St. Agatha (Grunern)

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Grunern, St. Agatha Church 1.jpg

St. Agatha is the Roman Catholic parish church of Grunern , which was incorporated into Staufen im Breisgau in 1973 . The parish of Grunern has formed the Staufen-Staufen pastoral care unit since 2005 with St. Martin in Staufen, St. Vitus in Wettelbrunn and St. Trudpert in Münstertal . Trudpert . The building history of their church was researched by the art historian Hermann Brommer (see literature).

Building history

Gothic sculpture of St. Agatha in the staircase

The village of Grunern was first mentioned in a papal bull in 1144 as “Gruonre cum ecclesia”, but it must be older because the church can hardly have been the first building. The place name Gruonre, Groira, Grunr is not interpreted according to form and content. Independent of the changing secular rulers, the patronage of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Trudpert in Münstertal had existed since around 1360 , whose monks also exercised pastoral care until the 18th century, which made the citizens of Grunern feel well looked after. It was not until 1786 that the Austrian Emperor Joseph II asserted himself in the village belonging to Upper Austria , had a pastor installed and his own parsonage built.

Gothic sacrament house

The foundation walls of a church building from the 16th century were found under the floor of the current building in 1991/92. Evidence of this church can still be seen: In the basement of the church tower the year 1539 can be read and the late Gothic tabernacle in the choir and the Gothic figure of Agatha in the staircase to the tower refer to this time.

In 1725, the abbot of St. Trudpert Augustin Sengler (1694–1731 in office), as parishioner, decided to renovate the building that had suffered from the Thirty Years' War . The abbey was responsible for building the choir, which signed a contract with master mason Christian Wilhelm from Wettelbrunn , who submitted the floor plan and proportions for the new building. At the same time he received the order for the new building of the nave, for the costs of which the church fund was responsible, the church factory . In 1727 the new church was consecrated by the auxiliary bishop of the diocese of Constance , Franz Johann Anton von Sirgenstein .

In 1805, with the secularization, the obligation to build the choir was transferred from the St. Trudpert Abbey to the newly founded Grand Duchy of Baden . It approved the addition of a sacristy, which was carried out in 1845. The church factory remained responsible for the nave and tower. Their request to raise the tower was initially rejected by the authorities, although the citizens of Grunern had agreed to "raise the costs because the advantages of raising the church tower make the bells more audible and a church clock can be attached," are too obvious to her ”.

In 1827 the nave was first extended by 21 feet , for which the cracks and cost estimates were submitted by Gottlieb Lumpp and Georg Seywald. Gottlieb Lumpp, a Weinbrenner student, was a district architect in the Freiburg area from 1819 to 1832, where, in addition to the portal facade in Grunern, he also built the tower top of the Church of St. Nikolaus in Lenzkirch , the rebuilt tower of the Jakobskirche in Malterdingen , which (after his Plans) Church of St. Romanus in Altvogtsburg and the Church of Our Lady of the Günterstal Monastery can be seen. 1832-1838 Lumpp was a Baden district master builder in Bruchsal. Georg Seywald was a foreman from Staufen im Breisgau and probably more like a construction architect. In addition to his work in Grunern, his involvement in the reconstruction of the moated castle in Kirchhofen , the St. Sebastian cemetery chapel, the Capuchin monastery in Staufen and the new construction of the parish church of St. Bartholomew in Heitersheim is well known.

In 1860 the tower was raised by 15 feet.

In 1978/85 an exterior renovation took place; The interior renovation followed in 1991/92.

Church patroness

Agatha of Catania is one of the most important saints of early Christian times. According to legend, she had vowed a life of virginity . Because she therefore rejected the proposal of marriage from the pagan governor of Sicily, Quintianus, he tortured her, cut off her breasts and had her roasted to death on hot coals. Their cult spread from Rome around 50000. She is the patron saint of the poor, shepherds, bell-makers and goldsmiths and is called upon to deal with breast diseases and fire hazards. Saint Agatha is depicted with her breasts cut off on a plate , as on an Agatha label that the engraver Peter Mayer engraved for Grunern in 1773. In addition, the palm branch of the martyrs, the lily of purity and her burial motto are shown: "Mentem sanctam, spontaneam, honorem Deo et patriae liberationem" (You holy mind, who gave glory to God and saved the fatherland).

building

The view from the entrance to the church choir
the pulpit
Dance of death painting in the ossuary
Simon Göser: The Last Supper
The view from the church choir to the entrance
The organ from 2002

The nave is divided on each side by five flat-arched, red-framed windows. The choir with a five-eighth end has moved in, which is difficult to read from the outside because of the tower placed on the north side and the sacristy built on the south side; it is illuminated by a window built in 1913 on the south side and by two transverse oval oculi in the sloping walls.

The church with its portal area stands conspicuously on the street; a corner touches the roadside. This is the consequence of the extension of the originally very short nave with three window axes by two additional window axes. In 1827, during the renovation, enough space was created for all worshipers, whereby the builders Lumpp and Seywald had accepted that only a very narrow, triangular forecourt remained in front of the church. The portal is accentuated by a slightly drawn-in niche that ends with a rounded arch at the top. It is divided into three floors by ledges. In the lower one is the portal door, the cornice of the middle one - apparently supported by four consoles - shows three pilasters, which in turn seem to support the gable belt, the third, rounded off, contains a slit-like window. "Even at first glance, the massive proportions and design language show that builders in the manner of the Grand Ducal Baden building director Friedrich Weinbrenner have created a church extension for Grunern with classicist stylistic elements from Karlsruhe."

The three lower floors of the tower are from the construction of 1539; Recognizable by the slit-like windows and the cube-like floors marked by belts. The elevation deviates from this and begins with a narrow storey, above which the very high bell chamber adjoins with elongated, double-arched sound openings, under which there is little space for the squeezed clock.

The whole Church is with a slightly drawn- pitched roof covered. The pointed pyramid roof of the tower is even more constricted.

Around the church, a large part of the old cemetery wall from the 17th century has been preserved, on which 14 stations of the cross stand, which can be traced back to 1774. They were restored in 1985 by the South Tyrolean painter Roland Moroder (* 1948), who at the same time painted folk scenes with Grunern country people on two walls in the old ossuary from 1739, all of whom are connected by a common bond - with death in the end like one Dance of death painting grips a farmer in a friendly manner around the shoulders.

inner space

The rectangular nave is spanned by a wooden ceiling that has been uniformly painted since the last interior renovation. Each side has five window openings that are closed off by segmental arches . Also during the renovation in 1991/92 they were closed with window panes in a honeycomb pattern, whereby older glass pictures were inserted in two windows, on the north side Maria and Joseph with a memory of the soldier Joseph Gramelspacher who died in the Franco-German War in 1870/71 , on the south side, left and right of the pulpit, Saints Agatha and Aloysius . A mission cross from 1859 hangs on the north wall, opposite on a console is a sculpture of St. Agatha, probably a processional figure carved by the baroque artist Joseph Dorner (1731–1773) from Ehrenstetten . Stations of the Cross , put together in pairs, are attached to both walls of the nave. The passage to the recessed choir is formed by a large arch.

The pulpit with a heavy hood dates from the 17th century and was probably not intended for this church; According to tradition in the village, it should come from the Capuchin monastery in Staufen, which was closed in 1834. Hermann Brommer noticed that in 1859 four apostle figures were installed in the four rectangular side panels of the pulpit, which are missing today.

The church choir has a large window in the south wall and two oculi in the three-sided end. On the north side is the old tower staircase, in which the Gothic sculpture of St. Agatha is exhibited. Next to it is a large painting of the Last Supper , donated in 1815 , the last work by Simon Göser .

The choir altar is a neo-Gothic work by the sculptor Josef Eberle from Überlingen from 1892. It is crowned by five fine pinnacles . The main characters are the Saints Elisabeth of Thuringia , Agnes , Bernhard von Clairvaux and King Ludwig of France , in the predella to the left and right of the tabernacle are Casimir , Theresia , Clare and Isidore the peasant . In front of the altar table Abraham , Melchizedek and Moses can be seen, in the burst above the altar the Archangel Michael with two accompanying angels. "All in all, this results in a compilation of saints that are geared towards the Eucharist, charity, devotion to God and an exemplary function for the believing observer."

The two side altars "in their cheerful colors and delicate design [... are ...] treasures from the first decade of the 20th century", created in 1908/10, designed by Raimund Jeblinger and carved by Sebastian Wiehl (1853–1910). An already existing, very large figure of Agatha has been taken over into the Agathen altar on the right-hand side, the painting of the Sorrowful Rosary comes from an unidentified painter Wolf Müller. The scenes of the life of Mary in the left side altar were painted by Joseph Schultis from Freiburg.

organ

The news about a first organ is a bit confusing. Organ expert Bernd Sulzmann lists one for Grunern in the works of Xaver Bernauer from Staufen in 1813. On the other hand, it was supposed to be the organ that was "bought from the Baroness von Gleichenstein for 68 fl" in 1816 and placed in the church choir. As early as 1828 Johann Rotzinger, the founder of the Poor Fund von Grunern, is said to have donated a new organ, which was repaired and expanded in 1867 by Fridolin Merklin . An organ built by FW Schwarz in Überlingen in 1922 and donated by Johannes Rotzinger had to be temporarily replaced by an electronic keyboard in 1971 after a number of unsuccessful restoration efforts.

After ten years of planning, the Waldkirch organ construction company Wolfram Stützle was awarded the contract to build a new organ, which was inaugurated in 2007. It is built into the parapet of the gallery in order to achieve the required height for free sound development. The organist therefore does not sit in front of the instrument, but behind it. It has 1048 pipes in 18 registers , two manuals and a pedal . The ornamentation in the form of a grape motif comes from the sculptor Wolfgang Kleiser (* 1936) from Vöhrenbach. In addition to accompanying the parish singing, the organ, which is tempered according to the Vallotti mood , is particularly suitable for so-called "early music" of the 17th and 18th centuries, which sounds particularly beautiful on it, as the organist Monika Gnann says.

I main work C – a 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Drone 8th'
3. Salicional 8th'
4th Octave 4 ′
5. Pointed flute 4 ′
6th Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Octave 2 ′
8th. third 1 1 ⁄ 5  ′
9. mixture 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Channel tremulant
Zimbelstern
II Oberwerk C – f 1
9. Coppel 8th'
10. flute 4 ′
11. Flageolet 2 ′
12. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Hautbois 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
16. Sub bass 16 ′
17th Octave bass 8th'
18th Covered bass 8th'
20th Trumpet bass 8th'

Bells

When the bell tower was raised, the church received three new bells from the Rosenlächer bell foundry in Constance in 1860 , for which purpose the old bells were melted down.

Surname Chime Casting year foundry Weight inscription
Communion bell G 1860 Bell foundry Rosenlächer 1198 pounds Come to me, all of you who are troublesome and burdensome, I will refresh you
Our Lady Bell b 1860 Bell foundry Rosenlächer 610 pounds We flee under your protection and protection, holy Theotokos, always pure and immaculate Virgin Mary
Agatha bell d 1860 Bell foundry Rosenlächer 359 pounds Holy Virgin and Martyr Agatha, our patron saint, pray for us and protect us from hail and fire

After their loss in World War I, the two smaller bells were replaced again in 1923 by an Agatha bell and a guardian angel bell from the Bachert brothers' bell foundry . After the loss in World War II, the two large ones had to be re-cast in 1949. The church today still has a three-part bronze bell:

Surname Chime Casting year foundry
Communion bell G' 1949 Grüninger bell foundry
Marienbell b ′ 1949 Grüninger bell foundry
Guardian angel bell d ′ ′ 1922 Bachert brothers

Appreciation

"The willingness to make sacrifices of the Grunern parishioners (led) to an interesting self-imprint of the church, (which) can also be read in the genesis of the neo-Gothic altars, which have enriched and happily shaped the church interior since the restoration in 1991/92".

Web links

Commons : St. Agatha  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Hermann Brommer : Grunern - Catholic parish church St. Agatha . Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 1994.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archivist Jörg Martin, quoted in the Badische Zeitung, February 9, 2011, online
  2. ↑ Parish Church of St. Nikolaus on the website of the Eastern Black Forest pastoral care unit online
  3. ↑ Bernd Mathias Kremer: Kath. Filialkirche St. Roman , in: Hans-Otto Mühleisen (editor): Kunst am Kaiserstuhl , Kunstverlag Josef Fink 2006, ISBN 3-89870-284-7 , page 57
  4. ^ Fritz Hirsch : The Bruchsal Castle in the 19th Century , Winter, Heidelberg 1906, page 13 online
  5. ↑ Jörg Martin: On the history of the St. Sebastian Chapel , in: Festschrift for the inauguration of the renovated St. Sebastian Chapel, Staufen im Breisgau , Staufen 2015, page 20 f. Digitized cemetery chapel St. Sebastian
  6. ↑ Manfred Schlegel: Churches and chapels in Heitersheim , in: Heitersheim - A city with a great history , Heitersheim 2010, page 227
  7. ^ Brommer, page 12
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser among others: City of Staufen, Münstertal / Black Forest. Monument topography Baden-Württemberg Volume III.1.1, Konrad Theis Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1708-4 , page 112
  9. ^ Brommer, page 22
  10. ^ Brommer, page 20
  11. ^ Brommer, page 25
  12. ^ Brommer, as above
  13. ↑ Bernd Sulzmann: Sources and documents about the life and work of the organ maker family Bernauer-Schuble in the Markgräflerland. In: Acta Organologica . Volume 13, 1979, pages 124-192.
  14. ↑ Gerd Köpfer: Some from the history of the cath. Parish church to Grunern. In: Staufener Wochenblatt, April 26, 1958, online
  15. ↑ Gerd Köpfer: Some from the history of the cath. Parish church to Grunern. In: Staufener Wochenblatt, April 26, 1958, online
  16. ↑ Johannes Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland. Müllheim 1989, p. 356
  17. ^ Information from Wolfram Stützle
  18. ↑ Hans Jürgen Kugler: The voice from the hidden. Badische Zeitung, December 13, 2014 online
  19. ↑ Gerd Köpfer: Some from the history of the cath. Parish Church of Grunern , Staufener Wochenblatt, May 3, 1958 online
  20. ↑ Staufener Tagblatt, March 7, 1923 online
  21. ↑ Helmet, as before
  22. ^ Brommer, page 26