gaulois et des Germains , Volume 8, Paris 1771 (new edition), digital: [24]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Oldest history of the Celts, in particular of the Gauls and Germans , Volume 1, Frankfurt 1777, German edited by Johann Georg Purmann [25]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Oldest history of the Celts, in particular of the Gauls and Germans , Volume 2, Frankfurt 1778, German edited by Johann Georg Purmann [26]
  • Simon Pelloutier, Oldest history of the Celts, in particular the Gauls and Germans , Volume 3, Frankfurt 1784, German edited by Johann Georg Purmann [27]

literature

  • Ladvocat: Éloge de M. Pelloutier . In: Memoranda of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts in Berlin . No. 13 , p. 439-449 . An excerpt from the Éloge is printed at the beginning of the first volume of the Historie des Celtes from 1770, p. Ix, digital: [28]
  • Johann Christoph Strodtmann , History of Mr. Simon Pelloutier in: The new learned Europe: Part 16, Volumes 9–12, 1756, p. 882 ff, digital: [29]
  • Franz von Paula cabinet , Simon Pelloutier , news of the events and writings of famous scholars, Nuremberg 1797, volume 1, p. 256 ff digital [30]
  • StudyLight, Bible Encyclopedias, Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature, keyword: Pelloutier, Simon , digitally accessed on June 9, 2016 [31]

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The illustration is in the script of Jacob Brucker, Bilder = sal present day living, and through knowledge famous writers; in which the same portraits in black art designed according to true original painting are presented in natural resemblance, and their living conditions, services to the sciences, and writings are told from credible news , Volume 7, Augspurg 1744, Section 8, keyword Simon Pelloutier , digitally in the portrait collection of the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel, edited by Peter Mortzfeld, accessed on July 4, 2016 [1]
  2. ↑ August Jassoy, Our Huguenot Ancestors and Others. A contribution to the tribal history of the Jassoy family, Knauer, Frankfurt / M., 1908, pp. 116, 117. digital ULBD
  3. ↑ family history of Odile Thierion, keyword: Pelloutier, digital accessed on 9 June 2016 [2]
  4. ^ Family history of Pierre de Laubier, keyword Pierre Jassoy, digitally accessed on June 9, 2016 [3]
  5. ↑ Neil Jeffares, "Louis Vigee," Dictionary of pastel ists before 1800, London, 2006; online edition (keyword “Jassoy”) (accessed June 9, 2016) pastellists.com The statement that Jean Barthélémy Pelloutier was Simon Peloutier's nephew instead of his brother is probably incorrect.
  6. ↑ a b Fortunato Bartolomeo De Felice, Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connoissances humaines, Volume 32, Yverdon 1744, p. 698, keyword: Pelloutier, Simon, digital [4]
  7. ↑ Jacques Lenfant, Histoire du concile de Constance, tirée principalement d'auteurs qui ont assisté au concile, enrichie de portraits, Amsterdam 1744, 2 volumes, new edition: Amsterdam 1727, 2 volumes
  8. ↑ Moniteur des dates: contenant un million de renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques , Dresden, 1866
  9. ^ Jean Pierre Erman, Frédéric Reclam, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des Réfugiés françois dans les Etats du roi, Volume 8, Berlin 1794, p. 254 digital [5]
  10. ^ Website Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. Academy library. 10117 Berlin digitally accessed on June 9, 2017 [6]
  11. ↑ Joachim Rex, The Berlin Academy Library: The Development of the Library of the Academy of Sciences in Three Centuries, illustrated using the sources, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 3-447-04539-6 , p. 28, partly digital [7]
  12. ^ August Wilhelm Hupel, General German Library. 1765-96, Pelloutier, S .: Oldest history of the Celts, especially the Gauls and Germans. Vol. 1 .: Review, 36. Vol., 1. St., 1778, pages 209 - 211, digital: [8]
  13. ↑ New newspapers from learned things ... (edited by Johann Gottlieb Krause.) 7. Theil, Leipzig 1742, 36th and 37th pieces, digital: [9] and [10]
  14. ↑ Jacques Martin, Histoire des Gaules et des conquêtes des Gaulois: depuis leur origine jusqu'à la fondation de la monarchie françoise, ouvrage enrichi de monumens antiques et de cartes geographiques, Paris 1754, digital: [11]
  15. ^ Johann Christoph Adelung, Oldest History of the Germans, their Language and Literature up to the Migration of Nations, p. 17, Leipzig 1806, digital: [12]
  16. ↑ Ulrike Sommer: The pre-world riddle and the modern nation. In: Festschrift for Sabine Rieckhoff on her 65th birthday. Pp. 215–230, Bonn 2009, digital University College of London, Library Services, passim, digital [13] Sommer gives a very good overview from today's perspective of the dispute
personal data
SURNAME Pelloutier, Simon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian, theologian and antiquarian ("antiquarian")
DATE OF BIRTH October 27, 1694
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH October 2, 1757
Place of death Berlin