Sun eyes
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Garden sun-eye ( Heliopsis helianthoides ) |
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| Heliopsis | ||||||||||||
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The HELIOPSIS ( Heliopsis ) are a genus in the subfamily of Asteroideae within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The botanical genus name is derived from the Greek: hélios for sun and - opsis for similar. There are about 14 to 18 species in the genus Heliopsis .
description
Sun-eye species very seldom grow as biennial, only four Mexican species as annual , mostly as perennial herbaceous plants , which, depending on the species, usually reach heights of about 30 to 150 cm. The upright to overhanging stems are branched from the base or distributed on the stem. The opposite constantly distributed to the stems disposed leaves are usually pedunculated. The leaf blade is simple with three veins from the base of the leaf . The leaf margin is serrated or serrated. The leaf surfaces are smooth or hairy.
The head-shaped inflorescences are often individually terminal or with a few also axillary on the stems. The flower heads of the natural forms have a diameter of 8 to 14 millimeters, in cultivated plants they can be larger. In two or three rows there are twelve to twenty bracts ; they are more or less the same in shape and size. The inflorescence bases are convex to conical. There are chaff leaves. The flower baskets contain rarely none, mostly five to twenty ray-florets (in cultivations, especially with "filled" ones, there can be more) and 30 to over 150 tubular florets. The female, fertile ray- flowers (= ray-flowers) are yellow to orange in color; the tongue ends with three teeth. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers (= disc flowers) are usually yellow or brown to purple in color with five corolla lobes.
The triangular achenes that emerge from ray florets after fertilization and square achenes from tubular florets are brown to black-brown. The pappus is crown-shaped or tooth-shaped with one to three tooth-like scales or is absent.
use
In the temperate zones of the earth, varieties of the genus have found distribution mainly as perennial ornamental plants. The garden sun eye breeds ( Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet ) of the two varieties: Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. Helianthoides and Heliopsis helianthoides var. Scabra (Dunal) Fernald are particularly popular .
Some types are used in traditional medicine.
Systematics and distribution
The center of biodiversity is Mexico . To the north, the total distribution area of the genus Heliopsis extends into the southern USA and to the south over Central America to Bolivia and northern Peru .
The genus Heliopsis was first published in 1807 by Christian Hendrik Persoon in Synopsis plantarum , 2, 473.
The genus Heliopsis belongs to the subtribe Zinniinae from the tribe Heliantheae in the subfamily of the Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).
There are about 14 to 18 species in the genus Heliopsis . Here is a list of all types:
- Heliopsis annua Hemsl. : Home of Mexico.
- Heliopsis anomala (MEJones) BLTurner : Home Mexico.
- Heliopsis brachactis Standl. ex Fisher : This species, first described in 1957, is only known from the type locality in Mexico: Michoacán : Region Tancítaro , 4 miles west of Apatzingán in a semi-desert area.
- Heliopsis bupthalmoides (Jacq.) Dunal : The range extends from Mexico to Bolivia.
- Heliopsis decumbens Blake : This species is only known from the type locality: Cajamarca in Peru.
- Heliopsis filifolia S.Wats. : Endemic to Cuatro Ciénegas , Carneros and Puerto Colorado in the state of Coahuila .
- Heliopsis gracilis Nuttal : It occurs at altitudes between 0 and 100 meters in the southern United States.
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Garden sun-eye ( Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet ): With two varieties native to eastern North America, of which there are varieties that are used as ornamental plants:
- Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. Helianthoides
- Heliopsis helianthoides var. Scabra (Dunal) Fernald ( Syn. : Heliopsis scabra Dunal is often under that name in culture)
- Heliopsis longipes (Gray) Blake : Endemic to the Sierra Gorda in central Mexico. Used in traditional medicine and research on the ingredients is available. Common names in Mexico: chilcaugue or chilcuan.
- Heliopsis novogaliciana B.L.Turner : native Mexico.
- Heliopsis parviceps Blake : native Mexico.
- Heliopsis parvifolia A.Gray : It occurs at altitudes between 1200 and 2500 meters in the USA in the states of Arizona , New Mexico , Texas and in Mexico in the states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Durango , Sonora , Tamaulipas .
- Heliopsis procumbens Hemsl. : Home of Mexico.
- Heliopsis pulchra Fisher : native Mexico.
- Heliopsis rubra Fisher : native Mexico.
- Heliopsis sinaloensis B.L. Turner : Endemic to Imala in the state of Sinaloa in Mexico.
swell
- Alan R. Smith: Heliopsis in the Flora of North America , Volume 21, p. 67: - Online.
- Enrique Ramírez Chávez, Jorge Molina Torres & Abraham García Chávez: El género Heliopsis (Heliantheae; Asteraceae) en México y las alcamidas presentes en sus raíces. in Acta Botanica Mexicana , 69, 2004, pp. 115-131: online.
- T. Richard Fisher: Taxonomy of the Genus Heliopsis (Compositae) , in The Ohio Journal of Science , Volume 57, No. 3, 1957, pp. 171-191: Online PDF; 1.74 MB
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in GRIN Taxonomy for Plants.
- ^ Alan R. Smith: Heliopsis in the Flora of North America , Volume 21, p. 67: - Online.
- ↑ Enrique Ramírez Chávez, Jorge Molina Torres & Abraham García Chávez: El género Heliopsis (Heliantheae; Asteraceae) en México y las alcamidas presentes en sus raíces. in Acta Botanica Mexicana , 69, 2004, pp. 115-131: online.
- ↑ T. Richard Fisher: Taxonomy of the Genus Heliopsis (Compositae) , in The Ohio Journal of Science , Volume 57, No. 3, 1957, pp. 171-191: Online. (PDF; 1.8 MB)
