St. Martin (Cappel)

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Church from the south

St. Martin is the Protestant parish church in the Marburg district of Cappel ( Hesse ). The listed hall church in the historicism style from 1900 with choir flank towers, roof turrets and an elaborate roof landscape has a three-sided choir closure in the east, which dates from the late Gothic period and was taken over from the previous building.

history

Church in 1869 from the southwest

In the late Romanesque period, a church was built around 1250, which received a polygonal choir around 1300. The church was consecrated to St. Martin of Tours , the Frankish-Merovingian people's patron, whose patronage is documented for the year 1517. In addition to the main altar of St. Martin in the choir, there was a second altar outside the choir, which was consecrated to Mary and St. Stephen and St. Anthony in 1387. In the late Middle Ages, Cappel was subordinate to the archpriest's seat (Sedes) and sending court in Oberweimar in the Amöneburg deanery, which was assigned to the Archdeaconate of St. Stephan in the Archdiocese of Mainz .

With the introduction of the Reformation in 1527, Cappel switched to the evangelical creed. Heinrich Krug was the first Protestant pastor in Cappel (1517–1547), who in 1527 studied theology again at the newly founded Marburg University . The congregation introduced the Reformed church service in 1605 and probably removed the St. Stephen's altar during this time. In the 17th century the roof turret was built or renewed. The parish was provided from Marburg from 1605 until the Lutheran creed was reintroduced in 1624. In 1701 a reformed parish was founded in Cappel, which was supplied from Marburg until 1715 and then received its own pastor. The Cappeler church served as a simultaneous church until 1947 both parishes were united.

Due to the population increase at the end of the 19th century and the poor state of construction, a new building was approved in 1896. The late Gothic choir and the roof turret were included. In 1899 the Romanesque nave was demolished. Due to the hillside location and the adjacent private houses, an extension of the church to the west was only possible to a limited extent, so the new church was built wider than it was long.

The bells delivered for armaments purposes during World War II were replaced in 1950. In 1953 the church was renovated. In 1964/1965 an electric heater was installed and in 1966 a new organ was installed. After the merger of the parish Ronhausen - Bortshausen on January 1, 2012 into one parish, Beltershausen was incorporated on December 1, 2012 . The Cappeler parish with a total of around 4480 parishioners is supplied by two parish offices. The community belongs to the Marburg parish within the Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck .

architecture

West view with baroque roof turret of the previous church

The east-facing , unplastered hall church with corner blocks and profiled walls made of red sandstone is built in the old town center on a hillside. The solidly walled-up church stands in the middle of the former cemetery, which is enclosed by a wall . The architect was the Marburg district building inspector Karl Hippenstiel. The historicizing new building made it possible to relate the various structures to one another, which are completed by a differentiated roof landscape.

The late Gothic polygonal choir from around 1300 and the baroque roof turret have been retained . The three-eighth mark has drawn in and lower than the new ship. Inside, the ribbed vault rests on mask-shaped consoles . The previous church was a simple rectangular building (8.75 meters × 5.38 meters) with a gable roof and turrets in the west. The choir was the same height and width as the ship. The church was accessed through a round-arched west portal (2.60 meters × 1.20 meters). A high external staircase on the south side enabled access to the gallery . The new ship was widened to 14.10 meters and lengthened to 10.80 meters.

In the northeast corner, a sacristy is built on a square floor plan. The sacristy and east end are flanked by two round, slender choir-flank towers, which serve as stairways to the galleries and are accessed through a simple rectangular door. The choir towers have eight-sided pointed towers on which a peak is placed.

The interior is illuminated in two zones through windows corresponding to the galleries. On the long sides there are four narrow ogival arched windows in the upper area and four small, high rectangular windows at the bottom, in the western gable side there are four ogival arch windows at the top, of which the middle two are elevated. In the lower area of ​​the west side, the rectangular windows have keel-arched blind niches. The gable triangle has a small round window with a fish bubble motif in the tracery . On the west gable is a four-sided, completely slated roof turret, which serves as a bell tower. The cuboid shaft has four small sound holes. The four-sided pointed helmet is dominated by four large dormers with triangular gables and two small sound holes each, which appear like little wich houses . A decorated, wrought-iron cross with a weather vane crowns the helmet . The church is accessed through two west portals under a small pent roof . They have double-leaf doors with iron fittings and an ogival tympanum .

Interior

The ship is vaulted by a flat wooden barrel. The barrel vault is supported by transverse beams, some of which rest on eight-sided wooden posts. The three-sided gallery with coffered panels reflects the two-zone window arrangement. The west gallery serves as the installation site for the organ. The wooden church stalls in the nave leave a central aisle free.

The choir is three steps higher than the nave. The medieval block altar and the cup-shaped baptismal font were taken from the old church. The polygonal pulpit made of oak and pine wood on the northern archway has profiled cornices. Between half-columns with cubic bases and ornate capitals , the pulpit fields carry tracery with nuns' heads in neo -Gothic style . The stone foot was modeled on the late Gothic foot of the previous pulpit.

organ

The Böttner organ from 1966
The organ from the previous church, which has not been preserved, can still be seen in a painting by Otto Piltz from 1879

On an oil painting by Otto Piltz with the title Kindtaufe in der Cappeler Kirche , which was created in 1879, the organ in the previous church , which has not been preserved, can still be seen.

In the course of the construction of the new church, the parish acquired a new organ from the Lich company Förster & Nicolaus , which was inaugurated on June 24, 1901. The instrument had ten registers , which were divided into two manuals and pedal . The organ was replaced in 1966 by a new building by the Böttner Orgelbau workshop . The three-axis, flat prospectus in the main work has an elevated central field with a trapezoidal tip, which is flanked by two harp-shaped pipe fields that rise outwards. The middle field of the Rückpositiv shows the wooden pipes of the Gedackt , which are adjoined by two trapezoidal fields. The pedal is positioned behind. The actions are mechanical. The organ has the following disposition :

I Rückpositiv C – f 3
Dumped 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
octave 2 ′
Sesquialtera II 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′ + 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Scharff IV 1'
II Hauptwerk C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Night horn 4 ′
Pointed fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
recorder 2 ′
Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Pedal C – f 1
Sub-bass 16 ′
Gemshorn 8th'
Dumped 4 ′
Octave Cornett II 4 ′ + 2 ′
Dulcian 16 ′

literature

Web links

Commons : St. Martin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse: City of Marburg II. 2013, 507.
  2. ↑ a b Cappel. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 12, 2017 .
  3. ^ Küther: Cappel. A Marburg house village. 1976, p. 197.
  4. ^ Küther: Cappel. A Marburg house village. 1976, p. 210.
  5. ^ Küther: Cappel. A Marburg house village. 1976, pp. 216, 252 f.
  6. ↑ a b c Küther: Cappel. A Marburg house village. 1976, p. 257.
  7. ^ Homepage of the parish , accessed on June 13, 2017.
  8. ^ Dehio manual . Hessen I. 2008, p. 150.
  9. ↑ Hans-Joachim Falkenberg: Epochs of organ history. Förster and Nicolaus 1842–1992. Orgelbau-Fachverlag Rensch, Lauffen 1992, ISBN 3-921848-24-5 , pp. 87, 172.
  10. ^ Organ in Cappel , accessed on June 12, 2017.

Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 33.54 "  N , 8 ° 46 ′ 7.21"  E