Entersburg
| Entersburg | ||
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 Steffenswarte at the location of the former Entersburg |
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| Alternative name (s): | Nantersburg, Nantersburch, Nantirsburg | |
| Creation time : | Late 11th century | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall, small remains | |
| Standing position : | Reichsministeriale | |
| Construction: | Slate quarry | |
| Place: | Hontheim | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 4 '50.1 " N , 7 ° 0' 29.4" E | |
| Height: | 262.2 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Enter Castle , also Nantersburg is an Outbound High Middle Spur castle northeast of Hontheim in Bernkastel-Wittlich in Rhineland-Palatinate . The castle was probably built at the end of the 11th century by the "Lords of Nantersburg" and destroyed in 1138 by the Archbishop of Trier , Albero von Montreuil .
Finds that were made in 1978 and 1979 as part of an archaeological excavation by the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier provided evidence that Celts and Romans already had fortifications on the later castle grounds .
Today the Steffenswarte, a lookout tower built in 1895, reminds of the location of the castle.
Geographical location
The Entersburg was located on a multi-tiered rock ridge above the lower Üßbach valley in the Moselle Eifel . The maximum 262.2 m above sea level. NHN high plateau, on which the castle stood, is about 250 meters long and up to 130 meters wide. In the west, north and east, the castle was protected by steep slopes to the Üßbach valley about 60 meters deeper.
history
Based on dendrochronological studies, the castle was built before 1096. The lords of the castle were the "Lords of Nantirsburg" or "von Nantersburg". The historian Beyer calls this sex Reichsministeriale .
When Emperor Lothar III. (1133–1137) undertook his second Italian campaign in 1136 , he was accompanied by Archbishop of Trier Albero von Montreuil (1131–1152), among others . During Albero's absence, the brothers Werner and Johann von Nantersburg had taken the nearby archbishopric of Arras . They were arranged to do this by Count Palatine Otto von Rheineck . After the archbishop's return, the Nantersburg brothers were driven out of Arras Castle and Nantersburg was destroyed in 1138. It is unknown whether the castle was rebuilt. But it was named "Entersburg" in 1335 - together with the nearby towns of "Huntheim" ( Hontheim ), "Grintkamp" (Krinkhof?) And "Wispelscheit" (Wispelt) - in a deed between the Trier elector Balduin and the knight Cuno von Ulmen mentioned again.
description
In the 1850s, traces of fire and Roman coins were discovered during the first excavations on the highest rock plateau. In 1865 the result was summarized as follows: “A detailed examination of the rubble of ... Entersburg ... showed that its buildings were built in very small dimensions, on a stone foundation, single-story wood (half-timbered) and covered with straw or gorse. There was no tower and the main fortification was the elongated position on a narrow rock ridge, which was cut in the only attack side by a deep ditch. ”In 1974 Karl-Josef Gilles describes many small finds from the Entersburg in a publication by the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier . Afterwards extensive robbery excavations took place. In 1978 and 1979, extensive archaeological excavations of the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier were carried out under the direction of Karl-Josef Gilles .
Celtic times
An edge fortification using wood-stone-earth technology from the Iron Age enclosed an inner area of around 1.3 hectares . In several excavation cuts, pre-Roman wall remains were found on the north, east and south sides, which indicate a Celtic fortification. Based on ceramic and metal finds, the complex can be assigned to the later Latène period (3rd to 1st century BC). Among other things, Celtic coins, including the Treveri potin coins, were found.
Roman times
In the second half of the 3rd century AD, a Roman fortification was built on the highest point of the plateau. The area of the fence was smaller than the Celtic system. The masonry made of broken slate was 1.20 meters thick. Later, not before the second quarter of the 4th century, was on the northwest tip of an approximately 10 by 10 meters large burgus added, the foundation walls were more strong than two meters. It probably served as additional protection for the fortifications and to control the Roman road running about 600 meters northwest of the watchtower , which led from Trier to Andernach . Among the Roman finds, two bronze sculptures (a winged Cupid and the bust of Minerva ) are particularly noteworthy. From the coin finds it can be deduced that the Roman complex was abandoned in the middle of the 4th century.
middle Ages
Remains of another surrounding wall and the foundations of the palace were uncovered from the medieval Nantersburg . It is a two-part bent room around 30 meters long and 10 meters wide. The walls were 1.10 to 1.50 meters thick and made of hewn slate stones. Roman spoils were also used in the construction. There were two entrances on the south side. A dungeon was not detected. Coins, ceramics and other items from this period have also been found.
To the northwest of the medieval castle complex and outside the Roman fortification wall were two short section trenches carved into the rock . The inner trench shows a U-shaped cross-section and reached a depth of 1.50 meters. The timing of these trenches is indefinite.
today
A stone observation tower, the Steffenswarte, was built in 1895 on the small oval summit plateau, south of the medieval palace. The castle site is freely accessible.
Web links
- Entry on Entersburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ A b Heinrich Beyer : Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch , Volume II, Coblenz: Hölscher, 1865, p. 108 ( dilibri.de )
- ^ Christian von Stramberg , Anton Joseph Weidenbach : Memorable and useful Rheinischer Antiquarius ... , Part 3, Volume 5, Hergt, Koblenz 1858, p. 492 ( Google Books )
- ↑ N. Zimmerer: Albero von Trier in Trierische Chronik , 1907, p. 147 ( dilibri.de )
- ^ Johann Friedrich Schannat , Georg Baersch : Eiflia illustrata , Volume 2, Part 2, Mayer, Leipzig, 1855, p. 11 ( Google Books )
- ^ Wilhelm Arnold Günther : Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus , Volume 3, Coblenz. B. Heriot, 1824, p. 329 ( Google Books )
- ↑ a b c Dirk Lutz Krauße : German Archaeological Institute: Iron Age Cultural Change and Romanization in the Mosel-Eifel Region , Catalog of Finds, 2006, p. 19 ( Memento of March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed in the Internet archive on 6. February 2016 (PDF; 1.2 MB)
- ↑ a b c d Entry on Entersburg in the database of cultural assets in the Trier region ; Retrieved February 20, 2016.
- ↑ Emmi Elert: Guide through the Royal Bad Bertrich , Kreuznach: Voigtländer, 1904, p. 16 ( dilibri.de )