St. Dionysius Church (Adensen)
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Dionysius is a church in Adensen , which bears the name of St. Dionysius Church and is named after Dionysius , the first bishop of Paris.
Church history
The noble family of the Lords of Adenoys founded the St. Dionysius Church in Adensen at the end of the 10th century, to which the villages of Adensen , Bodensen and Pussensen ( Pustessen ) belonged. After the desolation of Bodensen and Pussensen ( Pustessen ) and the emergence of the village of Hallerburg , the parish includes the villages of Adensen and Hallerburg from the 14th century.
The patronage of the parish remained until 1322 when the Lords of Adenoys , then went to the Earl of Hallermund over and was out of this on 14 April 1385 on the former Augustinian monastery and later convent in convent Wülfinghausen transmitted. The patronage relationship lasted until the end of the 19th century.
In 1361 a clergyman from Adensen with the name Johann was first mentioned in a document. Another 8 Catholic clergy from the pre-Reformation period are known by name. After the Reformation had prevailed in Adensen and Hallerburg in 1543 and the Adensen parish had become Evangelical Lutheran, Henricus Sanderus (Sander) became the first Evangelical Lutheran clergyman in Adensen in 1544 .
In Adensen there was a lay brotherhood called Our Dear Women until the Reformation . They had their own basic assets and performed tasks for the parish.
Until 1924 the parishes of Adensen and Wülfingen were merged in 1924 as independent parishes under a common pastoral office . The seat of the parish office has been Wülfingen since 1924. The pastor's residence was initially in Wülfingen and since 1947 in Adensen.
With effect from July 1, 2010, the parish connection between the parishes of Adensen and Wülfingen was canceled by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover . The Adensen parish no longer has its own rectory. It belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Hildesheimer Land-Alfeld, together with the parishes of Burgstemmen, Mahlerten and Heyersum, to the parish of Burgstemmen-Mahlerten-Heyersum-Adensen.
This rectory and the Nordstemmen rectory form the Nordstemmen region in the Elze district of the Hildesheimer Land-Alfeld parish, which is part of the Hildesheim-Göttingen district. The Adensen parish continues to be headed by its own parish council, which is also responsible for the Adensen cemetery administration .
- Plague time
In 1626 the plague raged in Adensen and Hallerburg. The pastor Henricus Dreveler was originally an Adensian shepherd boy. He was trained as a pastor through donations and at the expense of the Adensen parish. He was pastor in Marienthal from 1614 to 1619 and, after the death of his father-in-law and predecessor in office Walter Lange, worked as pastor in Adensen from 1619 to 1626. He cared for those suffering from the plague and died of the plague himself in 1626, as the parishes report. Out of gratitude, the parish used the phrase Ein Dinck kimpt Selzen (= a thing comes strange = it comes differently than expected) as an inscription in the vault of the church.
Building history
- Church tower and Ottonian church
The Romanesque church tower dates from the 13th century and was extended upwards in the 14th century. In 1950, the local history researcher Achim Gercke , in his commemorative publication Die Sankt-Dionysius-Kirche Adensen (page 12), assumed that the tower was originally a defensive tower. In the northern tower wall there is still the former narrow tower staircase, which leads from the vaulted room on the ground floor of the tower to the bell tower and was later replaced by a wide tower staircase, which is located in the attached western entrance hall of the church. Of the noble family of the Lords of Adenoys built at the end of the 10th century church might have been at the site of this steeple, possibly in the vault room of the church tower. So far, however, there is no archaeological evidence for this.
The following bells hung on the church tower until the First and Second World Wars: In 1917, the two large bronze bells, which were cast in the 17th century and probably dated back to the 13th century, were delivered to be melted down for war purposes. The small bell made of bronze (cross section 0.43 m, height approx. 0.51 m) came from the 13th century. During the Second World War it was delivered together with the bronze bell to be melted down for war purposes. It was cast in 1875 by JH Bartels and bore the inscription O land, land, land hear the word of the Lord. (Jeremiah 22 verse 29.)
- Romanesque church
In the extension of the church tower and in its width stood the single - nave Romanesque church facing east , which was surrounded by the cemetery. The vaulted room on the ground floor of the tower served as the rear part of the Romanesque church. Components from the Romanesque church ( bases and capitals of dwarf columns ) were reused as rib consoles in the choir of the later Gothic church. The dating of these archaeological finds enables conclusions to be drawn about the construction time of the Romanesque church in the first half of the 13th century.
- Gothic church
The Gothic sacristy was added to the then Romanesque church in the 14th century; it contains a piscina and a low front door that forces those entering to bow to God.
The northern side wall of the Romanesque church was demolished in 1484; Instead, the church received a north aisle in a first construction phase in 1484 (inscription on the outer northeast corner buttress). The church was provided with Gothic pointed arched windows and vaulted in 1494 (inscription on the western semicircular belt). This still unfinished Gothic church received its own roof structure . The altar was located on the north wall, as shown by a wall opening uncovered in 1987, in which the sacrament implements were kept at that time. At that time, mediaeval frescoes were created in the western central nave vault above the organ's current location. In their entirety they contain a representation of the Last Judgment and the throat of hell . The frescoes were discovered in 1987, exposed and strengthened.
In the second construction phase, the end of the choir of the Romanesque church was demolished; then the Gothic choir in the east of the church was with its polygonal shaped apse built and vaulted. The existing roof was extended to the east, provided with its own roof structure and connected to the roof structure of the sacristy. If you look at the roof ridge from the outside , you can see a depression at the point where the two roof trusses face each other. The completion of the construction work falls in the year 1503 (inscriptions on the outer eastern corner buttress).
Furnishing
- Baroque
The font (1607) bears the master's initials MB. It comes from the same workshop as the fonts from Möllensen (1607), Sibbesse (1607) and Eberholzen (1611). The baptismal font has a large inner shell, which made it possible for the toddler to submerge during baptism, which is no longer common. From around 1700 it had a cover that was adapted to the baptismal font surface and covered with red fabric, tapered to a point at the top and was crowned by a turned knob. This lid still existed in 1935. In 1967 the young girls' group donated a baptismal jug and a flat baptismal bowl with a lid.
In 1621 a baroque altar was erected, of which two paintings of the former altarpiece have been preserved ( Crucifixion , Last Supper with nuns from Wülfinghausen Monastery ). On the south wall of the choir is an epitaph of Pastor Arnold Elvers (Elverus), who was buried in the church choir in 1668 .
In 1626 the plague raged in Adensen and Hallerburg. Pastor Henricus Dreveler , originally a shepherd boy and trained as a pastor at the expense of the parish , cared for those suffering from the plague and died of the plague himself in 1626. Out of gratitude, the parish used the phrase Ein Dinck kimpt Selzen as an inscription in the vault of the church.
- Neo-Gothic
The current interior of the church with pews , galleries , pulpit altar and organ prospect was carried out in 1852 in neo-Gothic style under the direction of the Hanoverian state architect Anton Eduard Bruno Wellenkamp (born February 27, 1812 in Kassel, + October 25, 1875 in Göttingen). The carved pulpit figures come from the Hanoverian sculptor Georg Ludwig Hurtzig (born March 27, 1812 in Hanover, † October 14, 1865 in Hanover). The organ was built in 1852 by the organ builder Philipp Furtwängler in Elze . The galleries in the choir of the church were removed during the church renovation in 1958 to make room for the Adenser crucifix, which has since been attached to the south choir wall.
inventory
- Bells
In 1917, the two large bronze bells, which were cast in the 17th century and probably from the 13th century, were delivered to be melted down for war purposes. The small bell made of bronze (cross section 0.43 m, height approx. 0.51 m) came from the 13th century. It was delivered together with the other bronze bell to be melted down for war purposes during the Second World War. It was cast in 1875 by JH Bartels and bore the inscription O land, land, land hear the word of the Lord. (Jeremiah 22 verse 29.)
In 1920, two new bells were cast by the Ulrich bell foundry in Apolda to replace the two bronze bells given in 1917 . The inscription reminds of this: Ulrich & Weule . Apolda & Bockenem 1920. Since no bronze was available at the time, steel was used. That was the second choice, because steel bells don't sound as noble as bronze bells. After a few decades of use in another church, it was found that its steel bell broke apart when it was rung because there were air pockets in the body of the steel bell. Part of the bell flew out of the bell tower and killed a pedestrian. That was the reason that the two steel bells in Adensen were removed in 1977 as a precaution and brought to the yard for disposal by the Schmidt container service in Adensen. Both steel bells rang on November 18, 1944, when a bomber dropped its last bomb on Adensen before the end of World War II , destroying houses and killing eight residents. A mother who died in the process saved her child because she had thrown herself protectively on her child.
In the summer of 2003, when both steel bells were about to be disposed of, the church council took back one bell and placed it next to the church choir to commemorate the victims of the bombing. The bell received the inscription: In memory of the victims of the bombing on November 18, 1944 .
As a replacement for the two steel bells, two bronze bells were cast in the Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling bell foundry in Heidelberg on April 15, 1977 . On May 14, 1977 they were brought in a bell procession from the courtyard of the church mayor Fritz Lampe in Hallerburg to the St. Dionysius Church and in the following days they were lifted into the bell chamber on the church tower. The large F-bell has a diameter of 112 cm and a weight of 900 kg. It bears the relief with the image of the Adenser crucifix and the inscription: I know that my Savior lives. The smaller As-bell has a diameter of 95 cm and a weight of 510 kg. The inscription graciously grant us peace Lord God in our times recalls the unspeakable suffering that the two world wars brought upon many millions of people. A cloister between the two belfry remained vacant. There is an iron bell on the outside of the tower. There is a ring machine and an electric ringing system for the bells.
- crucifix
The Adensian crucifix had already hung in the previous Romanesque church. During the time of the church renovation, the crucified one was removed from the Romanesque oak cross and gothic reworked in a workshop. The long Roman loincloth was carved down to a narrow loincloth with Gothic folds, and the beard and hair on the head were removed. At that time, this Gothic version was regarded as a blank , covered with lime and canvas, painted and given a wig . The reused wooden cross was painted with blood splatters emanating from the wounds of Christ on the crucified. Between 1494 and 1503 the crucifix was hung in the Gothic church. A relic hidden in the back of the crucified was probably removed during the Reformation. The crucifix was removed from the church during the neo-Gothic interior design around 1852 and temporarily stored on the church floor. Later it was given a place in the room under the tower. After the Second World War , the crucifix was restored by the restorer J. Bohland in Hildesheim and attached to the sacristy wall in the church choir on the occasion of the church renovation in 1958. From 1958 to 1970 the crucifix wore a crown of thorns plaited from thorns; a nail was hammered into the head to hold the crown of thorns. In 1970 the crown of thorns was removed for conservation reasons .
- Baptismal font from 1607
The baptismal font with a round base and hexagonal baptismal font was made by the master stonemason with the signature "MB". Nothing is known today about this master stonemason; Back then, his workshop mark was a guarantee of exceptional quality. His workshop was probably in the Leinebergland because there are more baptismal fonts with the signature "MB" in the churches of Möllensen (1607), Sibbesse (1607) and Eberholzen (1611).
The inscription on the baptismal font names the two donors of this baptismal font Pauwel Vos Hogreue zu Adens (= Paul Voss, Gohgräfe zu Adensen) Margarete Brandes SEHF 1607 (Margarete Brandes his married housewife 1607). The underside of the baptismal font is provided with cherubin heads in bas-relief . These angels carry the baptismal font, so to speak, which is so large that children could be immersed in the water of the baptismal bowl hidden there during the baptism - as was customary in the past. The coat of arms of the founder and five panels with baptismal sayings from the Bible are carved on the six sides of the baptismal font. The baptismal motto Let the little children come to me and do not defend them from the Gospel of Mark, chapter 10, verse 13 in the choice of words of the Luther Bible used at that time is on one of the tablets that justify the baptism of children .
Under the year 1607 and under the coat of arms, the round base of the baptismal font has faces carved into it, possibly depicting the faces of the founders Margarete Brandes and Paul Voss. To the right of it, a grim lion looks at the portal of the church at the tower, which is supposed to monitor the entrance to the church and keep all evil away from the baptized and the churchgoers.
literature
- H. Wilh. H. Mithoff: Art monuments and antiquities in Hanover. Volume 1: Principality of Calenberg. Hannover 1871 (reprint Hannover, Hirschheydt 1974).
- Heiner Jürgens, Arnold Nöldeke , Joachim von Welck: The art monuments of the Springe district. Self-published by the Provinzialverwaltung, Hannover, 1941. Series: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Hannover I, 3, Vol. 29. S. 1-6, Abb. 1a + b, 2a, 3a, 4a + b, 8a, 12a1-4.
- Achim Gercke : The St. Dionysius Church in Adensen (Springe district). Festschrift of the Heimatbund Lower Saxony local group Adensen for the 700th anniversary on the 1st Advent 1950. Self-published, Adensen 1950.
- Georg Dehio , Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Bremen, Lower Saxony, edited by Gerd Weiß with the collaboration of others, Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1992, ISBN 3-422-03022-0 .
- Klaus Michael Gäbler: Parish of Adensen. In: 450 years of the Reformation in the Calenberger Land. Festschrift for the anniversary in 1992. Published by the Lutheran church district Laatzen-Pattensen. Self-published, Laatzen 1992. Pages 119–121.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Orig. Wülfinghausen No. 193. CU VIII No. 125.
- ↑ Literature: Achim Gercke: The St. Dionysius Church in Adensen, self-published Adensen 1950. Page 38 (dominus henricus is to be deleted there).
- ↑ Source: Ecclesiastical Official Gazette for the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Hanover No. 4/2010 of August 2, 2010, No. 45 in pages 80 to 81.
- ↑ Achim Gercke : The St. Dionysius Church in Adensen (Springe district). Festschrift of the Heimatbund Lower Saxony local group Adensen for the 700th anniversary on the 1st Advent 1950. Self-published, Adensen 1950. Pages 30–31.
- ↑ Proof: Photo IFDN 1444 from the photo archive Photo Marburg from 1935.
- ↑ In the church there is only the entry Wellenkamp on the altar . Apparently it's Eduard Wellenkamp. See [1] and [2] .
- ↑ Dirk Böttcher: Hannoversches biographical lexicon: from the beginnings to the present , Hannover 2002, p. 181.
- ↑ Literature: Eberhard Jäger: The organs of the former Springe district. A contribution to the story of the change in the sound ideal. With an appendix: The bell of the former Springe district. (North German organs, volume 9). Verlag Pape, Berlin 1975. - Eberhard Jäger: In the footsteps of Christhard Mahrenholz. In: Aspects of the Organ Movement on behalf of the Society of Organ Friends ed. by Alfred Reichling. Publication of the Society of Organ Friends Volume 155. Merseburger Verlag, Kassel 1995, pp. 299-320.
- ↑ Achim Gercke : The St. Dionysius Church in Adensen (Springe district). Festschrift of the Heimatbund Lower Saxony local group Adensen for the 700th anniversary on the 1st Advent 1950. Self-published, Adensen 1950. Pages 30–31.
- ^ Herbert Pfeiffer: Sankt Dionysiuskirche Adensen. Self-published by Adensen 2008.
- ↑ Literature: Gisela Aye, Axel Chr. Kronenberg: baptismal font and baptismal angel in Lower Saxony. From the end of the Thirty Years War to the middle of the 19th century. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2006, ISBN 3-7954-1907-7 (Adiaphora 5). - Leif Mennrich: The baptismal font in Adensen was 400 years old. In: Springer Yearbook 2007 for the city and the old district of Springe. Ed .: Friends of the town history of Springe eV - Springe. 2007, pp. 64-66.
Coordinates: 52 ° 10 ′ 39 ″ N , 9 ° 43 ′ 46 ″ E