St. Peter and Paul (Wusterhausen / Dosse)
The Protestant town church of St. Peter and Paul in Wusterhausen / Dosse is a Gothic brick church in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district in Brandenburg . It belongs to the Evangelical Church Community of Wusterhausen in the Prignitz parish of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia . With its huge roof, it defines the cityscape of Wusterhausen an der Dosse and has rich, partly artistically valuable furnishings. It is an open church .
History and architecture
The town church of St. Peter and Paul is a stately three-aisled, three- bay hall church with a one- bay hall choir similar to that of the Nikolaikirche in Pritzwalk made of brick masonry with components made of field stone . To the side of the choir there are two two-story, two-bay extensions; the Marienkapelle is built on the south to the west. The mighty transverse rectangular west tower is accompanied by side rooms.
Previous construction and reconstruction
The first building was built in the middle of the 13th century and was probably a cruciform basilica made of hewn granite blocks, of which parts of the front walls of the transept and its eastern wall in the area of the crossing are still preserved today. It is possible that at least the eastern parts of this structure were vaulted, which is indicated by non-diagonal buttresses of the transept. The north portal of the transept, a three-tier Gothic granite block portal, is also part of the first construction. The large opening to the Marienkapelle on the south side of the transept may have led to a chapel being added back then.
In the late 13th century, the reconstruction of the church began, presumably hesitantly and with multiple changes of plan with the construction of the basement of the tower and the new construction of the aisle walls in line with the transept fronts. These include magnificent brick portals on both sides in the tower yoke, although the wall surfaces were still largely built from field stone blocks. The tower has no west entrance, but a large west window. It is open to the side rooms and the central nave with wide pointed arches. It is possible that the construction of a basilica was initially planned, as indicated by the lancet windows in the eastern part of the aisle walls and half pillars in the nave at the north and south end of the tower wall.
Change of plan to the hall church
After a very soon change of plan in favor of a hall church, the nave arcades were moved closer together, so that three almost square bays were created in the central nave. The western pillars of the central nave and the tower pillars as well as the first floor of the tower are still made of granite blocks. Around or after 1300, the large brick portals and later bricked-up windows were built into the side rooms of the tower. The portals have multi-part reveals and the capitals in the north with foliage made of shaped stone , in the south with chalice capitals. The tower side halls have been preserved without vaults with open pent roofs; In the middle tower hall there was a high cross vault with pear ribs , which may have come from the 14th century.
In the further course of the 14th century, the hall church was built from brick. It has buttresses without a shoulder on the outside and half-pillar templates with rounded corners and a strong three-quarter round rod on the inside. The high, three-part pointed arched windows and a lattice frieze under the eaves characterize the exterior of the hall church. The second pair of pillars from the west was also built in brick with a slightly cross-shaped floor plan. The side aisles were originally opened to the side halls of the tower with high, now walled-in pointed arch openings. According to the dating of the vault paintings in the central nave, the ribbed vaults in the central nave were probably not completed until 1422. Then the incompletely preserved second upper floor of the tower was built with a slender, arched panel structure, which was given today's emergency roof after the original pointed helmet was destroyed by lightning in 1764. The vault of the tower hall, which was also destroyed in this context, could only be restored in 1993/94.
Hall choir and extensions
After 1450 the hall choir, closed on three sides and five on the outside, was started, which was vaulted in 1474 according to an inscription and consecrated in 1479. It forms a uniform assembly with the external extensions, which only have large windows on the upper floors. The extensions were used below as a sacristy or an anteroom, and on the upper floors as a library or calender chapel. At the end of the 15th century, the two-bay, roughly square Marienkapelle was added to the south of the former transept. It has a strictly structured staggered gable with arched arches and circular panels underneath, next to wide four-part windows and is evidently influenced by the Holy Blood Chapel of Heiligengrabe Monastery and its successors, such as the Alt Krüssow pilgrimage church .
Inside, the nave and choir are clearly separated from each other by three arches in the east wall of the former transept and different designs; the impression of the space is shaped by the post-medieval furnishings and a restoration between 1965 and 1972. The nave is now painted white with gray ribs. The choir is characterized by striking multi-section pillars, which are set off in red against the whitewashed wall and vault surfaces.
Furnishing
Murals
Late Gothic wall paintings from the last quarter of the 15th century show the third of Anna in a painted frame on the east wall of the choir. The decapitation of St. Catherine from the late 15th century is depicted on two pillars in the south , while paintings from 1520/30 show Mary Magdalene in Renaissance costume in the north . In the east vault of the central nave there are naive grotesque paintings with the date of the vaulting in 1422.
Main pieces of equipment
The wooden altar structure was inserted between the two eastern choir pillars in 1776, which were encased in a pilaster architecture. The altar painting shows a representation of the incredulous Thomas by Christian Bernhard Rode . Above it are grisaille paintings , putti as allegories of the Christian cardinal virtues and a final ray of glory .
The wooden pulpit in rich late Renaissance forms was created by Jürgen Fischer in 1610 and painted by Moritz Mewes in 1694. It shows figurative representations of Christ and the apostles on the basket above a bust of Paul in architectural niches between slender corner columns. The two-storey sound cover bears representations of the virtues and the evangelists. To top it off, it shows the pelican as a symbol of the sacrificial death of Christ.
The baptismal font from 1712 consists of a hexagonal cup on a round base and is decorated with angels between acanthus foliage. The corresponding brass baptismal font is also preserved.
organ
"Excellent" carvings from 1575 were reused on the organ loft with a dock parapet , showing, among other things, the sovereign and city coats of arms. The painting on the south side with the four evangelists was created around the same time.
The organ with a well-proportioned prospect is a work by the organ builder Joachim Wagner from 1742. The baroque instrument has two manuals and a pedal with a total of 30 registers and two cymbal stars . After extensive restoration work, the organ has been sounding closer to its original state since 1978. The organ is one of the organs by Joachim Wagner that has survived to this day and has undergone the fewest changes in its pipe inventory in the past centuries. According to this, the organ cannot have suffered any significant damage in 1764, when a lightning strike destroyed the tower spire and the tower vault, although it is in the first yoke of the nave and thus directly in front of the tower.
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- Coupling : II / I
- Playing aids : check valves for I, II and pedal
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Mood :
- Tuning pitch: 451 Hz at 15 ° C
- Temperature control : Silbermann II
Stalls and sculptures
In the north aisle there is a gallery from the beginning of the 17th century with richly carved late Renaissance ornamentation. She shows the life and passion of Christ in 21 paintings “of surprising quality”. Parts of the choir stalls with relief depictions of Stephanus , Bartholomäus , Peter and Maria from the end of the 15th century are also preserved. Also to be mentioned are the box stalls in the ship and the council stalls from 1610/20 with delicate latticework.
A “good” crucifix and a figure of mourning John are still preserved from a triumphal cross group from the late 15th century . An enthroned Mary and Child made of wood in the Lady Chapel was created in 1420. Several pastor pictures from the 17th / 18th centuries Century as well as four baroque chandeliers made of brass and a god box from the 17th century with rich fittings are also part of the equipment.
Tombs and other equipment
A wooden wall epitaph for P. Schütte († 1570) shows a two-story structure with two paintings, the upper one depicting the Ascension; the lower one is destroyed. In the Marienkapelle an inscription tombstone for Andreas Falckenthal († 1722) and a stone memorial for Joh. A. Werkenthin († 1747) with putti and two allegorical figures have been preserved. In the ambulatory is the "excellent" wall tomb for Otto Albrecht von Rohr († 1736), which is provided in the manner of Johann Georg Glume with the figures of Fama and Chronos on the side of an obelisk attachment. It was moved to Ganzer from the church that was abandoned in 1975 .
The Lord's Supper is on loan from the Marienkirche in Berlin . These include an early Gothic chalice, a paten with incised drawings of the Last Judgment , a silver host by Daniel Male with a crucifix soldered on. Several medieval missal books with splendid bindings are kept in the library.
literature
- Ernst Badstübner : City churches of the Mark Brandenburg. 1st edition. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1982, p. 209.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 , pp. 1142–1145.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information on the pages of the support group for old churches in Brandenburg. Retrieved June 27, 2020 .
- ^ Website of the Wusterhausen parish. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c d Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments. Districts Berlin / GDR and Potsdam. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 467 .
- ↑ Information on the organ. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 53 ′ 29.2 " N , 12 ° 27 ′ 41.7" E