Stadtgasse (Bruneck)
The city alley located in the historical center of the South Tyrolean town of Brunico . For a long time it was the only street in town, which explains its name; a large number of buildings along the Stadtgasse are listed buildings . It leads in a wide semicircle around the Schlossberg and is bordered at both ends by city gates.
history
Around 1250 the alley was laid out at the same time as the castle . In its course it was based on the old trunk road from Augsburg to Venice . The extent to which this can also be traced back to a Roman road running through the Puster Valley is disputed in research. In any case, the Stadtgasse was laid out too wide towards the west, while the eastern part is narrow due to the course of the Rienza river, which comes close to the Schlossberg . In contrast to other South Tyrolean cities, the Stadtgasse has no arbors .
In 1336 the city wall was completed under the Brixen bishop Albert von Enn , which delimited the city street with its gates. There were about 90 houses on that street; With the exception of Ragen, the individual districts all ran along the Stadtgasse: one on the Schlossberg side from the Ragentor to the former courthouse (today the Meusburgerhaus), the second from there to the Ursulinentor, the third on the Rienz side from the Ursulinentor to the Florianitor, and that fourth from there to the Rage gate. These districts were administered by so-called quarter masters, who were appointed by the city council.
The entire traffic through the Pustertal therefore led through Bruneck and through the Stadtgasse. Goods were cleared here and temporarily stored at the ball court , which was located on the area of the later Ursuline monastery. In 1723 the buildings on Stadtgasse were badly affected by a severe fire in the town .
Only in the middle of the 19th century did through traffic shift from the Stadtgasse to the now filled-in moat north of the city wall. At the end of the 19th century, livestock farming was curbed in the old town and finally banned entirely. At that time cattle were still kept in many houses on Stadtgasse. In 1911 the last stables disappeared here due to a ban by the medical authorities and the Tyrolean provincial committee.
During the fascist era , the German name Stadtgasse was replaced by the Italian name Via Principe Umberto . Today the entire Stadtgasse is a pedestrian zone .
Buildings
No. 2: Unterrainertor
The Stadtgasse begins in the east with the Unterrainertor, Oberen Tor or Ragentor , through which one came from the district of Ragen over the Pfeffergraben. During Easter, ox meat with pepper was distributed to the population here. The gate as part of the city fortifications bears a weathered fresco with the crucifixion and a holy bishop on the east side as well as the now illegible year 1388. On the west side there is also a weathered mural which is attributed to the circle around Michael Pacher . Above you can see the city's founder, Bishop Bruno von Hans Weber from 1922. The passage consists of a round arch.
- Entry in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
At the Unterrainertor the house No. 2 rises up with a built-in shop. A bay window with a mural below is striking . The windows show painted frames. There is a barrel-vaulted kitchen on the first floor.
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The so-called school district with the German or vulgar school was once located here; the Latin school was on the opposite side .
No. 7: Former Fragsburg
The former Fragsburg belonged to the Tyrolean sovereign Sigmund the rich in coins , who exchanged it in 1446 for a house in Innsbruck that belonged to the Bishop of Brixen . In 1546 he passed it on to judge Peter Paul Hahn zu Hahnberg, which is why the building was also called Hahnburg . A pharmacy has been located here since the 18th century.
The four-storey house has a baroque facade design, the granite frame on the entrance door bears the year 1769. Inside, the basement and ground floor are partially vaulted, on the first floor there was a hall with double doors and a stucco ceiling from around 1750, which is now divided. Another room with a stucco ceiling and two vaulted rooms deserve attention.
- Entry in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
No. 10
The narrow three-story house has a mural of the Immaculate on the first floor . On the ground floor there is a long, vaulted room with stitch caps ; the cellar is also vaulted. The brick staircase is also remarkable.
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No. 11
This large town house is the last in the narrow eastern section of Stadtgasse. The four-storey facade is decorated with painted window frames. There are vaults in the basement and the ground floor. On the first floor there are two rooms with stucco ceilings.
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No. 12
In the basement of the four-storey town house there are still late medieval stone pillars with two relief arches, over which a beamed ceiling rests only in the eastern half. The middle part of the house on the ground floor is vaulted; on the second floor there is a room with a stucco molding. An original baroque window has been preserved in the staircase.
- Entry in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
No. 13: Paradeishaus
The single-axis house, which is very narrow towards the Stadtgasse, has a greater width on the rear towards the Rienz and was part of the city wall there. It is believed that there was a house here before the city was built; It was an exempted house, that is, a house that was not subordinate to the city court, but was assigned to the senior administrator, who was responsible for the properties outside the city. The house was also called zur Porth , which means that there must have been a city gate next door through which the road through the Puster Valley led into the city. Outside the gate, a covered city bridge crossed the Rienz. Even today, the Paradeishaus is the last in the wide section of the Stadtgasse, which refers to these topographical features. A newer fountain stands in front of the house at the point where the upper fountain used to be.
Inside, barrel-vaulted rooms are to be noted on the ground floor and first floor.
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No. 15
The Goldener Löwe inn was once located in this house. The crenellated facade is provided with a modern sgraffito that refers to the local bakery. The year 1820 can be seen above the rectangular door in a stone frame with rosettes. The business space has a barrel vault while the hallway has a ridge vault.
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No. 16
The facade of the narrow, single-axis house is extensively covered with fable paintings from the 16th century. The year in the gable is incomplete with 177 ... The building has a room with three-beam vaults on the ground floor and a room with simple paneling on the first floor . The staircase is bricked.
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No. 17
The two-axis house has a crenellated finish. Inside, the basement rooms are vaulted, on the ground floor there is a groin vault and a vaulted light dome. The railing of the stairs is made of wood.
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No. 21
The house is closed by a crenellated wreath; on the battlements there are niches with tracery from the 19th century. The cellar rooms are vaulted, on the ground floor there is a room with a barrel vault.
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No. 23
The facade with deep window reveals has a straight wall. The remains of wall paintings depicting Adam and Eve are interesting. There is a domed hood over the light shaft. Noteworthy is a room with a pilaster panel on the first floor and a stucco ceiling from the 18th century on the second floor.
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No. 25
The simple facade of the house has been renewed. The ground floor has a barrel vaulted room, kreuzgratgewölbter light well with cover and the first floor is a hidden fields ceiling with quatrefoil midfield .
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No. 26
The house has a steep gable, the windows are in deep reveals. Inside there are vaulted rooms on the ground floor and a forecourt with a mesh vault on the first floor.
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No. 27
The facade of the narrow house is closed off by battlements and marked by a two-story, polygonal bay window. Inside, on the first floor, there is a simple field ceiling, the middle field of which shows an immaculata from the 18th century.
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No. 27B
The four-story house has a renewed facade with deep window reveals. The barrel vault in the stairwell is interesting.
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No. 29: Michael Pacher House
The most important artist in Bruneck, Michael Pacher, lived and worked in the eastern part of this multi-part building in the 15th century . In 1818 the house was acquired by the Neuhauser family, which is why the name Neuhauserhaus has been common ever since . During the last restoration, Renaissance frescoes were discovered on the left facade , which have since been left out. They show rich tendril paintings with mythical creatures and tapes on white plaster. The part of a black and gold imperial eagle, on the other hand, belongs to an older layer of plaster.
Inside you can see a hall with a mesh vault and a business room with a groin vault. There is also a barrel-vaulted light dome, a baroque wrought-iron staircase and a kitchen with a barrel. A connecting passage leads to the part of the house in the back alley.
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No. 30, 30A
The house, with its regular rows of windows, is particularly interesting inside. The staircase with a light dome leads to the first floor, where the drinking room called Defreggerstube is located with its pilaster panel from 1894. The individual wall fields show the coats of arms of all of Tyrol (including Welschtirols ) and toasts, on the doors there are pyrography with coats of arms and the view of Bruneck. Late baroque stucco ceilings have been preserved in several rooms.
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No. 39
In the basement of the three-storey building there are three elongated rooms with groin vaults. An arched exit leads from here to the back alley. Other groin-vaulted rooms on the ground floor deserve attention as well as the stairwell with light dome. The writer and local researcher Paul Tschurtschenthaler was born in this house .
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No. 40
The house has a facade with a round-arched shop portal and low-lying window reveals and painted frames. The staircase is vaulted, there are wooden stairs in the atrium. The kitchens on the first and second floors have barrel vaults; there is also a room with a baroque stucco ceiling.
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No. 42: Former second town hall in Bruneck
This narrow house was the second town hall in Bruneck from 1546 to 1799/1802. Its former function is still evident today from the painted city coat of arms on the facade and the town hall bell in the central battlements of the house crowning. With her the council members were called to the meetings.
The current facade dates from the late 19th century. A double-arched window can be seen in the middle above the rows of windows that have just been suspected. The core of the building still has medieval masonry. There are several vaulted rooms inside.
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No. 43, 43A: City pharmacy
The large house on the corner of Florianigasse originally consisted of three house units; the foundation walls go back to the middle of the 13th century. In 1526, Veit Söll, the owner at the time, set up a drinking room. It is still preserved today and shows beautiful wall paintings from the construction period. Other noteworthy rooms are the vaulted pharmacy room and a house chapel on the first floor. In the entrance hall you can see net ridge vaults; a brick staircase leads to the cellar. There is also a vaulted corridor on the first floor.
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No. 44: Former first town hall in Bruneck
This house is referred to as the court and town hall of Prauneck as early as 1402 ; it is the oldest town hall in Brunico. At that time, a city judge was still the head of the city, but since 1426 a mayor elected by the citizens has held office here . The first was Erasmus Sell. The house is also known by other names: After one owner, the tobacco and stamp publisher Josef Strele and his son Karl, it was known as the Strehlehaus from 1838 . From 1903 it belonged to the grammar school professor Karl Meusburger, hence also called Meusburgerhaus . After the now resident watchmaker Gasser, it is now called Gasserhaus .
The building, which is directly opposite Florianigasse, has a striking facade with a fire wall and a two-storey square bay window on corbels . Below is the stone-framed, chamfered, pointed arch door. Up to the second floor, the facade is richly painted with architectural elements. On the ground floor there is a room with groined vaults. The atrium is also quite old. There are also stucco ceilings on the upper floor.
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No. 46: Former Goldener Hirsch inn
This is where the Goldener Hirsch inn was located , to which the house sign of a jumping deer on the facade still refers. The former rooms of the restaurant on the ground floor have beautiful ridge vaults. The staircase and the hood of the light shaft are also arched. One room on the upper floor is barrel vaulted.
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No. 47, 49, 51
The houses that belonged together once consisted of four house units. The two-storey, polygonal bay window on the facade is particularly striking. The windows are in deep reveals. On the ground floor there are groin-vaulted rooms, on the first floor there is a barrel-vaulted corridor with stitch caps and a room with a field ceiling in which a mural depicting the mercy seat from the beginning of the 15th century has been preserved.
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# 48
The five-storey house has a beautiful facade with a curved baroque gable, painted window frames and the relief of a merchant holding a banner in his hands. There are vaulted rooms on the ground floor and first floor, on the second floor there is a kitchen with a barrel vault and a living room with a stucco molding on the ceiling.
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No. 50: Stoffelehaus
The so-called Stoffelehaus has a two-story bay window on the right window axis with a balcony above. The facade is characterized by painted decorative elements on the house edges and window frames, as well as by a battlemented gable. Inside there is a brick staircase and a cross-vaulted corridor on the first floor.
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No. 53: Nöcklerhaus
This Gothic house is known as Nöcklerhaus after an owner from the 19th century . The facade has a pointed gable with a crenellated crown. In the hall on the ground floor, a groin vault rests on square pillars. The stairwell has a dome light and a wooden railing.
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No. 54
The narrow two-axis and four-storey house has a facade, the floors of which are divided by cornices and the windows with plastic frames. On the ground floor there are barrel vaults and a room with a beamed ceiling. There is also a beamed ceiling in the basement , there with a beveled central support. A barrel-vaulted kitchen is on the first floor, and a room with a stucco ceiling is on the second floor.
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No. 55
On the house with a simple facade design, a flat bay window on the first floor and a coat of arms fresco with the late Gothic coat of arms of the Mor family stand out. The windows are in deep reveals. Medieval masonry still exists in the cellar. The ground floor has a barrel-vaulted room and an atrium. On the first floor there is a room with baroque paneling and a tiled stove.
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No. 57: Engelmohr House
The Engelmohr House, also known as the Kleinmohrische dwelling at the time , has a coat of arms frieze from the 16th century on the facade as the most prominent feature. In addition to a groin-vaulted hall on the ground floor, there is also a room on the first floor with Baroque paneling.
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No. 58: Spit house
From 1430 to 1490 this house belonged to the painter Friedrich Pacher . The externally inconspicuous building has vaulted cellars, barrel vaults on the ground floor and a vaulted room on the upper floor.
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No. 59
The narrow house with a simple two-axis facade has vaulted rooms on the ground floor and first floor, a brick staircase and an atrium. There is a paneled room on the mezzanine floor.
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No. 62: Kirchbergerhaus
One of the most prominent houses in the Stadtgasse is the Kirchbergerhaus . This was originally the seat of the chief administrator who administered the episcopal possessions. Immediately behind the house was a grain bin and an arched horse stable. In the city fire of 1723, all three buildings were destroyed and the property was then sold by Bishop Kaspar Ignaz von Künigl to the brewer Johann Kirchberger (hence the name). It was then a brewery and inn until 1916, after which it was a guest business for another two decades. The poet Hermann von Gilm zu Rosenegg lived here from 1843 to 1845; a plaque on the house reminds of this. The first of three fountains in Stadtgasse was also located here.
At its core, the building contains medieval structures. After the fire, the three Gothic predecessor buildings were combined into a stately town house. The showpiece of the building is the middle section with a two-storey square bay window on stepped supporting stones and the supporting pointed arch frieze. On the facade you can see the coat of arms of the Bishop of Brixen, the year 1600 and below that the coat of arms of the Söll family. The ogival entrance door and the window bars are striking on the ground floor. The splendid pub sign dates from the 19th century. The windows have painted frames.
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No. 63: Former office of the Neustift monastery
This house was built on the edge of the former ball court soon after the city was founded. It remained in the possession of the Neustift monastery until the 18th century . In the middle of the 19th century it was converted into the kk rent office , for another thirty years it served as the magistrate's building and then became barracks at the end of the 19th century. After the First World War it was initially a residential building and then became the headquarters of the city's electricity and waterworks. After a thorough restoration, the Bruneck secondary school first moved into the upper floor and the city library on the first floor. Today a branch of the Free University of Bozen is housed here.
The building is characterized by masonry from the founding period and partly original window openings. Above the stone-framed arched gate there is a coat of arms of Neustift, the year 1547 and the inscription VIVAT FELIX NOVACELLA. Inside, the former hallway widens into a hall with a star-shaped vault. Other rooms have groin and barrel vaults.
No. 65: Former ball court
In the place of today's Ursuline monastery was the only larger square in the city, where the goods had to be stored and customs cleared according to the existing law of settlement . Here there was the ball scale and the ball house, a warehouse. The Hohenzorn House was also located here , the first episcopal office building, which was probably also the town hall for a few years.
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No. 68
On the ground floor of the house there is a narrow passage and a room with a barrel vault and a walled-in wooden central support. An arched staircase leads to the upper floor, a brick staircase with a column leads to the second floor.
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Ursuline Gate
At the end of Stadtgasse, the Ursuline Gate leads to the Paul-Tschurtschenthaler-Park square . The gate was once part of the city fortifications. The two-storey tower has a round arched passage and a battlement. Wall paintings on the outside show a crucifixion group around 1420 and another baroque mural the Madonna with two bishops and St. Christopher .
- Entry in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
literature
- Martina Obermair: Commercial topography of the Bruneck City and Higher Regional Court from 1700 to 1860. Phil. Diss., University of Innsbruck 1985.
- Anton Sitzmann: House book of the old town of Bruneck (1780–1964) . Diss. Phil., Volume II, Innsbruck 1965.
Individual evidence
- ^ Philipp Egger: The drinking parlor in Bruneck in the house of the pharmacy of Zieglauer. A cultural image from the early 16th century. Bolzano: pluristamp 1998.
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 47 ′ 45.3 ″ N , 11 ° 56 ′ 20 ″ E