St. John's Cemetery (Hanover-Südstadt)

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The tower of the Hanover City Library and the staging of the municipal theaters on the former cemetery grounds between Hildesheimer Strasse and Maschstrasse

The St. Johannis cemetery (also: Catholic cemetery ) in Hanover was a burial place laid out in the 17th century by the first Catholic parish in Calenberger Neustadt (today: parish of the St. Clemens Basilica ). The area “in front of the Aegidientore” stretched from Höltystraße over Hildesheimer Straße at the height of today's city ​​library to Maschstraße in the (today's) district of Südstadt .

history

The military cemetery and the Catholic cemetery in front of the Gasthaus König von Hannover 1825 left of Hildesheimer Strasse in the course of today's Höltystrasse;
India ink drawing from 1825, unknown artist; Original in the possession of the Historisches Museum Hannover

The creation of the St. John's Cemetery is related to the residence of the city of Hanover by Duke Georg von Calenberg in 1636, in the middle of the Thirty Years War . Shortly after the Peace of Westphalia in 1848 , his son and successor Johann Friedrich converted to the Catholic faith in 1651 .

According to the Chronicle of Johann Heinrich Redecker Johann Friedrich had the Fathers of the Capuchin Order a flophouse house erected, at the same time "summer residence of the Capuchin monks" outside the city walls of Hanover , "before Aegidientore". In 1669, the construction of the St. John's cemetery began on part of the “Patergarten” there . It is said to have been consecrated four years later in 1673 and named after its ducal donor .

Fragment of the Catholic cemetery of St. John's Cemetery on Old St. Nicholas Cemetery offset monumental tomb of Jean Joseph La Croix (1737-1828), probably before for Pierre La Croix used (around 1660-1729)

While the citizens of Hanover after the Reformation had only tolerated residents of Protestant faith from 1588, Niels Stensen was appointed Vicar Apostolic in 1677 . So instead of Hanover , the first Catholic parish, after a 30-year war for power and right belief, was tentatively formed in the new, Calenberger Neustadt - the parish of St. Clemens was born.

However, after the churchyards were detached from the churches in the 16th century and mostly rebuilt as cemeteries in the immediate vicinity of the cities, the invalids and soldiers cemetery , which was named in front of the Aegidientore in 1645, was laid on Hildesheimer Strasse in the middle of the war After the demolition of the Marienkapelle there and next to the summer house of the Capuchin monks, the Catholic cemetery was set up in 1669 and consecrated in 1783. In 1692 the cemetery was extended to Maschstrasse.

Due to the industrialization and the growth of the city, the Catholic St. John's Cemetery was abandoned and leveled in 1926. In its place, the original building of the Hanover City Library was laid out by the architect Hans Bettex from 1929 to 1931 , and under the direction of the City Building Councilor Karl Elkart a whole complex of urban buildings was created with the warehouse and the workshops of the municipal theaters , which is closed to Maschstrasse with a residential building has been.

Significant tombstones

Gravestone of Baron Franz Edmund Josef von Schmitz-Grollenburg on the back wall of Maschstrasse 19

According to Arnold Nöldeke, however, the following tombs were still preserved in 1926:

  • Stand by Simon Tronen (1668–1717), similar to illustration no. 158 by Carl Schuchhardt : The Hanoverian Sculptors of the Renaissance (1909);
  • Statue of Edmund Wilh. Mihen from 1817, similar to the previous one, reused, made by a master in the first third of the 18th century;
  • Statue of Jean Joseph La Croix , reused, previously probably made for his grandfather Pierre La Croix († 1729), later moved to the old St. Nikolai cemetery .

Well-known images of the cemetery (selection)

literature

  • Arnold Nöldeke : St. Johannis Cemetery . In: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Hannover Vol. 1, H. 2, Teil 1, Self-published by the Provinzialverwaltung Hannover, Theodor Schulzes Buchhandlung, Hannover 1932 (Neudruck Verlag Wenner, Osnabrück 1979, ISBN 3-87898-151-1 ), p. 257

Web links

Commons : St.-Johannis-Friedhof (Hannover)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Klaus Mlynek: Clemens, St. C. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (ed.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 113f.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Arnold Nöldeke: St.-Johannis-Friedhof (see literature)
  3. ↑ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Hildesheimer Straße 12. In: Hannover Art and Culture Lexicon , p. 147
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Neß: The development of the main arterial roads. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, part 1, vol. 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , p. 117; as well as: Südstadt , in Addendum to vol. 10.2: List of architectural monuments according to § 4 (NDSchG) (excluding architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation) / Status: July 1, 1985 / City of Hanover , p. 7ff.
  5. ^ A b Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer : Use of the next surrounding area. In: Klaus Mlynek , Waldemar R. Röhrbein (Hrsg.): History of the City of Hanover , Vol. 1, From the beginnings to the beginning of the 19th century . Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-87706-351-9 ; P. 210; online through google books
  6. ^ According to Nöldeke in: Johann Heinrich Redecker : Historical Collectanea from the Royal and Electoral Residence City of Hanover ... started on July 8, 1723 ; 2 volumes with a register volume, p. 683
  7. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Reformation. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 517f.
  8. ↑ Peter Schulze : Friedhöfe. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , pp. 193–196, here: p. 194
  9. ↑ a b Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Hildesheimer Straße 12. In: Hannover Art and Culture Lexicon , p. 147
  10. ^ According to Arnold Nöldeke, compare Eduard Schuster : Art and artists in the principalities of Calenberg and Lüneburg in the period from 1636 to 1727 . 1905; previously published in: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , year 1904
  11. ^ Helmut Zimmermann : Family history around Herrenhausen's fountains . In: Hanover portraits. Life pictures from seven centuries, illustrated by Rainer Ossi Osswald , Hanover: Harenberg, p. 505
  12. ^ Bernhard Dörries, Helmut Plath : Hildesheimer Strasse. In: Alt-Hannover 1600 - 1900 / The history of a city in contemporary images from 1600 - 1900 , ed. on behalf of the city of Hanover and annual gift 1951 from the Kunstverein Hanover, Munich: F. Bruckmann, p. 85, 132
  13. ↑ Bernhard Dörries, Helmut Plath (Ed.): Zeuner, Johann Joachim . In: Alt-Hannover 1500 - 1900 / The history of a city in contemporary images from 1500 - 1900 . Fourth, improved edition 1977, Heinrich Feesche Verlag Hannover, ISBN 3-87223-024-7 , p. 141

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 1.6 ″  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 41 ″  E