Salome Kruschelnytska

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Salome Kruschelnytska

Salome Krushelnytska ( Ukrainian Соломія Амвросіївна Крушельницька / Solomija Amwrosijiwna Kruschelnyzka ) (* 23. September 1872 in Biljawynzi in Buchach , †  16 November 1952 in Lvov ) was a Ukrainian classical singer (soprano) and Wagner interpreter .

Origin and education

Salome Kruschelnytska was born as the daughter of a Ukrainian Orthodox priest and, as a child, showed an extraordinary musical talent, which was intensively promoted by her parents. She graduated from secondary school in Ternopil as an external student , sang in the choir "Руська бесіда" and from 1891 studied singing at the Conservatory of the Galician Music Society in Lviv with Valery Wysockyi. She made her debut on April 15, 1893 at the Lviv Opera in Gaetano Donizetti's La favorite . In the same year she went to Milan to study with Professors Fausta Crespi and Conti.

Salome Kruschelnytska was not only praised for her extraordinarily beautiful voice, but also for her acting talent and for her beauty and especially for her qualities of character.

A selection of engagements and appearances

After appearances in Lemberg, Cracow and Odessa (including in the 1895/1896 season) Salome Kruschelnytska sang on many major European stages, e.g. B.

Wagner interpreter

In 1895 in Vienna, under the guidance of Joseph Gänsbacher, she acquired a repertoire from Richard Wagner's operas . First she sang the role of Elsa from Lohengrin , then later the roles of Elisabeth from Tannhäuser , Brünhilde and Isolde at the opera houses in Paris, Santiago, Parma , Naples , Milan, Buenos Aires and other cities. She was considered by experts as the most important Wagner singer of her time. Her last Wagner performance took place in Lohengrin in Naples in 1920 .

Solo singer

Salome Kruschelnytska moved to Italy and in 1910 married the lawyer Marquis Cesare Riccione, who was twice elected mayor of the city of Viareggio . In 1920, as a world-famous opera singer, she unexpectedly broke off her opera appearances for the professional world and devoted herself exclusively to solo performances with works from various musical epochs. She sang in eight languages, including works by Ukrainian composers and Ukrainian folk songs. In 1929 she gave her last public concert in Rome .

The last few years

Her husband died in 1938. Ms. Kruschelnytska, who was on vacation in the Carpathian village of Dubyna in August 1939 , was not allowed to leave the Soviet Union as an Italian citizen at the outbreak of World War II and had to stay in Lviv. Your representative house there, acquired in 1903 in Kraschewskohostr. 23 was nationalized; she had to vacate her spacious apartment on the first floor and moved with her sister into two rooms on the second floor of the house. During the German occupation of Ukraine, she stayed in Lviv, where she was appointed professor of singing at the city's conservatory in 1944. Her sound and breathing technique was especially famous.

After the Soviets came to power, she fell victim to the Stalinist purges in 1946 and was released. Only after assuming Soviet citizenship in 1948 was she allowed to work again at the chair for singing at the Lviv Conservatory , where she was appointed professor on September 27, 1952, and died on November 16 of the same year. Her house and property in Viareggio had been sold to employees of the Soviet embassy in Italy without her consent. She was buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery , a few meters from the grave of Ivan Frankos , who at the time had a great influence on the development of her personality.

A selection of honors and awards

The strict and feared conductor Arturo Toscanini was just as enthusiastic about her as the composer Richard Strauss , who praised her interpretation of Salome and invited her to sing the role of Elektra in his new opera (1909 at La Scala in Milan).

  • In 1977 a memorial plaque was attached to her former home in Lviv (as "honored artist of the USSR")
  • In 1989 a museum with numerous original objects and an archive was opened there for the singer; The founder was her niece Odarka Bandrivska
  • In 1993 the residential street in Solomiya Kruschelnytska Street was opened. renamed
  • In 2000 the Lviv National Opera was renamed after Salome Kruschelnytska on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. The international Solomja Krushel'nyts'ka Festival of Opera Art takes place there every year.

Selected literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Solomiya Kruschelnytska Memorial Museum in Lviv  : Illustrated Guide, edited by: Iryna Kryworutschka, 2nd edition, Lviv, April 2013, ISBN 978-617-629-181-7 , p. 5
  2. ↑ Solomiya Kruschelnytska Memorial Museum in Lviv: Illustrated Guide, edited by: Iryna Kryworutschka, 2nd edition, Lviv, April 2013, ISBN 978-617-629-181-7 , pp. 51-52
  3. ↑ Solomiya Kruschelnytska Memorial Museum in Lviv: Illustrated Guide, Editing: Iryna Kryworutschka, 2nd edition, Lviv, April 2013, ISBN 978-617-629-181-7 , p. 16
  4. ↑ https://lviv-tourist.info/de/teatr-opery-ta-baletu-imeni-solomiyi-krushelnytskoyi/

Web links

Commons : Solomiya Krushelnytska  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Kruschelnytska, Salome
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Крушельницька, Соломія Амвросіївна (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION ukrainian classical singer (soprano)
DATE OF BIRTH September 23, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Biljawynzi near Butschatsch
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 1952
Place of death Lviv