St. Peter and Paul (Heiningen)

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St. Peter and Paul from the south

St. Peter and Paul is a former monastery church and Catholic parish church in Heiningen (Dorfstrasse 1) in the Wolfenbüttel district . Since November 1st, 2006 it has been a branch church of St. Petrus in Wolfenbüttel .

construction

inner space

St. Peter and Paul is a pure style Romanesque basilica on a cruciform floor plan with a rectangular tower at the west end. The three-bay nave consists of a central nave and two half-height aisles. A square choir with a lower semicircular apse adjoins the transept in the east . Their blind arcades and pilaster strips are the only external architectural decoration , along with the step portal in the south transept with set columns. The choir is flanked by two chapels in extension of the aisles. The crossing and choir do not continue the nave in a straight line, but rather turn to the south. This phenomenon, which is not uncommon in medieval churches, is often interpreted as an image of the inclination of Christ's head on the cross.

The interior also shows stylistic unity and a rich structure. On the walls of the nave bays, wide blind arches stretch from pillar to pillar under the clapboard windows . Below that, the actual opening to the side aisles is divided into two narrower arches by central columns with cube capitals , resulting in an attractive change of columns . Only one of the capitals (in the west of the south arcade) has lush foliage and figurative representations (faces or masks). It is dated to the early 13th century. In the main apse and in the southern side choir there are wall paintings, probably also from the early 13th century. However, the saints depicted cannot be identified.

The medieval furnishings include 1.70 meters high, painted figures of the donors Hildeswid and Alburg (late 13th century) on an 18th century base with the inscription:

HILDESWID ET ALBURGIS / SAXONIE DUCISSAE / ALTFRIDI E STIRPE GERMANORUM REGIS ITALIE / OTTONE III IMPERANTE IN PRAELIO CONTRA SARACENOS CAESI / UXOR ISTA / HAEC FILIA / PARTHENONIS CANONICARUM REGULARUM IN HEINIGEN / QUARUM MXII FARA ) TAE / ANNO MDCCL (XVI)
“Hildeswid and Alburgis, Duchesses of Saxony, the wife of Altfrid, the King of Italy from a German tribe, who was in the reign of Otto III. in the fight against the Saracens, this daughter fell, founders of the Canon Regulars Foundation in Heiningen in 1012, whose grave figures were restored in 1766 ”.

The inscription refers to the legend of the founding of Heiningen Abbey, which was written in the 14th or 15th century. Alfridus rex Germanorum mentioned in it , who fled Italy due to natural disasters, married the duke's daughter Hildeswid in Saxony, from Otto III. was held with high dignity and was killed in a crusade, which his widow Heiningen donated, is historically not verifiable.

Today's comparatively sparse furnishings and the white paint on the inside, which leaves out columns and arches, underline the proportions of the room.

capital

history

Sculptures by the founders Hildeswid and Alburgis inside the church
Heiningen Monastery in the 18th century

The monastery Heiningen was donated around 1000 by Hildeswid and Alburgis from the Saxon noble family of Billunger and equipped with extensive property. Bishop Bernward von Hildesheim (993-1022), also Billunger, obtained from Emperor Otto III. the immunity of the canonical pen .

The monastery and church were placed under the protection of the Mother of God and the Apostle Peter .

In 1126 the first monastery reform was carried out with the introduction of the Augustinian rule . Now the apostle Paul became a patron saint . About the same time the construction of the present monastery church was probably started at the same time the since 1140 independent parish Heiningen as a parish church, and from 1174 as Archdeaconry served.

After a period of spiritual and economic decline, the monastery was reformed again in the 15th century and joined the Windesheim congregation . There was a new bloom with up to 100 conventuals.

As a result of Hildesheimer pin feud was Heiningen during the Reformation in braunschweigischem possession. The monastery was converted into a Lutheran women's monastery in 1569 . After the restitution of the large monastery in 1643 and the overcoming of the worst consequences of the Thirty Years War , Catholic nuns and a Catholic parish priest came to Heiningen again. In 1658 the church was consecrated again , and from 1661 new monastery buildings were built. However, the majority of the population remained Protestant, and the parish has since then encompassed the entire surrounding area.

In the course of secularization , Heiningen Monastery was abolished in 1810 and the land belonging to it was sold to private hands. The monastery church became state property. It is maintained by the Hanover Monastery Chamber and made available for Catholic worship.

From 1937 to 1943 Joseph Müller was pastor at St. Peter and Paul. He was sentenced to death by the People's Court in 1944 .

organ

The Heiningen Church had a baroque organ since the 17th century ( Andreas Schweimb , Einbeck). This was rebuilt and expanded in 1887 by Heinrich Vieth , Celle, according to the romantic sound ideal. With its 28 stops on two manuals and pedal , it is counted among the most important organs in the region. In 2007/2008 it was completely overhauled with funds from the monastery chamber ( Klais company ) and was blessed by Bishop Norbert Trelle on August 8, 2010 in the presence of Sigrid Maier-Knapp-Herbst .

Organ prospectus
I main work C – f 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Viola di gamba 8th'
4th Rohrfloet 8th'
5. Fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Octave 4 ′
7th Gemshorn 4 ′
8th. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Octave 2 ′
10. Mixture III-IV 2 ′
11. Trumpet (from c 0 ) 16 ′
12. Trumpet 8th'
II Hinterwerk C – f 3
13. Dumped 16 ′
14th Violin principal 8th'
15th Salicional 8th'
16. Flauto traverso 8th'
17th Lovely covered 8th'
18th Octave 4 ′
19th Reed flute 4 ′
20th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Octave 2 ′
Pedal C – d 1
22nd Principal bass 16 ′
23. Sub bass 16 ′
24. Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
25th Principal bass 8th'
26th violoncello 8th'
27. Drone 8th'
28. Octave 4 ′
29 trombone 16 ′
30th Trumpet 8th'

See also

literature

  • Adolf Bertram: History of the Diocese of Hildesheim , vol. 1, Hildesheim 1899, p. 235 f.
  • Gerhard Taddey: The Heiningen Monastery from its foundation to its abolition (publications by the Max Planck Institute for History, 14; studies on Germania Sacra, 4). Goettingen 1966.
  • Ute Römer-Johannsen: The Augustinian choir women monasteries Heiningen and Dorstadt ( large architectural monuments , issue 313). Munich / Berlin 1978.
  • Ute Römer-Johannsen and Karl Bernhard Kruse: Heiningen, St. Peter and Paul . Passau 1997.
  • Markus C. Blaich : Heiningen Abbey with St. Peter and Paul Church in: Reports on the preservation of monuments in Lower Saxony 1/2018, pp. 57–60

Web links

Commons : Saints Peter and Paul  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ute Römer-Johannsen and Karl Bernhard Kruse: Heiningen, St. Peter and Paul. Passau 1997, p. 10
  2. ↑ Fundatio Monansterii Heiningensis ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica 1888) with commentary by Oswald Holder-Egger (Latin).
  3. ↑ To the disposition

Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 16.6 ″  N , 10 ° 33 ′ 22.4 ″  E