St. Jodokus (Bielefeld)
St. Jodokus is a Roman Catholic parish church and former Franciscan church in the center of Bielefeld in the Mitte district . The late Gothic hall church with roof turret (secco painting of the vault marked 1511) and the former convent building surrounding the cloister (bay window with the year 1515) form an ensemble in Bielefeld's old town. Church and monastery buildings are plastered buildings with ashlar structure.
Like its predecessor on the Jostberg , the church is consecrated to St. Jodokus , a monastery founder, hermit and pilgrim who lived in what is now northern France in the 7th century.
history
As the first parish of the new city of Bielefeld, the Old Town St. Nicholas Parish was established in 1236 by the Paderborn Bishop Bernhard by removing the parish of Heepen . Towards the end of the 13th century, another collegiate and parish church was added in the “Neustadt”, today's Neustädter Marienkirche . Furthermore, in the Middle Ages, the Peterskirche Kirchdornberg and the Stiftskirche Schildesche with parish functions existed in the immediate vicinity .
In 1507 the Franciscans decided to relocate their branch, founded in 1498 on the Jostberg ( Jodokusberg ), to the safer and more accessible urban land at today's Klosterplatz and to give up the already completed Jodokus Church with the associated buildings. The reason was the lack of water on the forest property, but also the desire to live close to people and not in solitude in accordance with the spirituality of the order.
The new St. Jodokus Church was 18 July 1511 (choir) and 1515 by the Paderborn Auxiliary Bishop John Schneider , a Franciscan, consecrated ; soon afterwards the rest of the monastery complex was built. It belonged to the Cologne Franciscan Province ( Colonia ). In the monastery, the province set up one of its study houses for the next generation of the order. The convent survived the Reformation and became a base and parish church for the few Catholics in the area. The other parish, collegiate and monastery churches in Bielefeld and the surrounding area became Protestant from around 1541. In 1612, seven Franciscans from Bielefeld went to Halberstadt Monastery , which was the only remaining part of the large Saxon Franciscan Province ( Saxonia ) after the Reformation, and supported the few remaining brothers there. When Colonia ceded its eastern part to Saxonia in 1627 , the monastery in Bielefeld also became part of the Saxon province. In 1696 the Franciscans also founded a small religious establishment in Stockkämpen .
It was not until 1829 - 25 years after the general secularization of the monasteries - that the Prussian government abolished the Bielefeld monastery at the instigation of city director Delius, because they wanted to use the monastery grounds to expand the high school, and the pastoral care of St. Jodokus was taken over by a diocesan priest.
St. Jodokus is the mother church of all Catholic parishes in Bielefeld after the Reformation. With the industrialization of the city in the second half of the 19th century, the Catholic population increased. In 1891/92 one of the vicars of St. Jodokus held church service in the new Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Brackwede , in 1906 another branch was opened in Sieker with the Marienkapelle in Elpke . Such " mission stations " consisted of a chapel, a school room and a priestly apartment and were subsidized by the Bonifatiusverein , an organization that supports Catholics in the diaspora . In the new northern district, the population of which was mainly made up of workers, a care home for children at risk was built in 1901/02, albeit with the hesitation of Pastor Bartels von St. Jodokus, and St. Joseph's Church was established there from 1908–1910 built. Herz Jesu in Brackwede was raised to an independent parish in 1917, St. Joseph in 1933 and St. Bonifatius Sieker in 1958. In 1931 a subsidiary congregation was established in Senne I, and in 1934 the Church of Our Lady was built. In Wellensiek there were church services in the city school from 1930, and from 1939 in the new Heilig-Geist-Kapelle. Because of the large influx of Catholic expellees and refugees after the Second World War , twelve more churches were built in the city in the 1950s and 1960s.
For the first time in 1921 the Corpus Christi procession moved from St. Jodokus through the old town, a sign of a now strengthened self-confidence of the Catholics.
Today, next to the parish of St. Jodokus the Christian Organizations, Bielefeld, the Catholic marriage, family and life counseling center and the City Monastery Bielefeld (use Citypastoral ) the church and the premises in the former convent. The office of the Dean's Office Bielefeld-Lippe is also located there.
Between July 2010 and March 2011 the interior of the church was extensively renovated and some parts were completely redesigned. The artistic redesign was in the hands of Norbert Radermacher . Work was completed with an altar consecration, the occasion of which was the 500th anniversary.
Buildings and equipment
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The church building is a single-nave late Gothic building with five bays and side niches as well as a single bay choir with a 5/8 end . In accordance with the Franciscan ideal of poverty, the church has no tower, but only a roof turret with four bells. The west facade is accordingly simple and unadorned. The baroque Von Consbruchsche portal to the south to Obernstrasse dates from 1713.
The church was expanded and restored in 1954/55. Ten years later, part of the former monastery was added and designed as a sacrament chapel - now known as the "Franziskuskapelle". In 2009/2010 the convent building was thoroughly restored.
Black Madonna (1220)
Wooden shrine
(shortly after 1500)
The church has significant art treasures, including the partly late Gothic (1515), partly neo-Gothic (1878) vault ornamentation. The miraculous image of the Black Mother of God from 1220 is considered the oldest work of art in Bielefeld. A wooden shrine from shortly after 1500 shows the figures of a bishop, the Madonna and St. Michael . The shrine was acquired in 1960/80 and supposedly comes from the town of Sion in Switzerland.
An art-historical rarity is also a Levite chair from the early Renaissance in the choir , which represents Christ and Francis as well as Mary and Clare . Other works of art are the statue of the parish priest St. Jodokus, which was created around 1480 for the Aachen Cathedral , as well as an icon wall by Alexej Saweljew (1962), initially in the choir and since 2011 in the Franziskuskapelle. Another depiction of the church patron Jodokus with a pilgrim's coat and hat, shell and staff can be found outside on the facade of the monastery building on the monastery square.
In 2011 the church received an extension as a tabernacle chapel . This is only accessible from the nave. Because of the continued graffiti on the facade, the company fittkau metallbau + kunstschmiede from Berlin put on a bronze cladding that on the one hand emphasizes the dignity of the chapel and on the other hand stops vandalism .
Organs
Today's organ goes back to an organ made by the Bielefeld organ builder Hans Henrich Reinking . The upper half of its baroque organ facade ( organ prospectus ) still frames the positive back of the Kreienbrink organ from 1974, other elements of the Reinking case have since adorned the facade of the Schwellwerk , two angel heads crown the new flat fields between the main work and the pedal towers, while two angels on the side Round towers of the main plant found a new place.
As signs of construction inside the monastery church and the monastery south wing show, an organ was planned in the new church from the start. The swallow's nest organ was located on the north wall of the church in the first yoke of the choir vault adjoining the nave, several meters above the rood screen . It was placed above the passage from the monastery to the rood screen and thus moved closer to the eastern vault cap. From the inside of the church, a stone-framed rectangular opening shows the location of the organ (wind tunnel opening, added later). The evidence of a swallow's nest organ in St. Jodokus is a rare and important finding for the original organ location in a mendicant order church from the early 16th century.
On loan, the Franciscans took a positive from the canons of Quernheim into use in 1563 . The monastery chronicle records the repair of the organ that was in existence between 1617 and 1620. The instrument was probably damaged in the Thirty Years War when Brandenburg soldiers invading Bielefeld from Soest plundered the church.
Hans Henrich Reinking delivered a new organ in 1653/54, probably a smaller instrument that probably had around 10 stops . In 1769, Johann Patroclus Möller (Lippstadt) added a separate pedal to the Reinking organ on the spring shop and extended the case by two harp-shaped flat panels and two pedal towers. Organ builder Müller (certainly Johann Gottlieb Müller from Hildesheim, later court organ maker in Paderborn) made new pedal pipes in 1790 (3 for the sub-bass , 10 lead pipes). After a new version in 1799, the Warendorf organ builder Peter Austermann repaired the instrument in 1802, before the Kersting workshop from Münster expanded the organ significantly in 1847. Presumably it was the Kerstings who first gave the organ the 2nd manual, although they kept the Möllersche pedal unchanged.
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The Paderborn organ builder August Rudolf Randebrock repaired the organ in 1881, cleaned it, renewed a. a. damaged parts of the game mechanics, repaired the wooden pipes and supplied a new blower, which was placed inside the organ case above the organist's seat. Organ builder Friedrich Bernhard Meyer did not alter the tonal substance until 1897. He replaced a larger part of the pipe material with new registers, expanded the divided parts drone 16 ′ and trumpet 8 ′ of the main manual, built violin principal 8 ′, salicional 8 ′ and oboe 8 ′ (penetrating), in the pedal sub-bass 16 ′ and Cello 8 ′. He rearranged other registers or opened them. His original proposal to replace the Möller principal 8 ′ with a new principal was rejected by the parish.
Anton Feith (Paderborn) entered into negotiations with the parish in 1912 about a new building. A new pneumatic work with 45 voices on three manuals and pedal was installed in 1914. The new building made the plant much larger, which is why Feith had to partially dismantle the case (roof and parts of the side walls, decorative attachments of the Reinking plant). Anton II. Feith built a new work from 1913/14 in which more than half of the pipework (principal pyramid of the main manual, partly principal parts of the other manuals, pedal complete) was installed behind the historical prospectus.
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In 1973/1974 the Osnabrück organ building company Kreienbrink built a new instrument with 40 registers. In 1988 the organ was overhauled by the organ building workshop Fischer & Krämer (Endingen) and expanded by two pedal registers (No. 35 and 40). The mixture and cymbals in the main work have now been replaced by the Salicional 8 ′ and the Plein jeu VI. The organ has mechanical sliding chests with an electrical stop action .
After the church renovation in 2010/2011, the organ was also subjected to an extensive renovation by the organ building workshop Hermann Eule from Bautzen. On May 19, 2013, Pentecost Sunday, the organ was re-inaugurated with a festive service and a concert on the instrument. The instrument has the following disposition today.
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- Cymbelstern
- Coupling (electrical): I / II, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Composer combinations
Bells
The church received four new bronze bells in 1995, which were cast by the Rincker bell and art foundry . The three bells that have existed since 1950 were initially given to the St. Johann Baptist Church and then to the St. Kunigunde Church in Sennestadt.
| No. | Surname | Diameter (mm) | Weight (kg) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hedwig's bell | 500 | 120 | b 2 |
| 2 | Joseph and Mary bells | 570 | 160 | g 2 |
| 3 | Francis bell | 700 | 280 | it 2 |
| 4th | Jodokus bell | 800 | 380 | c 2 |
See also
- List of architectural monuments in the Bielefeld-Mitte district
- List of religious buildings in Bielefeld
literature
- Johannes Altenberend, Josef Holtkotte (ed.): St. Jodokus 1511–2011. Contributions to the history of the Franciscan monastery St. Jodokus in Bielefeld. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2011, ISBN 978-3-89534-911-9 .
- Andreas Kamm, On the history of the organs in Sankt Jodokus zu Bielefeld. With special consideration of the organ building family Reichling, in: acta organologica vol. 34, ed. v. Alfred Reichling, Kassel 2014, pp. 37–88.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments, North Rhine-Westphalia II - Westphalia, revised edition 2016 , ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2
Web links
Individual evidence
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^ Thomas Günter: St. Jodokus before the ceremonial reopening, one of the oldest churches in Bielefeld ; In: Neue Westfälische , accessed on March 26, 2011.
Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 239.241. - ^ Diodor Henniges: History of the Franciscan Monastery Bielefeld. In: Contributions to the history of the Saxon Franciscan Province of the Holy Cross. Volume II. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1908, pp. 126-151; ders .: On the abolition of the Bielefeld monastery in 1829 (a quote from the Aschaffenburg church newspaper No. 13, year 1835). In: ibid. Volume IV / V. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1911/12, pp. 206f; ders .: A sad day of remembrance (100 years after the dissolution of the Bielefeld monastery). In: Vita Seraphica. 10, 1929, ZDB ID 606595-8 , pp. 126-137.
- ^ Martin Klein: Changes in a local Catholic milieu: Bielefeld 1860-1965. In: 90th annual report of the Historical Association for the County of Ravensberg. 2005, ISSN 0342-0159 , pp. 39-112, pp. 44, 53.
- ↑ Video report ( Memento from October 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ); The city magazine , duration 5:00 minutes; accessed on May 31, 2013
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments, North Rhine-Westphalia II - Westphalia, Revised Edition 2016, p. 104
- ↑ Cultivation should shine. And: bronze banishes graffiti . In: Neue Westfälische + Westfalen Blatt No. 9 2013 (01), January 16, 2013; reproduced on Fittkau: press releases ( Memento from February 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Andreas Kamm : On the history of the organs in Sankt Jodokus zu Bielefeld. With special consideration of the organ building family Reichling. In: acta organologica vol. 34, ed. v. Alfred Reichling, Kassel 2014, pp. 37–88.
- ↑ Harald Propach: The bells of Bielefeld. Voice of the church, cultural asset and work of art. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld 2008, ISBN 978-3-89534-703-0 , ( special publication by the Historical Association for the County of Ravensberg 13), p. 150.
Coordinates: 52 ° 1 ′ 13.2 " N , 8 ° 31 ′ 43.7" E